scholarly journals Pelvic inflammatory diseases: clinical aspects of therapy and early rehabilitation of reproductive health

2020 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
V.O. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens

Background. Pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) include the wide range of inflammatory processes in the upper reproductive tract of women. 70 % of PID occur in women under 25 years. Adverse consequences of PID include chronization and recurrence of the disease, purulent tuboovarian formations, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, and ectopic pregnancy. Objective. To describe the main aspects of PID treatment and rehabilitation of reproductive health. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature data on this topic. Results and discussion. Risk factors for PID include intrauterine interventions and contraceptives, surgery on uterine appendages, and risky sexual behavior. There are three main targets for PID therapy: infection, release of inflammatory mediators, and repair of damaged tissues. Etiotropic therapy is used to overcome infections, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and detoxification drugs are used to prevent active inflammation, and microcirculation correction is used to promote tissue repair. Broad-spectrum antibiotics (ceftriaxone, doxycycline, metronidazole) are used for etiotropic therapy. Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin) are especially relevant in modern PID treatment regimens because they are effective against 94 % of urogenital tract pathogens, penetrate cell membranes, and slowly cause resistance. The combination of levofloxacin + ornidazole is highly effective against mixed aerobic-anaerobic and protozoal-bacterial infections. A solution for intravenous administration containing a combination of levofloxacin and ornidazole is widely used to treat severe PID. Tobramycin is the drug of choice for PID, mainly caused by antibiotic-resistant intestinal pathogens. After an acute episode of PID, abnormal blood flow in the vessels of the uterus and ovaries is significantly more common. Circulatory disorders contribute to blood stagnation, fibrotization, and sclerosis with the subsequent development of infertility, anovulation, premenstrual syndrome, abnormal uterine bleeding, adhesions, and obstruction of the fallopian tubes. In order to accelerate the excretion of toxic substances and inflammatory metabolites and eliminate oxidative stress, infusion solutions based on sorbitol and L-arginine are prescribed. Sorbitol-based hyperosmolar solution promotes the opening of precapillary sphincters, improves the rheological properties of blood, corrects metabolic acidosis and normalizes water-electrolyte balance. L-arginine solution, in turn, causes dilatation of peripheral vessels, promoting better microcirculation. L-arginine also acts as a substrate for the NO formation. The latter has an antibacterial activity, promotes the migration of T-cells, and takes part in the regulation of the sex hormones synthesis in the ovaries. According to our own data, infusions of L-arginine in PID reduce the proportion of adhesions from 34 to 5.4 %. Conclusions. 1. PID is a spectrum of diseases with a number of adverse consequences, a significant part of which develops in young women. 2. The main components of PID treatment and restoration of reproductive health include elimination of the pathogen, blockade of inflammation and detoxification, correction of microcirculation and tissue repair. 3. Infusion solutions based on sorbitol and L-arginine are successfully used in the comprehensive therapy of PID.

scholarly journals The Largest Tubal Pregnancy: 14th Week

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amr Elmoheen ◽  
Waleed Salem ◽  
Mahmoud Eltawagny ◽  
Rehab Elmoheen ◽  
Khalid Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Tubal Pregnancy ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gestational Sac

Subsequent development and implantation of embryo outside the uterine lining are defined as an ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancies have a wide range of presentations, for example, acute hemoperitoneum to chronic ectopic pregnancy. The case presented is an unusual case of ectopic pregnancy with large hematosalpinx with classic symptoms. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this case is the largest intact tubal ectopic pregnancy reported ever in the 14th week of gestation. A 40-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain, mild dysuria, and loose motion. The patient’s previous menstrual cycles were regular till four months ago, then started to be irregular, and she had no history of chronic diseases except repeated pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID). Clinically, the patient was hemodynamically stable. On palpation, the abdomen was tender, and cervical movements were not tender. BHCG in the blood came very high. The bedside point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) showed free fluid in the abdomen and a sac in the left adnexa with a living fetus (visible heartbeats). The conventional ultrasound showed 14 weeks of an extrauterine gestational sac with visible early pregnancy. Differential diagnosis was either an abdominal pregnancy versus a complicated tubal pregnancy. The surgical pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic tubal pregnancy as the tube was dilated in the middle portion containing chorionic villi, decidual reaction, and the whole gestational sac consistent with the ectopic tubal pregnancy. The patient had a successful laparotomy with salpingectomy and hemostasis and did well after the operation. So, an intact ectopic tubal pregnancy may last until the 14th week of gestation.

Heparin and proteoglycans as anti-inflammatory drugs

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
D. J. Tyrrell ◽  
C. P. Page
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

SummaryEvidence continues to accumulate that the pleiotropic nature of heparin (beyond its anticoagulant potency) includes anti-inflammatory activities at a number of levels. It is clear that drugs exploiting these anti-inflammatory activities of heparin may offer exciting new therapeutic applications to the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases.

ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR IN UNWANTED PREGNANCY PREVENTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Arip Ambulan Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Adolescent Behavior ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Adolescent are at high risk of unwanted pragnency, including abortion, STIs, HIV/AIDS. Risky sexual behavior is one of the entrance transmissions of unwanted pregnancy. Such behavior can be influenced by various factors, beyond and within the individual factors. Teens need the support and motivation in deciding not to do risky sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of adolescent behavior in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.Methods: This research used cross-sectional design. The populations were students of senior high school in District Sintang. The were 123 respondents chosen by cluster sampling technique for this study. All data were collected using questionnaires and then analysed using bivariate (chi square) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression).Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents did not have good knowledge about the prevention of unwanted pregnancy. Related variable is the level of parental education (p=0.001), the support of parents/guardians (p=0.009), support teachers (p=0.005), peer support (p=0.039), residency (p=0.009), a pastime activity (p=0.000), knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health (p=0.016), perception ability of adolescents (p=0.006) and attitude of adolescents (p=0.049). Adolescent self-perception abilities are variables that most influence on the behavior of adolescents in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.Conclusions: Efforts to improve reproductive health programs should be early and adolescent have responsibilities as well as healthy behaviors.

A review of the composition and evolution of hydrocarbon gases during solidification of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland

2001 ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Konnerup-Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Nepheline Syenite ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
High Water ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Alkaline Complex ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Contents

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Konnerup-Madsen, J. (2001). A review of the composition and evolution of hydrocarbon gases during solidification of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 159-166. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v190.5187 _______________ Fluid inclusions in minerals from agpaitic nepheline syenites and hydrothermal veins in the Ilímaussaq complex and in similar agpaitic complexes on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, are dominated by hydrocarbon gases (predominantly methane) and hydrogen. Such volatile compositions differ considerably from those of most other igneous rocks and their formation and entrapment in minerals reflects low oxygen fugacities and a wide range of crystallisation temperatures extending to a low-temperature solidus. Their composition reflects initial low carbon contents and high water contents of the magma resulting in the exsolution of a waterrich CO2–H2O dominated vapour phase. Fractionation of chlorides into the vapour phase results in high salinities and the subsequent development of a heterogeneous vapour phase with a highly saline aqueous-rich fraction and a methane-dominated fraction, with preferential entrapment of the latter, possibly due to different wetting characteristics. The light stable isotope compositions support an abiogenic origin for the hydrocarbons in agpaitic nepheline syenite complexes.

OCCURRENCE OF THE RISKS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO THE CHEMICAL FACTORS OF THE EXPOSURE OF ALUMINA REFINERY- ASSOCIATED BUSINESS ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Zemlianova ◽  
I.V. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Chronic Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Alumina refineries are among the leading sources of atmospheric air pollution with a wide range of pollutants hazardous to human respiratory organs. It is relevant to study and evaluate the occurrence of the risks for development of respiratory diseases in children living in the area affected by the emission components of an alumina refinery. We assessed air quality of the area under observation and comparison according to monitoring observations, risk of non-carcinogenic effects from the respiratory organs. The content of chemicals in the blood and urine adequate to risk factors was quantified. The structure of individual groups of respiratory diseases was analyzed. The causal relationships of violations of laboratory parameters with an increased content of chemicals in biological media were evaluated. It was found that an aerogenic exposure of chemical pollutants is formed on the territory with the production of metallurgical alumina. It determines the risk for development of respiratory diseases, exceeding an acceptable level up to 49.9 times. In the exposed children, the content of manganese, chromium, nickel, copper, xylenes, formaldehyde and aluminum, fluoride ion in the urine was increased to 4.2 times in relation to the indices in the comparison group. A high level of additional respiratory morbidity(1.8 times) was revealed. Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of the nasopharynx and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (up to 6.6 times more often), inflammatory diseases with a predominance of the mechanism of allergic inflammation ( up to 2.1 times more often)are more often detected in the framework of the respiratory diseases. Negative effects on the part of the respiratory system in the form of activation of antioxidant processes, the development of an inflammatory reaction, local, general and specific sensitization of the respiratory tract were established. It confirms the occurrence of the risks for the development of respiratory diseases in children in the exposure area of the chemical factors of alumina refinery-associated economic activity.

scholarly journals Fluorescent thermal shift-based method for detection of NF-κB binding to double-stranded DNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Leitner ◽  
Ilja Vietor ◽  
Lukas A. Huber ◽  
Taras Valovka
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inhibitory Drug

AbstractThe nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family of dimeric transcription factors regulates a wide range of genes by binding to their specific DNA regulatory sequences. NF-κB is an important therapeutic target linked to a number of cancers as well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, effective high-throughput methods for the detection of NF-κB DNA binding are essential for studying its transcriptional activity and for inhibitory drug screening. We describe here a novel fluorescence-based assay for quantitative detection of κB consensus double-stranded (ds) DNA binding by measuring the thermal stability of the NF-κB proteins. Specifically, DNA binding proficient NF-κB probes, consisting of the N-terminal p65/RelA (aa 1–306) and p50 (aa 1–367) regions, were designed using bioinformatic analysis of protein hydrophobicity, folding and sequence similarities. By measuring the SYPRO Orange fluorescence during thermal denaturation of the probes, we detected and quantified a shift in the melting temperatures (ΔTm) of p65/RelA and p50 produced by the dsDNA binding. The increase in Tm was proportional to the concentration of dsDNA with apparent dissociation constants (KD) of 2.228 × 10–6 M and 0.794 × 10–6 M, respectively. The use of withaferin A (WFA), dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and p-xyleneselenocyanate (p-XSC) verified the suitability of this assay for measuring dose-dependent antagonistic effects on DNA binding. In addition, the assay can be used to analyse the direct binding of inhibitors and their effects on structural stability of the protein probe. This may facilitate the identification and rational design of new drug candidates interfering with NF-κB functions.

scholarly journals Determinants of vitamin D status in Kenyan calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Callaby ◽  
Emma Hurst ◽  
Ian Handel ◽  
Phil Toye ◽  
Barend M. de C. Bronsvoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractVitamin D plays a critical role in calcium homeostasis and in the maintenance and development of skeletal health. Vitamin D status has increasingly been linked to non-skeletal health outcomes such as all-cause mortality, infectious diseases and reproductive outcomes in both humans and veterinary species. We have previously demonstrated a relationship between vitamin D status, assessed by the measurement of serum concentrations of the major vitamin D metabolite 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and a wide range of non-skeletal health outcomes in companion and wild animals. The aims of this study were to define the host and environmental factors associated with vitamin D status in a cohort of 527 calves from Western Kenya which were part of the Infectious Disease of East African Livestock (IDEAL) cohort. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations measured in 7-day old calves and subsequent health outcomes over the following 12 months. A genome wide association study demonstrated that both dietary and endogenously produced vitamin D metabolites were under polygenic control in African calves. In addition, we found that neonatal vitamin D status was not predictive of the subsequent development of an infectious disease event or mortality over the 12 month follow up period.

Enrichment of IGF-1R and PPARγ signalling pathways in orbital inflammatory diseases: steps toward understanding pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318330
Author(s):  
Rohan Verma ◽  
Dongseok Choi ◽  
Allison J Chen ◽  
Christina A Harrington ◽  
David J Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Orbital Inflammation ◽  
Wide Range

BackgroundOrbital inflammatory disease (OID) encompasses a wide range of pathology including thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), sarcoidosis and non-specific orbital inflammation (NSOI), accounting for up to 6% of orbital diseases. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of OID can improve diagnosis and help target therapy.AimsTo test the hypothesis that shared signalling pathways are activated in different forms of OID.MethodsIn this secondary analysis, pathway analysis was performed on the previously reported differentially expressed genes from orbital adipose tissue using patients with OID and healthy controls who were characterised by microarray. For the original publications, tissue specimens were collected from oculoplastic surgeons at 10 international centres representing four countries (USA, Canada, Australia and Saudi Arabia). Diagnoses were independently confirmed by two masked ocular pathologists (DJW, HEG). Gene expression profiling analysis was performed at the Oregon Health & Science University. Eighty-three participants were included: 25 with TAO, 6 with orbital GPA, 7 with orbital sarcoidosis, 25 with NSOI and 20 healthy controls.ResultsAmong the 83 subjects (mean (SD) age, 52.8 (18.3) years; 70% (n=58) female), those with OID demonstrated perturbation of the downstream gene expressions of the IGF-1R (MAPK/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), adipocytokine and AMPK signalling pathways compared with healthy controls. Specifically, GPA samples differed from controls in gene expression within the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R, PI3K-Akt (p=0.001), RAS (p=0.005)), PPARγ (p=0.002), adipocytokine (p=0.004) or AMPK (p=<0.001) pathways. TAO, sarcoidosis and NSOI samples were also found to have statistically significant differential gene expression in these pathways.ConclusionsAlthough OID includes a heterogenous group of pathologies, TAO, GPA, sarcoidosis and NSOI share enrichment of common gene signalling pathways, namely IGF-1R, PPARγ, adipocytokine and AMPK. Pathway analyses of gene expression suggest that other forms of orbital inflammation in addition to TAO may benefit from blockade of IGF-1R signalling pathways.

scholarly journals The health profile of street children in Africa: a literature review

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Nambile Cumber ◽  
Joyce Mahlako Tsoka-Gwegweni
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Minority Population

The United Nations Children’s Fund has labeled street children as children in difficult circumstances, which represent a minority population that has been under-represented for too long in health research. This is a concern because street children are at risk of carrying a greater disease burden. Their homeless lifestyle makes them more vulnerable to health risks and problems than children who live at home; as they roam the streets begging for food and money to obtain basic needs and are found sleeping in half-destroyed houses, abandoned basements, under bridges and in the open air. This paper presents health results from a systematic review of literature from 17 databases and including 16 countries in Africa. The review revealed that there are more boys than girls living on the street in their adolescence and who mainly have left home due to poverty and abuse. These children in these countries are vulnerable to poor health due to factors such as homelessness, risky sexual behavior, substance abuse and violence. Among the health problems identified are growth and nutritional disorders, physical injuries, violence, sexual abuse, communicable diseases including diarrheal diseases, malaria, respiratory diseases, neglected tropical diseases, mental health issues, substance abuse, reproductive health disorders, mortality, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS. Primary interventions that could prevent poor health and improve the health status of street children include provision of safe shelter, proper nutrition, access to health care, health education, and sexual reproductive health, protection from any form of abuse, violence and substance abuse. Enforcing state policies and laws in all African countries is required to protect street children from neglect, abuse and to increase their access to education. More research on the health risks and health status of street children is still required, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, which carries the greatest disease burden and poverty.

scholarly journals Sexual behavior among Brazilian adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 116-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryane Oliveira-Campos ◽  
Marília Lavocart Nunes ◽  
Fátima de Carvalho Madeira ◽  
Maria Goreth Santos ◽  
Silvia Reise Bregmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
School Based

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the sexual behavior among students who participated in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2012 and investigates whether social inequalities, the use of psychoactive substances and the dissemination of information on sexual and reproductive health in school are associated with differences in behavior. METHODOLOGY: The response variable was the sexual behavior described in three categories (never had sexual intercourse, had protected sexual intercourse, had unprotected sexual intercourse). The explanatory variables were grouped into socio- demographic characteristics, substance use and information on sexual and reproductive health in school. Variables associated with the conduct and unprotected sex were identified through multinomial logistic regression, using "never had sexual intercourse" as a reference. RESULTS: Over nearly a quarter of the adolescents have had sexual intercourse in life, being more frequent among boys. About 25% did not use a condom in the last intercourse. Low maternal education and work increased the chance of risky sexual behavior. Any chance of protected and unprotected sex increased with the number of psychoactive substances used. Among those who don't receive guidance on the prevention of pregnancy in school, the chance to have sexual intercourse increased, with the largest magnitude for unprotected sex (OR = 1.41 and OR = 1.87 ). CONCLUSION: The information on preventing pregnancy and STD/AIDS need to be disseminated before the 9th grade. Social inequalities negatively affect risky sexual behavior. Substance use is strongly associated with unprotected sex. Information on the prevention of pregnancy and STD/AIDS need to be disseminated early.

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