scholarly journals Prospects of infusion therapy in the treatment of severe pulmonary tuberculosis in combination with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
L.D. Todoriko ◽  
M.I. Gumeniuk ◽  
I.O. Semianiv ◽  
T.A. Sprynsian ◽  
O.S. Denysov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Presystemic Metabolism ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

Background. Clinical experience has shown that in conditions of severe quarantine, patients with small respiratory syndromes do not have access to early and quality differential diagnosis. It increases the risk of hospitalization, in such cases, to the infectious department. In most cases, tuberculosis (TB) treatment is no different in people with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Objective. Analyze the outlook for the effects of the interaction between COVID-19 and TB, which remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease in the world, and for the reduce the risk of TB infection in a pandemic without losing treatment. Results and discussion. Recently, patients with TB and COVID-19 syntropy, which requires off-label therapy, have to be treated more and more often. This is especially true for patients with diabetes who are at risk for both TB and coronavirus infection. In such cases, which account for approximately 10-15 % of the total, oral therapy (per os) has a high risk of being ineffective. Timely infusion therapy for the synthesis of infectious diseases – TB and COVID-19 – reduces the risk of lethal prognosis. The method of intravenous infusions of anti-TB drugs is the ability to quickly create very high concentrations of drugs in the pulmonary artery, bypassing the liver as the main organ of inactivation and presystemic metabolism. Experience with co-treatment of COVID-19 and TB remains limited. However, suspension of TB treatment in patients with COVID-19 should be exceptional. Prophylactic treatment of TB, treatment of drug-sensitive or resistant TB should be continued continuously to protect the patient’s health, reduce transmission of infection and prevent the development of drug resistance. Therapeutic trials and accumulation of practical experience are underway. However, there are currently no warnings regarding the interaction of drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 and anti-TB drugs, including the use of infusion therapy in severe conditions. Conclusions. Timely infusion therapy for the synthesis of infectious diseases – TB and COVID-19 – reduces the risk of lethal prognosis.

ON-THE-FARM TESTS OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND VETERINARY AND SANITARY PREVENTION MEASURES OF CATTLE NECROBACILLOSIS

1970 ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
М. G. Vinnikov ◽  
R. N. Melnik ◽  
S. А. Grin ◽  
А. Ya. Samuylenko ◽  
N. V. Melnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The system of veterinary and sanitary measures in the CJSC "Makeevo" of the Zarayskiy municipal district of the Moscow region was studied during 2015-2016. The tests were carried out on 2232 cattle with age and sex composition: 965 cows, 206 heifers, 186 heifers (2014 year of birth), 52 bulls (2014 year of birth,) 426 heifers (2015 year of birth), 397 male calves (2015 year of birth). The system of veterinary and sanitary measures to prevent infectious diseases of cattle have been developed on the basis of modern scientific achievements, taking into account many years of practical experience in Russia, includes a set of measures: an analysis of the current situation in the farm; identification of urgent priority measures, specialists training on the farm, monitoring of the proposed measures implementation; elaboration of the farm development plan. The results of the recommendations production tests and the system of veterinary and sanitary measures on number of cattle in the dairy farm enterprise through the modernization of the production process are presented. Application of organizational-economic, sanitary, diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic measures was allowed to protect 99.25% of animals from necrobacteriosis.

Differentiation of endemic areas by incidence rates of tick-borne infectious diseases as the basis for choosing prevention strategy and tactics

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
N.V. Rudakov ◽  
N.A. Penyevskaya ◽  
D.A. Saveliev ◽  
S.A. Rudakova ◽  
C.V. Shtrek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Very High

Research objective. Differentiation of natural focal areas of Western Siberia by integral incidence rates of tick-borne infectious diseases for determination of the strategy and tactics of their comprehensive prevention. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of official statistics for the period 2002-2018 for eight sub-federal units in the context of administrative territories was carried out. The criteria of differentiation were determined by means of three evaluation scales, including long-term mean rates of tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne borreliosis, and Siberian tick-borne typhus. As a scale gradation tool, we used the number of sample elements between the confidence boundaries of the median. The integral assessment was carried out by the sum of points corresponding to the incidence rates for each of the analyzed infections. Results. The areas of low, medium, above average, high and very high risk of tick-borne infectious diseases were determined. Recommendations on the choice of prevention strategy and tactics were given. In areas of very high and high incidence rates, a combination of population-based and individual prevention strategies is preferable while in other areas a combination of high-risk and individual strategies is recommended. Discussion. Epidemiologic zoning should be the basis of a risk-based approach to determining optimal volumes and directions of preventive measures against natural focal infections. It is necessary to improve the means and methods of determining the individual risk of getting infected and developing tick-borne infectious diseases in case of bites, in view of mixed infection of vectors, as well as methods of post-exposure disease prevention (preventive therapy).

ORGANIZATIONAL MEASURES FOR SPECIAL TRANSPORT PROCESSING USED FOR CONVICTS AND PERSONS IN CUSTODY ESCORTING INCLUDING PATIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS DISEASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Валерий Викторович Кубанов
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Ultraviolet Disinfection ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

В статье анализируются вопросы правового регулирования и организации мероприятий по обработке специального транспорта, используемого для конвоирования осужденных и лиц, содержащихся под стражей, в целях недопущения распространения заболеваний, вызванных новой коронавирусной инфекцией (COVID-19). Охарактеризована правовая регламентация санитарно-гигиенической и противоэпидемиологической деятельности в условиях учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества. Показан комплекс проблем, связанных с обеспечением необходимых санитарно-гигиенических условий при перевозках осужденных и лиц, содержащихся под стражей. Исследован вопрос о критериях отбора дезинфицирующего средства, применяемого для обработки специального транспорта. Сформулированы дополнительные требования, предъявляемые к дезинфицирующим средствам, в современных условиях распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Сделан вывод о целесообразности сочетания химических и физических способов проведения дезинфекции. Предложено комбинированное использование химических аэрозольных методов и физических ультрафиолетовых дезинфекционных технологий, реализуемых посредством бактерицидных облучателей-рециркуляторов воздуха, предназначенных для обеззараживания воздуха ультрафиолетовым излучением в различных закрытых пространствах, включая салоны транспортных средств. Затронуты вопросы организации дезинфекционных пунктов в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы Самарской области. The article analyzes the issues of legal regulation and organization of measures for processing special transport used for convicts and persons in custody escorting in order to prevent the spread of diseases caused by a new coronavirus infection (covid-19). The article describes the legal regulation of sanitary-hygienic and antiepidemiological activities in institutions that provide isolation from society. The complex of problems related to ensuring the necessary sanitary and hygienic conditions during transportation of convicts and persons in custody is shown. The question of the selection criteria for the disinfectant used for the treatment of special transport is investigated. Additional requirements for disinfectants are formulated in the current conditions of the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The conclusion is made about the expediency of combining chemical and physical methods of disinfection. The combined use of chemical aerosol methods and physical ultraviolet disinfection technologies implemented by means of bactericidal irradiators-air recirculators designed for disinfection of air with ultraviolet radiation in various enclosed spaces, including vehicle interiors, is proposed The issues of organization of disinfection points in institutions of the penitentiary system of the Samara region were discussed.

The metachor as a characteristic of the association of electrolytes in aqueous solutions

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Čeleda ◽  
Stanislav Škramovský
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Molal Volumes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Suitable Characteristic ◽  
Association Of Ions ◽  
Very High

Based on the earlier paper introducing a concept of the apparent parachor of a solute in the solution, we have eliminated in the present work algebraically the effect which is introduced into this quantity by the additivity of the apparent molal volumes. The difference remaining from the apparent parachor after substracting the contribution corresponding to the apparent volume ( for which the present authors suggest the name metachor) was evaluated from the experimental values of the surface tension of aqueous solutions for a set of 1,1-, 1,2- and 2,1-valent electrolytes. This difference showed to be independent of concentration up to the very high values of the order of units mol dm-3 but it was directly proportional to the number of the free charges (with a proportionality factor 5 ± 1 cm3 mol-1 identical for all studied electrolytes). The metachor can be, for this reason, a suitable characteristic for detection of the association of ions and formation of complexes in the solutions of electrolytes, up to high concentrations where other methods are failing.

scholarly journals Nitrification Process in a Nuclear Wastewater with High Load of Nitrogen, Uranium and Organic Matter under ORP Controlled

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Mariano Venturini ◽  
Ariana Rossen ◽  
Patricia Silva Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
High Load ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Monod Model ◽  
Nernst Equation ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Very High

To produce nuclear fuels, it is necessary to convert uranium′s ore into UO2-ceramic grade, using several quantities of kerosene, methanol, nitric acid, ammonia, and, in low level, tributyl phosphate (TBP). Thus, the effluent generated by nuclear industries is one of the most toxic since it contains high concentrations of dangerous compounds. This paper explores biological parameters on real nuclear wastewater by the Monod model in an ORP controlled predicting the specific ammonia oxidation. Thermodynamic parameters were established using the Nernst equation to monitor Oxiders/Reductors relationship to obtain a correlation of these parameters to controlling and monitoring; that would allow technical operators to have better control of the nitrification process. The real nuclear effluent is formed by a mixture of two different lines of discharges, one composed of a high load of nitrogen, around 11,000 mg/L (N-NH4+-N-NO3−) and 600 mg/L Uranium, a second one, proceeds from uranium purification, containing TBP and COD that have to be removed. Bioprocesses were operated on real wastewater samples over 120 days under controlled ORP, as described by Nernst equations, which proved to be a robust tool to operate nitrification for larger periods with a very high load of nitrogen, uranium, and COD.

scholarly journals Risk for recurrent cardiovascular disease events among patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetria Hubbard ◽  
Lisandro D. Colantonio ◽  
Robert S. Rosenson ◽  
Todd M. Brown ◽  
Elizabeth A. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background Adults who have experienced multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) events have a very high risk for additional events. Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are each associated with an increased risk for recurrent CVD events following a myocardial infarction (MI). Methods We compared the risk for recurrent CVD events among US adults with health insurance who were hospitalized for an MI between 2014 and 2017 and had (1) CVD prior to their MI but were free from diabetes or CKD (prior CVD), and those without CVD prior to their MI who had (2) diabetes only, (3) CKD only and (4) both diabetes and CKD. We followed patients from hospital discharge through December 31, 2018 for recurrent CVD events including coronary, stroke, and peripheral artery events. Results Among 162,730 patients, 55.2% had prior CVD, and 28.3%, 8.3%, and 8.2% had diabetes only, CKD only, and both diabetes and CKD, respectively. The rate for recurrent CVD events per 1000 person-years was 135 among patients with prior CVD and 110, 124 and 171 among those with diabetes only, CKD only and both diabetes and CKD, respectively. Compared to patients with prior CVD, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for recurrent CVD events was 0.92 (95%CI 0.90–0.95), 0.89 (95%CI: 0.85–0.93), and 1.18 (95%CI: 1.14–1.22) among those with diabetes only, CKD only, and both diabetes and CKD, respectively. Conclusion Following MI, adults with both diabetes and CKD had a higher risk for recurrent CVD events compared to those with prior CVD without diabetes or CKD.

scholarly journals Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Samples and Inorganic Elements Levels in Ores for Characterizing a High Anthropogenic Polluted Area in the Northern Latium Region (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Mario Vincenzo Russo ◽  
Ivan Notardonato ◽  
Alberto Rosada ◽  
Giuseppe Ianiri ◽  
Pasquale Avino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High ◽  
Inorganic Fraction

This paper shows a characterization of the organic and inorganic fraction of river waters (Tiber and Marta) and ores/soil samples collected in the Northern Latium region of Italy for evaluating the anthropogenic/natural source contribution to the environmental pollution of this area. For organic compounds, organochloride volatile compounds in Tiber and Marta rivers were analyzed by two different clean-up methods (i.e., liquid–liquid extraction and static headspace) followed by gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC-ECD) analysis. The results show very high concentrations of bromoform (up to 1.82 and 3.2 µg L−1 in Tiber and Marta rivers, respectively), due to the presence of greenhouse crops, and of chloroform and tetrachloroethene, due to the presence of handicrafts installations. For the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the inorganic fraction, it is highlighted the use of a nuclear analytical method, instrumental neutron activation analysis, which allows having more information as possible from the sample without performing any chemical-physical pretreatment. The results have evidenced high levels of mercury (mean value 88.6 µg g−1), antimony (77.7 µg g−1), strontium (12,039 µg g−1) and zinc (103 µg g−1), whereas rare earth elements show levels similar to the literature data. Particular consideration is drawn for arsenic (414 µg g−1): the levels found in this paper (ranging between 1 and 5100 µg g−1) explain the high content of such element (as arsenates) in the aquifer, a big issue in this area.

scholarly journals Occupational health risk among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: actions to limit the risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Casper
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe World Health Organization declared coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic in March 2020. The infection with coronavirus started in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. As of October 2020, the disease was reported in 235 countries. The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. As of February 2021, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally is 102,942,987 and 2,232,233 deaths according to WHO report. This infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) β-coronavirus. The infection is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets.Healthcare workers (HCWs) play an essential role at the front lines, providing care for patients infected with this highly transmittable disease. They are exposed to very high occupational health risk as they frequently contact the infective persons. In order to limit the number of infected cases and deaths among healthcare workers, it is crucial to have better awareness, optimistic attitude, efficient PPE, and adequate health practices about COVID-19.

THE SELECTIVE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTION OF BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Beck ◽  
E. Pinter ◽  
R. D. McKenna ◽  
H. Griff
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis ◽  
Benzethonium Chloride ◽  
Tryptic Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis ◽  
Very High

Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in humans is thought to be perpetuated by the autolytic processes catalyzed by trypsin and lipase. This study is an integral part of our search for trypsin and lipase inhibitors to be used in the treatment of this disease.Benzethonium chloride was found to inhibit tryptic activity in vitro. The proteolytic activity of rabbit's serum was inhibited, and the inhibition was most pronounced 6 to 12 hours after the subcutaneous injection of the compound. Fibrinolysin was also inhibited in vitro but benzethonium chloride had no inhibitory action on chymotrypsin, pepsin, or lipase.Serum proteins in vitro were precipitated only with very high concentrations of the compound. No significant protein changes were observed in sera of rabbits after the subcutaneous injection of the compound.

scholarly journals Arginine Inhibits Serpins

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Stief
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Human Albumin ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
Peptide Substrates ◽  
Plate Reader ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

Serine protease inactivators (serpins) are important regulators in biochemistry. Often it is necessary to block the serpin action, that is, to stabilize the sample. The guanidine group of arginine is the ligand for the active center pocket of many serine proteases. Arginine or guanidine inhibits serine proteases, and arginine belongs to the reactive P1-P1' center of many serpins. The plasmatic antithrombin, antiplasmin, or anti-C1-esterase activity was determined: A total of 20 µL of pooled normal plasma or 7% human albumin was added to 100 µL of 0—2.67 M arginine, pH 8.6, 10 µL of 26 mIU/mL thrombin in 7% human albumin, and 30 µL of 1.7 mM CHG-Ala-Arg-pNA (37°C). ΔA at 405 nm was determined, by using a microtiter plate reader. Thrombin was substituted by plasmin or C1-esterase, and the chromogenic peptide substrates <Glu-Phe-Lys-pNA or MeOC-Lys(eCBO)-Gly-Arg-pNA, respectively, were used. The IC50 of arginine against plasmatic antithrombin activity is 580 mM; the IC 25 is 440 mM. The IC25 of arginine against plasmatic α 2-antiplasmin or C1-inactivator is 1650 mM. The amidolytic activity of thrombin, plasmin, and C1-esterase is inhibited similarly by arginine: the IC50 for arginine against the amidolytic activity of these proteases is about 400 mM. Arginine at very high concentrations inhibits serpins. This is important, if stabilization of a biological fluid is a prerequisite for valid activities of serine proteases. In addition, these high concentrations of arginine might be a new gentle principle to inhibit pathogens that need serpins for their pathophysiology.

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