An experimental method to study the absorption capacity of paper towels

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
HOSSEIN ABEDSOLTAN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Arbitrary Point ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Paper Towels

This study proposes an experimental method for the in-plane liquid wicking to determine the absorption capacity of retail paper towels. Individual plies of the paper towels were tested to minimize the transverse wicking effects on surface wetting. The method involves arbitrary point source injection of liquid into the paper towel surface while recording microscopic images of the wetted areas as liquid spreads. The samples were selected from two main manufacturing processes: conventional wet pressing and through air drying. The tested liquids were water and decane with various driving forces. Two distinct imaging systems, infrared light absorption imaging and visible light transmission imaging, monitored and recorded the wetting process. The wetted regions were calculated to generate the wetting graphs, which illustrate both the dynamic and static wetting behaviors.It was found the amount of driving force has a negligible effect on the maximum wetted area formed on the surface.So, the maximum wetted area and the paper grammage were applied to determine the absorption capacity of the tested towels. Moreover, the absorption capacity results were validated by the basket-immersion test method (ISO 12625-8).Therefore, the proposed method in this work enables quantification of the absorption capacity of papertowels.

Measurement of the dynamics of fluid sorption for tissue papers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 417-426
Author(s):  
KONRAD OLEJNIK ◽  
JEAN-FRANCIS BLOCH ◽  
PAWEL PELCZYNSKI
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Fast Evaluation ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Liquid Absorption

Liquid absorption ability belongs to the most important features of tissue papers. Due to non-homogeneous internal and superficial structures, precise and fast evaluation of this property is challenging. The main aim of the presented research was to design an experimental device dedicated to the measurement of the kinetics of wetting phenomenon for tissue papers. The second aim was to evaluate whether it was possible to use image analysis for more precise characterization of liquid absorption properties of tissue paper. The obtained results showed that the method used, based on image analysis supported by gravimetric methods, proved to efficiently and quantitatively characterize the dynamics of liquid absorption for tissue papers. Supplementary parameters such as absorption anisotropy and in-plane velocity were obtained. Different experimental results were obtained for various tissue paper grades. Furthermore, water absorption capacity calculated from image analysis data correlated with results obtained according to the standard method EN ISO 12625-8:2010 “Tissue paper and tissue products—Part 8: Water-absorption time and water-absorption capacity, basket-immersion test method.” Hence, the presented device quantitatively characterizes and discriminates water absorption phenomenon for tissue papers.

ANTICORROSION PERFORMANCE OF SELF-HEALING POLYMERIC COATINGS ON LOW CARBON STEEL SUBSTRATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (7-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashraff Ahmad Seri ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Abdelsalam Ahdash ◽  
Mohd Fauzi Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Salt Spray Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Pure Epoxy ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
Epoxy Paint

Recently, self-healing coating is classified as one of the smart coatings which has the ability to heal or repair damage of the coating to prevent further corrosion. The aim of this study is to synthesize the self-healing coatings from polymeric material and evaluate the performance and their corrosion behavior when coated on steel substrates. The corrosion tests were performed using immersion test and salt spray test method at room temperature. The immersion test shows that self-healing coating gives lower corrosion rate compared to pure epoxy paint, with a value of 0.02 and 0.05 mm/year respectively. Also, salt spray test shows similar trend as the immersion test, which is 0.11 and 0.19 mm/year for self-healing coating and pure epoxy paint respectively. While uncoated samples without any protection corroded at 0.89 mm/year. It was also found that the damage on self-healing coating was covered with zeolite from the microcapsules indicating that the self-healing agent was successfully synthesized and could function well. In other words, self-healing coating shows better corrosion resistance compared to the pure epoxy coating on steel substrate.

scholarly journals Giant change in infrared light transmission in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 film near the Curie temperature

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 4403-4408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Sukhorukov ◽  
E. A. Gan'shina ◽  
B. I. Belevtsev ◽  
N. N. Loshkareva ◽  
A. N. Vinogradov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Curie Temperature ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Infrared Light

scholarly journals Adaptation of the tetrazolium test method for estimating the viability of sorghum seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Cristina de Carvalho ◽  
Camila Ribeiro de Souza Grzybowski ◽  
Osvaldo de Castro Ohlson ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Efficient Procedure ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
Direct Immersion ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

The tetrazolium test is part of internal programs of seed quality control because it allows a quick, reliable and accurate assessment of seed viability. The purpose of this study was to determine, among the various methodologies suggested in the literature, a practical and efficient procedure for carrying out the tetrazolium test in sorghum seeds, with a view toward a rapid estimate of their viability. Four seed lots of the simple hybrid Buster were used, testing two forms of seed pre-conditioning (direct immersion in water and between moistened paper towels); two types of preparation (longitudinal cut of the seed through the embryo with immersion of one of the halves in the tetrazolium solution or placement of the two halves on filter paper moistened with tetrazolium solution); two forms of staining (on paper and with direct immersion in the solution) and three concentrations of tetrazolium solution (0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%). The tetrazolium test may be efficiently conducted for sorghum seeds through pre-conditioning between paper towels for 18 hours at 20 ºC, with immersion staining of one half of the seed in tetrazolium solution at 0.1% for three hours at 40 ºC.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE EKSPERIMEN DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA KONSEP KALOR KELAS VII.1 SMPN 7 MUARA BUNGO

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
ASHARI LUBIS
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Mastery Learning ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Academic Year

This study aims to investigate the improvement students’ learning outcomes after the application of the experimental method in heat concept. The research design used was classroom action research with data collection techniques using observation sheets, tests, and student worksheets. The subjects of the study were students of class VII.1 of SMPN 7 Muara Bungo in the academic year 2019/2020 with 31 students. This research was conducted in three cycles, starting from October 28, 2019 to November 26, 2019. The results of this study indicate that the application of the experiment method can improve students’ learning outcomes in heat concept. Improved students’ learning outcomes can be seen from the average value, students' absorption capacity, and mastery learning from cycle I, cycle II, and cycle III. For the average value of students in cycle I, cycle II, and cycle III, are: 80, 85, and 88. For the absorption of students in cycle I, cycle II, and cycle III, are: 80%, 86% and 89%. As for mastery learning in cycle I, cycle II, and cycle III, are: 72%, 89%, and 94%.

scholarly journals The Durability of the AC-BC Mixture Using Stone of Baba Mount, Tana Toraja Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Cindy Pasilaputri ◽  
Alpius ◽  
Louise Elizabeth Radjawane
Keyword(s):  
Immersion Time ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Pavement Construction

Several factors that can affect road damage are excessive traffic load, temperature (weather), water, and pavement construction that does not meet the technical requirements. The durability of an asphalt mixture is the resistance of the mixture to the effects of water, water vapor, and temperature. A mixture with a high durability value provides a good mix quality and long-term use. The purpose of this study was to determine the durability of the AC-BC mixture using Mount Baba stone. The general specifications of Bina Marga in 2018 are the reference in this study. By using the standard Marshall test method, the results obtained through the Marshall AC-BC mixture immersion test with a duration of immersion time of 0.5 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 60 hours with a durability value of 95.49% - 86.99%. The increase in immersion time causes a decrease in the durability of the mixture.

Liquid exfoliated biocompatible WS2@BSA nanosheets with enhanced theranostic capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Haoyang Yi ◽  
Xinyue Zhou ◽  
Chaohui Zhou ◽  
Qingye Yang ◽  
Nengqin Jia
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Large Specific Surface Area ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Theranostic Agents

Ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) seem to have a promising future in the field of theranostic agents due to their excellent near-infrared light absorption capacity and large specific surface area.

scholarly journals The Various Oximetric Techniques Used for the Evaluation of Blood Oxygenation

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4844
Author(s):  
Meir Nitzan ◽  
Itamar Nitzan ◽  
Yoel Arieli
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Cerebral Tissue ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Arterial Blood

Adequate oxygen delivery to a tissue depends on sufficient oxygen content in arterial blood and blood flow to the tissue. Oximetry is a technique for the assessment of blood oxygenation by measurements of light transmission through the blood, which is based on the different absorption spectra of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Oxygen saturation in arterial blood provides information on the adequacy of respiration and is routinely measured in clinical settings, utilizing pulse oximetry. Oxygen saturation, in venous blood (SvO2) and in the entire blood in a tissue (StO2), is related to the blood supply to the tissue, and several oximetric techniques have been developed for their assessment. SvO2 can be measured non-invasively in the fingers, making use of modified pulse oximetry, and in the retina, using the modified Beer–Lambert Law. StO2 is measured in peripheral muscle and cerebral tissue by means of various modes of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), utilizing the relative transparency of infrared light in muscle and cerebral tissue. The primary problem of oximetry is the discrimination between absorption by hemoglobin and scattering by tissue elements in the attenuation measurement, and the various techniques developed for isolating the absorption effect are presented in the current review, with their limitations.

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