scholarly journals Assessment of the Effectiveness of Implemented State Programs in the Healthcare Sector of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (42) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Aigul Orazymbetova ◽  
◽  
Galiya Sultanbekova ◽  

The aim: evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented state programs in the field of healthcare in Kazakhstan. Methods. The paper analyzes 4 state programs for the development of the healthcare system implemented in the years of independence of Kazakhstan and describes preliminary data on the program - "State Program for the Development of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2025". Results. As a result of the implementation of the state programs "Healthy Nation", the state programs for 2005-2010, "Salamatty Kazakhstan", "Densaulyk", maternal mortality decreased by 3,3 times, infant mortality decreased by 1,7 times, mortality from diseases of the circulatory system almost 3 times, mortality from malignant neoplasms by 1,4 times, mortality from tuberculosis by 8,4 times, as a result, life expectancy increased by 6,96 years and reached 73,18 years. Conclusion. Over the years of implementation of health development programs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, there has been a positive trend in indicators that characterize the health of the population, which in turn contributes to improving the quality and increasing the life expectancy of the country's population. Basic health indicators have been improved and health funding has been increased. However, despite these results, life expectancy and funding remain low compared to other countries. Keywords: state programs, strategic planning, healthcare system, Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-203
Author(s):  
A. S. Omir ◽  
N. A. Abilkaiyr

The article analyzes the level of health indicators to predict the state of this social system and create a certain vision. The list includes coefficients reflecting the general socio-economic situation of the population: the total number of births, deaths, maternal mortality, and mortality of children under five years of age. For a more detailed study of the situation in the health sector, the amount of funds allocated for this direction was also determined. Such ratios reflect the social and economic well- being of the population. Another key indicator of health is the dynamics of mortality from diseases. According to this indicator, the highest mortality in Kazakhstan is observed from diseases of the circulatory system, but nevertheless, the incidence has decreased, reflecting the effectiveness of the health care system. One of the main goals of the article is a correlation analysis of factors influencing the life expectancy of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Correlation analysis revealed positive and negative factors. While digital literacy and health spending are positively correlated with population life expectancy, the number of hospital organizations and the number of hospital beds showed a negative relationship. This study showed that the level of digital literacy of the population has a significant impact on life expectancy and lifestyle. This is evidenced by the fact that in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have used digital tools to isolate people from each other for safety reasons, thus influencing the overall lifestyle. Today, developed countries are rapidly digitizing the healthcare sector.


2021 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Vyacheslavovna Goloshchapova

The study is devoted to the analysis of the implemented measures in relation to the healthcare sector in the Russian Federation, which are designed to improve the standard of living of citizens. In particular, the state program of the Russian Federation «Development of Healthcare» is considered. The paper analyzes the quantitative statistical indicators that most representatively reflect the results achieved at the present stage. The aim of the work is also to identify how the Russian healthcare system is currently being transformed and what prospects are provided by the state. The purpose of the study: To analyze the process of implementation of state programs in the field of healthcare in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of their implementation. Materials, methods and conditions of research. The materials of the implementation of the state program «Development of Healthcare», the national project «Healthcare», the statistical yearbooks of the Federal State Statistics Service for 2018–2020, as well as statistical information from the databases of Rosgosstat of the Russian Federation were studied. Objectives of the study: to analyze and evaluate the state of ongoing transformations in the Russian healthcare system, by identifying the main directions of development, as well as analyzing relevant statistical data. Research perspective. At present, the problem of health development is more urgent than ever, and the problem is becoming particularly acute, against the background of the spread of the COVID-19 virus pandemic. For rapid response and elimination of hotbeds of infection, it is necessary to provide the population with sufficient basic parameters for providing medical services. Therefore, it is important to analyze how effective the actions of the state are to increase the ratio of the number of doctors to the number of the population. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the opportunities for motivating employees in this field, which are currently created.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Elena Shchegolkova

The article is devoted to the analysis of interethnic relations in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) against the background of the coronavirus pandemic. The study was conducted taking into account the methodology of monitoring studies implemented by the FADN of Russia. This material presents data that allow us to make comparisons with representative ethnosociological studies carried out in the RS(Ya) in different years, and to trace the patterns of development of interethnic relations. The article presents conclusions about the state of interethnic relations in the RS (Ya) in 2020. The results of the study allow us to speak about a benevolent interethnic climate in the republic: 75% of Yakuts assess interethnic relations in the republic as benevolent and normal. These indicators are close to the all-Russian ones. The analysis of assessments of interethnic relations in the settlements of the republic for the period 2015–2020 shows a positive dynamics. The interethnic attitudes of the respondents demonstrate a positive trend – 70–80% of the respondents expressed their readiness for interethnic interactions in the labor and informal spheres. The dynamics of measurements on the Bogardus scale demonstrates a steady reduction in the socio-cultural distance. The factors influencing the current trends in interethnic attitudes are highlighted. Negative assessments of the social well-being of the population affect the perception of interethnic relations. Those who are dissatisfied with their life and financial situation are more likely to assess the interethnic situation in their locality as tense.


Author(s):  
Davit Meparishvili ◽  
◽  
Manana Maridashvili ◽  
Ekaterine Sanikidze ◽  
◽  
...  

Assessing the effectiveness of the Georgian healthcare system in the modern period and conditions, takes into account the results achieved, as well as the main problems that hinder the effective functioning of this important field; At the same time, it is important to develop the main directions of their solution, where we consider the improvement of the state policy-making process during the implementation of reforms in the healthcare sector, which should take into account the state of health of the population, quality of healthcare services, results, health care; furthermore disease prevention, equality, financial provision, access to health care, efficiency, rational allocation of health care system resources and other key features of the health care system.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
A. V. Shved

The purpose of the article is to present the results of the author’s research on best current practices in studying the effectiveness of the country’s foreign trade (on the example of the Republic of Belarus) and wording of proposals for improving approaches to its statistical assessment.The author analyzes the traditional methodology directions to evaluate the effectiveness of activities of the national economic authorities by the state. The article provides some modern approaches to assessing the efficiency of foreign trade at the state level. Current econometric methods for estimating the efficiency of foreign trade which are not quite popular with domestic authors but are extensively used by foreign researchers are examined in detail. Based on actual data, the author conducted the analysis of foreign trade efficiency for the EAEU member countries using gravity models of foreign trade with dummy variables and the stochastic frontier method. The results indicate a positive trend in increasing the efficiency of foreign trade activities of the Republic of Belarus and Russia for the period from 2011 to 2019 with the other EAEU, CIS member states, as well as with Lithuania, Latvia and Poland.In the final section of the article, are formulated the directions for improving national statistics of foreign trade based on international experience in terms of its segment, which reflects the effectiveness of foreign economic activity.


Author(s):  
Marina A. Shurgaya ◽  
S. S Memetov ◽  
T. A Ivanova ◽  
A. F Karaeva ◽  
I. V Lyalina

Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, significant structural changes in the country’s economy, the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, which was accompanied by a deterioration in the socioeconomic status of the population, took place in Russia. This adversely affected the health of citizens. The health of the population has progressively worsened, life expectancy has declined, the population has been shrinking at an alarming rate. Since 2006, the dynamics of the main demographic indices in Russia is favorable. There is a tendency to reduce the natural decline in population. Life expectancy indices reflecting the state of health of the population and the death rate increased, reached 71.9 years in the general population in 2016 (among women - 77.1 years, among men - 66.5 years). The demographic situation in Russia is characterized by an aging population. In 2014, the contingent of the older generation (33.8 million - 23.0%) prevailed over the children population (24.7 million - 17.2%) and this ratio is maintained as of January 1, 2017: the population of children is 36 685 thousand people (18.3%), working age population accounts of 83 224 thousand people, the elderly - 36 685 thousand people (25%). The increase in life expectancy is associated with a gain in the incidence and disability of the population, among which leading positions of the disease are occupied by the circulatory disorders, malignant neoplasms, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and a number of infectious diseases. At the same time, the period of life, living with chronic diseases and restrictions in active activity, lengthens. The indices of the morbidity and disability rate of the population are a reflection of both the level of health and the quality of medical and preventive measures, as well as the state of social protection of a person with a health defect. A differentiated approach to the organization of preventive, curative and rehabilitation measures is important, both at the federal and regional and municipal levels of managing the health and social protection system. Health resources of saving technologies should be aimed at realizing an optimistic demographic scenario - an increase in life expectancy with a parallel increase in the number and proportion of years living in conditions of preserved health and activity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Gennadiy Tolstykh

The Object of the Study is a northern territory (the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya).The Subject of the Study the living standards of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya).The Purpose of the Study is to identify the most important problems of the standards of living of a northern region (by the example of the Republic in Sakha (Yakutiya)) and finding ways of their improvement.Methods of Investigation: analysis of the statistics and the data of the public bodies of the State administration on the issues of demographic development, changes in the dynamics of incomes of the population, subsistence minimum, life expectancy, etc. It is found that sustainable development of northern regions can be achieved by raising the standards of living of the population and this is one of the conditions for ensuring national security of Russia. More than half of the total area of the country belongs to the northern territories. The regions of the North give 60% of all foreign exchange earnings of the Russian Federation. The transition to market relations significantly affected the deterioration of the quality of the social infrastructure of the North. Over the past 15 years, all subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, except for the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya), have lost their population. The reasons for the migration outflow are the reduction of material incentives for work in the Far North. There is a limited access to quality medical, educational and cultural services.Thanks to the measures taken, in the period of 2002-2016 life expectancy increased by 7 years in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya), Khabarovskiy Kray, Amur and Magadan Oblast’s. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya) has a number of unresolved problems that are deterrent factors in raising the living standards of the population of the northern region which are a high cost of travel on vacation during summer season, a significant proportion of old and dilapidated housing in the general housing stock and poor quality of drinking water. To solve these problems it is necessary a support of the federal bodies of the state power


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-68
Author(s):  
Lyazzat Sembiyeva ◽  
Lyazzat Beisenova ◽  
Aliya Shakharova ◽  
Aida Zhagyparova

In the budgeting system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is focused on achieving results, a special place is occupied by state programs. A state program is a comprehensive document that defines the main direc­tions of state policy in the field of its implementation, which is directly linked to the development strategy of the state as a whole and the concept developing a particular industry. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, a state program is a strategic planning doc­ument containing a set of planned activities and interlinked by tasks, deadlines, implementers, resources, and public policy instruments that ensure—within the framework of the implementation of key state functions—the achievement of priorities and goals of state policy in the field of socioeconomic development and national security. In other words, a state program is an instrument of state regulation of the economy, ensuring the achievement of promising goals and objectives through the use of available resources. State programs are documents of an inter-sphere, inter-sectoral, and inter­departmental nature that define goals, objectives, and expected results in the priorities and strategic directions of the country’s development and are devel­oped for a period of at least 5 years in order to implement the higher docu­ments of the State Planning System.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrezza Marques Duque ◽  
Marcus Valerius Peixoto ◽  
Shirley V.M.A Lima ◽  
Marco Aurélio O. Goes ◽  
Allan D. Santos ◽  
...  

The process of population aging is a worldwide reality becoming a global public health challenge. Although population aging is especially noticeable in more developed regions, there has also been a significant advance in the quantity of elderly people in areas with unfavourable socioeconomic indicators, and a rapid growth in countries with a low level of economic development. This article presents an analysis based on spatial autocorrelation of the relationship between life expectancy and social determinants in a north-eastern region of Brazil. An ecological study was conducted using the secondary data of social, demographic, and health indicators of elderly people collected in the Brazilian Demographic Census of the 75 municipalities of the state of Sergipe. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated using the Moran global index and the local indicators of space association. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify the relationship between life expectancy and social determinants. The South-eastern region of the state presented clusters with all indicators pointing to acceptable lifestyles, whereas the municipalities of the north-western and far-eastern regions were characterized by values demonstrating precarious living conditions. The high dependency ratio, illiteracy rate, and unemployment rate among elderly people had a negative impact on life expectancy. The evidence confirms that there is an autocorrelation between social determinants and life expectancy, indicating that the worse the social, economic, and health indicators are, the lower the life expectancy. This finding indicates the need to redirect public policies and formulate strategies aimed at reducing social and health inequalities.


Author(s):  
А.М. Рахметова ◽  
Е.Г. Будешов ◽  
A. Rakhmetova ◽  
Ye. Budeshov

В статье обоснована объективная необходимость совершенствования государственного управления качеством жизни населения в Республике Казахстан, путем анализа системы показателей здравоохранения, которые оказывают влияние на его развитие. Авторами выявлен ряд нерешенных проблем на основе проведенного сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа основных показателей системы здравоохранения и предложены соответствующие рекомендации в части совершенствования механизма управления сферой здравоохранения, с учетом возможной адаптации передовой практики развитых европейских государств. Особое внимание авторами уделяется анализу системы здравоохранения Республики Казахстан, как важнейшему аспекту в государственном управлении качеством жизни населения страны, в частности таким показателям, как: естественное движение населения, коэффициенты смертности населения, уровень обеспеченности населения медицинским персоналом и инфраструктура, основным показателям финансирования системы здравоохранения – которые в комплексе позволяют обеспечить высокое качество жизни населения и устойчивое социально-экономическое развитие страны. При проведении исследования авторами были использованы статистические приемы и методы (сбор, анализ и сравнение данных). В частности, на основе анализа ряда показателей, используемых для измерения прогресса и достижения цели авторами предусмотрены ключевые национальные индикаторы, характеризующие качество жизни населения и результаты процесса государственного управления системой здравоохранения. Учитывая, что система государственного управления в Республике Казахстан ориентирована на повышение социально-экономического и уровень такого институционального развития, который не уступает уровню развития стран – членов Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития (далее – ОЭСР), авторами предложены рекомендации для достижения этой цели. This paper substantiates the objective need to improve the state management of the quality of life in the Republic of Kazakhstan by analyzing the system of health indicators affecting its development. Based on a comparative analysis of the main health system indicators, the authors identify a number of unresolved issues and propose appropriate recommendations for improving the management mechanism of the health sector, also considering possible adaptation of best practices of developed European countries. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the healthcare system of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most important aspect in public management of the living standards, in particular such indicators as: natural population movement, mortality rates, the level of availability of health personnel and infrastructure, core indicators of financing of the health system – which together ensure a high quality of life and sustainable socio-economic development of the country. During the study, the authors used statistical techniques and methods (data collection, analysis and comparison). In particular, based on the analysis of a number of indicators used to measure progress and achieve the goal, the authors provide key national indicators that characterize the living standards and the results of the public healthcare system administration process. Taking into account that the system of public administration in the Republic of Kazakhstan focuses on increasing socio-economic and the level of such institutional development that is well up to the level of development of the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (hereinafter referred to as the OECD), the authors propose recommendations for achieving this goal.


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