scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC CONSOLIDATION COEFFICIENTS OF BIRTH-WEIGHT INDICATORS IN SOWS OF WELSH BREED

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Tsereniuk ◽  
Irina Martyniuk ◽  
Aleksandr Akimov ◽  
Natalya Shkavro ◽  
Marek Babicz
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Young Boars ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research was to study the effect of sow and boar age on average weight of newly born piglets, considering the season of the year and the age of the animals. The studies were conducted in the research farm of SE “Gontarivka”, Volchansky district, Kharkiv region. Natural breeding of sows is used for reproduction on the farm. The insemination of sows was carried out according to the scheme of studies. 35 head of sows and 4 boars of different ages and live weights were selected. Four groups of sows were formed. In order to study the impact of the season of the year on sow productivity, the first series of studies were conducted in the autumn, the second series - in the spring according to the same scheme. In different groups of animals, average weight of newly born piglets ranged from 1.10 to 1.21 kg. The average value of this indicator for all sows for both studied seasons was 1.16 kg. The magnitude (for all sows of the period) in winter farrowing was 1.74 % higher than the summer farrowing (for all sows of the period), although the difference between these groups was not probable. Between the sows of different ages, inseminated by boars of different ages, in winter, the higher values were given to young sows that were inseminated by young boars (p<0.01 compared to young sows that were inseminated by full-grown boars). Among the sows of different ages, inseminated by boars of different ages, in the summer, the highest values were middle-aged, which were inseminated by middle-aged boars (p<0.01 compared to young sows in winter, inseminated by full boars and p<0.05 compared to young sows in summer, which were inseminated by adult boars). During the summer period the middle-aged sows, which were inseminated by middle-aged boars, received maximum values of average weight of newly born piglets, which were higher than sows of other groups by 10.00-0.83 %. The most consolidated high-birth-weight rates were obtained in winter for young sows that were inseminated by adult boars. In the summer, the most consolidated were young sows inseminated by young boars.

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight Prevalence in Children Diagnosed with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Dubai

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110317
Author(s):  
Faisal A. Nawaz ◽  
Meshal A. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of low birth weight and other perinatal risk factors in children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. This is one of the first studies in the Arabian Gulf region focused on the contribution of these factors toward the development of various disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and other mental disorders. This descriptive study was based on qualitative data analysis. We reviewed retrospective information from the electronic medical records of 692 patients in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The prevalence of low birth weight in children with mental disorders was significantly higher as compared to the general population (16% vs 6% respectively). Furthermore, other risk factors, including high birth weight and preterm birth were noted to have a significant association with neurodevelopmental disorders. Future research on the impact of perinatal risk factors will contribute to advancement of early intervention guidelines.

scholarly journals The impact of maternal body mass index on maternal and perinatal outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2862
Author(s):  
Nishu Bhushan ◽  
Surinder Kumar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Reema Khajuria
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
The Impact

Background: The incidence of obesity has increased to pandemic proportions over the last 20 years. Obesity is a chronic illness which is associated with metabolic disease, nutritional deficiency, musculoskeletal complications and carcinomas. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2 (normal), with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 (overweight) and with BMI >30 kg/m2 (obese).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 singleton pregnant women with gestational age>37 weeks with cephalic presentation. The selected women were categorized into three groups of 100 each according to their BMI: Category I included normal women (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2), Category II included overweight women (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) and Category III included obese women (BMI >30 kg/m2).Results: There was increased incidence of antepartum complications in obese women. The difference in the occurrence of pre-eclampsia among the three categories was statistically significant (p=0.001). Similarly, more obese women had eclampsia (5%) and gestational diabetes mellitus (6%) as compared to overweight and normal women and the difference was statistically significant in both these complications (p=0.02 for each). The risk of induction of labour was highest in obese women and so was the incidence of caesarean and instrumental deliveries and the difference was statistically significant. The difference in the onset of labour as well as mode of delivery among the three categories was statistically significant (p<0.05). In perinatal outcomes, the difference in mean birth weight of the babies among three categories was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The difference in incidence of low birth weight (<2.5 kg) as well as macrosomia (>4 kg) among babies of three BMI categories was statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference in the incidence of NICU admissions was statistically significant (p=0.02).Conclusions: Obesity is an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and hence preventable steps should be taken for reducing the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

The influence of mammaplasty on axillary lymphatic drainage patterns and sentinel lymph node detection: A 40-patient prospective study including the 20 first patients of the preliminary study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21056-e21056
Author(s):  
Eric Gremillet ◽  
Claude Soler ◽  
Catherine Bouteille ◽  
Aline Steiner ◽  
Benjamin Geissler
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

e21056 Background: In the field of sentinel lymph node (SLN) for patients with previously breast surgery, opinions are not definitive. On the first hand, the ASCO in 2005 recommended that SLN biopsy should not be performed in patients with previous mammaplasty or axillary surgery, but, on the other hand, the same panelists of the ASCO guideline suggested that a preliminary lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) could be done when considering a SLN biopsy in patients with previous mammaplasty, with the objective of verifying the integrity of axillary nodes. We started a prospective study in January 2009, to evaluate the location of sentinel lymph node (SLN) before and after mammaplasty. The preliminary results of the first 20 patients were presented in June 2010 (Chicago, ASCO), however it was to be necessary to have more patients to validate these encouraging results. The results of additional study is presented here. Methods: 40 patients who underwent mammaplasty were evaluated by LSG acquired with a SPECT-CT immediately after intradermal periareolar injections of 99mTc -labelled sulphur colloid at two time points: before mammaplasty (Pre-LSG) and between 40 to 60 days after mammaplasty (Post- LSG). Results: The localisation of hot SN was evaluated as in the first study, using the SPECT-CT images : - antero-posterior distance was estimated in centimeter from SLN region to dorsal vertebrae spine center. - SLN’s coronal position was compared to rib cage. The average value of 40 antero-posterior distance before and after surgery was 14.2 vs 14.4 centimeters, in the preliminary study it was 13.6 vs 13.8 centimeters, the difference keeps the same between 2 studies (2 millimeters). As in the first study, SN was in the same position in relation to grill rib. The binomial test did not show statistical difference in lymphatic drainage patterns between Pre-LSG and Post-LSG. Conclusions: after evaluating the impact of the previous mammaplasty surgery on the SLN position, we observed that surgery did not modify lymphatic mapping and thus that it may be possible to propose SLN biopsy even after mammaplasty. This study confirms the results of our preliminary study.

scholarly journals Prediction of Birth Weight of Newborn Nepalese’ Babies by Maximum Likelihood Estimation

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Standard Normal Distribution ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Data Set

The first weight of newborn babies is a vital indicator of their growth and progress in the performance of their life span. Normal birth weight children are healthier than low birth weight and overweight. Total 1111 data were taken from the 2016 NDHS data set and the R environment used to estimate the average birth of newborn babies. The maximum likelihood estimate of normal distribution is used to determine the average (SD) weight of newborn babies. The estimated value is validation by KS test and pdf plot with normal curve. Prevalence of low birth weight and overweight from the standard normal distribution has also been predicted. The mean weight of newborn infants of the children is (2.94 kg) 2940 grams and the standard deviation is (0.573 kg) 573 grams. The percentage of low birth weight and high birth weight is 22.04% and 3.14% respectively. The average weight of Nepalese newborn babies is ordinary, but the prevalence of low birth weight is still high in Nepal.

scholarly journals The influence of different working lengths on apically extruded debris

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e55410414554
Author(s):  
Karla Garcia ◽  
Ana Grasiela da Silva Limoeiro ◽  
Wayne Martins Nascimento ◽  
Eduardo Mansur Kadi ◽  
Sandra Radaic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Weight ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Coronal Section ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc

Aim: To evaluate the influence of three different working lengths on the amount of apically extruded debris. Methodology: Thirty lower premolars with single roots and straight root canals were standardized at 17 mm. Then, they were inserted into Eppendorf tubes, and the 1.5% agar gel was introduced into the tubes surrounding the roots. The coronal section of the roots was kept visible. The set of tubes and agar gel was weighed 3 times and the average value was recorded. Then, the specimens were randomly distributed in 3 different groups according to the working length (CT) used for the instrumentation: Group (CT -1) - the working length 1 mm below the major foramen (MF); Group (CT 00) - the length was determined at the MF, and Group (CT +1) - the CT was determined 1 mm beyond the MF. Instrumentation was performed with Reciproc Blue R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) under irrigation with 0.9% saline. After preparation, samples were removed from Eppendorf tubes and weighed 3 times again. The difference between the mean values ​​of the initial and final weight was recorded. The one-way ANOVA test (post-hoc Bonferroni) was used with P> 0.05. Results: The average weight of the extruded waste was 0.0134 ± 0.0157 for CT -1, 0.0075 ± 0.0062 for CT 00 and 0.0075 ± 0.0068 for CT +1, with no statistically significant differences between groups. Conclusion: There was no impact of the different CTs on the amount of extruded debris beyond the apex.

scholarly journals III. Nesil (F3) Karadeniz Alabalığı (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1814) Anaç Ağırlığı ve Kuluçka Verimi İlişkisi

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Baki ◽  
Eyüp Çakmak ◽  
Birol Baki ◽  
Cemil Altundaş
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Relative Fecundity ◽  
Absolute Fecundity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fish Weight ◽  
The Difference

In this study, this was the aimed to determine the reproduction and hatching yields in different weight groups in hatchery origin rootstocks (F3) Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1814). In this study, the female fishes which produced from natural rootstock were used average weight 1437±134.6 g (Group I) 2737±210.2 g (Group II) and 3785±162.3 g (Group III). After the stripping process; according to the groups, were determined respectively eggs absolute fecundity (number of eggs/broodfish) is average 2353±205, 5361±506, 6603±491, relative fecundity (number of eggs/kg)) is average1687±166, 1968±194, 1744±114. The egg diameter (mm) 4.89±0.16, 5.28±0.07, 5.31±0.06 egg weight (mg) 77±6, 90±4, 96±3 groups I., II. and III. respectively was calculated. The fertilization ratio (%) 95.49±1.23, 96.49±1.14, 98.39±0.52, browse rate (%) 79.97±5.36, 84.20±5.23, 94.70±1.50, has been identified. The output rate (%) 60.57±7.86, 67.66±6.42, 84.83±3.09, the hatchery efficiency (%) 58.14±7.95, 69.77±6.25, 83.51±3.29 was found. relative fecundity average value 168±160, 1968±194, 1744±114.The existence of relationship among the weight of the brood-stock, absolute fecundity (0.0198, 0.0012, 0.3499), and relative egg fecundity (0.3415, 0.0494, 0.00) was tested by regression analysis and consequently the difference between groups were significant. This was determined that between fish weight and absolute fecundity relationship is weak directly proportional for each group, between fish weight and relative fecundity is weak inversely proportional in Group I and II, the Group III is weak for directly proportional.

scholarly journals The impact of early growth patterns and infant feeding on body composition at 3 years of age

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine T. Ejlerskov ◽  
Line B. Christensen ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Signe M. Jensen ◽  
Christian Mølgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
The Impact

Early excessive weight gain is positively associated with later obesity, and yet the effect of weight gain during specific periods and the impact of infant feeding practices are debated. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of weight gain in periods of early childhood on body composition at 3 years, and whether infant feeding modified the relationship between early growth and body composition at 3 years. We studied 233 children from the prospective cohort study, SKOT (in Danish: Småbørns Kost og Trivsel). Birth weight z-scores (BWZ) and change in weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) from 0 to 5, 5 to 9, 9 to 18 and 18 to 36 months were analysed for relations with body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance) at 3 years by multivariate regression analysis. BWZ and change in WAZ from 0 to 5 months were positively associated with BMI, fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) at 3 years. Full breastfeeding for 6 months (compared to less than 1 month) eliminated the effect of early growth (P= 0·01). Full breastfeeding for 6 months (compared to less than 1 month) also eliminated the positive relation between BWZ and FMI (P= 0·009). No effect modification of infant feeding was found for FFMI. In conclusion, high birth weight and rapid growth from 0 to 5 months were associated with increased FMI and FFMI at 3 years. Longer duration of full breastfeeding reduced the effect of birth weight and early weight gain on fat mass.

scholarly journals Birth Weight, Neonatal Mortality and Transition Period in Kintamani Puppy Dog Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Breeding Kennel

The observations study was performed on a total of 72 puppies born alive from 16 pregnancy bitches at Asubali breeding kennel, Gianyar, Bali. After whelping, the total number of puppies born alive or dead within a litter, beginning the eyes open and first respond to hear was recorded. Each puppy was identified by a colored collar. Puppies were weighed at birth and continued until 7 day of age. Data were analyzed and presented as means and standard deviation. The difference of sex was analyzed using A two-tailed student t-test. The result of this study showed that average weight of the male puppies was 362.77±60.15 gram and the female puppies were 340.44±36.48 gram. During the first week of life, the mortality rate was 9.72%. The puppy’s eyes open at an age 10 to 15 day and begins to hear at an age 19 to 23 days. Birth weight and neonatal mortality was significantly affected by sex. Its concluded that the mortality rate neonatal was low in Kintamani dog.

TESTING THE EFFECT OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC PARADOX: BIRTH WEIGHT OF NEWBORNS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT MOTHERS IN THE REGION OF VALENCIA, SPAIN

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLES SIMÓ ◽  
SALVADOR MÉNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Special Adaptation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Epidemiologic Paradox ◽  
Epidemiological Paradox ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThe epidemiological paradox and ‘healthy migrant effect’ refer to the favourable health outcomes in unprivileged groups under unfavourable socioeconomic conditions. Weight at birth is associated with the epidemiological paradox. However, differences in fertility structure (mainly mother's age and first maternity) might be the cause of the difference in weight at birth between children of immigrant and non-immigrant mothers. This paper aims to analyse the impact of the epidemiologic paradox by distinguishing between the factors related to fertility structure, in addition to other socio-cultural factors. The importance of fertility structure as the cause of weight-at-birth differences of the newborns of immigrant and non-immigrant women, and between those of subgroups of immigrant mothers, is tested. Based on data from birth registries for the period 1998–2009, a variance analysis was performed for Spanish mothers and for those of five major immigrant subgroups living in the region of Valencia, Spain, which experienced significant migrant inflows within a short period of time. A Scheffé test between pairs of nationalities was carried out. Finally, linear regression models were built. The results suggest that the most relevant factors are those related to fertility structure, and that consequently the epidemiological paradox does not apply for immigrant mothers as a whole, although Bolivian immigrant offspring may be an exception. This unexpected result requires further research to test to what extent this is due to the special adaptation of multigenerational high-altitude populations in pregnancy. The factors associated with fertility structure must be controlled when trying to relate birth weight differences between ethnic groups to socioeconomic factors.

scholarly journals Differences and Correlation Analysis of Birth Weight and Overweight/Obesity in Shanghai Twin Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Ping Liao ◽  
Wen-Jing Wang ◽  
Hui-Ting Yu ◽  
Jia-Jie Zang ◽  
Nai-Si Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze differences in birth weight and overweight/obesity in a Shanghai twin cohort. We also wanted to study their association and explore possible risk factors for the discordance of overweight/obesity within twins. This was an internal case–control study designed for twins. The 2012 Shanghai Twin Registration System baseline survey data of a total of 3417 twin pairs were statistically analyzed using SPSS22 software. Results show that the body mass index (BMI) of the Shanghai twin population increased with age. Twins with a high birth weight had a higher BMI and a higher rate of overweight and obesity; 0- to 6-year-old twins, male twins and dizygotic (DZ) twins had higher rates of overweight/obesity than other groups. The greater the discordant birth weight rate of twins, the more obvious the difference in BMI (p < .05). There was a significant difference in overweight/obesity between twins with a relative difference of birth weight ≥15% in DZ twins (p < .05). DZ twins, male twins and 0- to 6-year-old twins were more likely to be discordant in overweight/obese than others. The discordant birth weight within twins was not a risk factor for discordant overweight/obesity. However, attention should be paid to childhood obesity, and appropriate interventions should be made at the appropriate time. Genetics may play an important role in the occurrence and development of overweight/obesity. In conclusion, discordant growth and development in the uterus early in life may not lead to discordant weight development in the future.

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