An Analysis of Santiago’s Character in Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea : A Saga of Indomitable Human Spirit

This article explores the epic story of an old fisherman and his experience at the sea that portrays the physical and emotional strength of a man called Santiago and will analyse his motivation to reclaim his lost reputation and dignity of not catching a fish for 84 days. Santiago confronted each day with poise and dignity for many days without catching a fish and was made fun of by many fishermen. He was called unlucky (salao) by the fellow fishermen. Hemingway illustrates the daring resolution of the old man through this tale. The story deals with the vital issues of mortality, hope, despair, and determination, where an old fisherman fights back against a huge fish to reclaim his honour and dignity. Ernest Hemingway rejoices over this heroic man who goes through life’s challenges alone with fierce courage and tenacity, exhibiting what Hemingway views as an indestructible spirit of man at its best. In addition, Hemingway reminds us about the human spirit and the importance of human dignity in our everyday struggle for survival. Hemingway compels us to acknowledge courage, tenacity, skill, expertise, and strength through this story. He recalls a tale of valour, daring, and heroism, of one man's struggle against his own doubts and about his success and failure, and his ultimate triumph. The novel brings forth man’s understanding of his own mortality and his power to overcome it. The objective of this study is to analyse the character of Santiago, based on the structural elements,using qualitative research.The primary data of the research is The Old Man and the Sea and the secondary data of the research are the other materials related to the study. The result of the study shows following conclusion.Based on the research the character of Santiago’s struggle displays the aptitude of the indomitable spirit of man that endures suffering and adversity in order to succeed. The story illustrates Santiago’s adventure and resolution, hardship and perseverance.

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“A Study on the Influence of Rewards on Job Satisfaction With Special Reference to Education Industry in Oman”

Restaurant Business ◽

10.26643/rb.v118i1.7620 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 114-124

Author(s):

Mrs Nithya Sambamoorthy ◽

Mr Subhash Kodiyil Raman ◽

Mr Bhraguram Thayyil

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Special Reference ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The Other ◽

Primary Data ◽

Other Hand ◽

Education Industry ◽

College Of Technology ◽

Main Factors ◽

Structured Questionnaire

This research is an examination and a study on the influence of rewards on job satisfaction of lecturers at Shinas College of Technology (ShCT). In academic industry, rewards are one of the factors that affecting job satisfaction of the employees and this will lead to affect their performance in their jobs. So, when rewards are more the job satisfaction will be high and when rewards are less the job satisfaction will be less. On the other hand, the age will not affect the job satisfaction. Previous research reveals that Job satisfaction is very important to success the industry and the rewards are the main factors which affect job satisfaction. The main purpose of this study is to know the influence of rewards in job satisfaction among the lecturers in ShCT. Moreover, this research attempts to identify how much rewards affect the job satisfaction in ShCT. For this study used two types of data which are: primary data and secondary data. The sources of primary data is the response from lecturers at ShCT. It is collected through structured questionnaire and distributed such to 60 respondents. Secondary data, collected from internet, books, journals, articles etc.

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Maqamat Tokoh Midah Dalam Novel Mekkah: Memoar Luka Seorang TKW Karya Aguk Irawan

JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA ◽

10.36722/sh.v5i3.388 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Siswoyo Aris Munandar ◽

Farida Nurus Sofa

Keyword(s):

Daily Life ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Reference Source ◽

The Novel ◽

True Story ◽

Primary Data Source ◽

Library Research ◽

Secondary Data Source ◽

Data Source

Abstrak - Aguk Irawan adalah salah satu sastrawan yang menggunakan sastra novel sebagai media dakwahnya. Penanaman pesan-pesan moral-spiritual penulis kepada pembaca melalui tokoh yang dihidupkan di dalamnya. Peneliti tertarik dengan salah satu karya beliau untuk diteliti yang kemudian terangkum dengan judul, “Maqamat Tokoh Midah dalam Novel Mekkah: Memoar Luka Seorang TKW Karya Aguk Irawan”. Novel yang terinspirasi dari kisah nyata ini menggambarkan tentang pengembaraan jiwa seorang perempuan dalam menemukan Tuhannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research atau penelitian kepustakaan. Adapun sumber data yang digunakan adalah sumber data primer yaitu novel Mekkah: Memoar Luka Seorang TKW, sedangkan sumber data sekundernya adalah beberapa karya Aguk Irawan yang lain dan juga sumber referensi yang terkait dengan penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang telah peneliti lakukan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa novel Mekkah: Memoar Luka Seorang TKW merupakan novel yang mengandung ajaran tasawuf. Aguk Irawan menyampaikan ajaran tasawufnya melalui tokoh Midah Hamidah yang terangkum dalam laku kehidupannya sehari - hari. Peneliti menemukan beberapa maqamat yang tergambar dari tokoh Midah Hamidah, diantaranya adalah: taubat, zuhud, sabar, syukur, dan ridha. Novel karya Aguk Irawan ini sangat berguna untuk digunakan sebagai media dakwah di kalangan remaja maupun masyarakat pada umumnya.Abstract - Aguk Irawan is one of the writers who used novel literature as his propaganda media. Planting the writer's moral-spiritual messages to the reader through the characters who are turned on in them. Researchers are interested in one of his works for research which is then summarized with the title, "Maqamat Tokoh Midah dalam Novel Mekkah: Memoar Luka Seorang TKW Karya Aguk Irawan”. This novel, inspired by a true story, depicts the wandering of a woman's soul in finding her God. This research uses library research or library research. The source of the data used is the primary data source, namely the Mecca novel: Memoirs of Luka of a TKW, while the secondary data source is some of Aguk Irawan's other works and also a reference source related to research. Based on the results of the analysis that researchers have done, it can be concluded that the novel Mecca: Memoirs of Luka of a TKW is a novel that contains the teachings of Sufism. Aguk Irawan conveyed his Sufism teachings through the figure of Midah Hamidah summarized in his daily life. Researchers found several maqamat drawn from the Midah Hamidah figures, including repentance, zuhud, patience, gratitude, and pleasure. This novel by Aguk Irawan is very useful to be used as a media for da'wah among teenagers and the general public.Keywords - Literary works, Novels, Maqamat, Spirituality, Hermeneutics

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UNBEATEN TRACKS IN JAPAN : LETTER I Tinjauan Women Travellers and Travel Writing

Jurnal POETIKA ◽

10.22146/poetika.v6i2.40167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Akmal Jaya

Keyword(s):

Travel Writing ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Theoretical Background ◽

Primary Data ◽

The Novel ◽

The Way

This research aims to show the influences of the power of discourse: genre, gender, and colonialism in Unbeaten Tracks in Japan by Isabella Lucy Bird. Some travel writing’s paradigms were used as theoretical background in this research, such Sara Mills and Carl Thompson. As an object of the research, the novel became the source of primary data. Another historical and cultural literary and also literary review of Unbeaten Tracks in Japan as secondary data. The result of the research examined that contestation of discourses implied the way of the author to preserve his stories.

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Analisis Ketidakpastian dalam Memanfaatkan Lahan Pertanian di Desa Sukasari Kaler Kecamatan Argapura Majalengka

Majalah Geografi Indonesia ◽

10.22146/mgi.32985 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Sudrajat Sudrajat

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The Other ◽

Primary Data ◽

Agricultural Land Use ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Scale Method ◽

Other Hand

Abstrak Petani dalam memanfaatkan lahan pertanian selalu berhadapan dengan ketidakpastian. Di sisi lain petani juga harus mempertimbangkan berbagai jenis komoditi yang akan diusahakan agar tidak gagal panen. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan: (1) mengindentifikasi jenis ketidakpastian yang sering dihadapi petani dalam memanfaatkan lahan pertanian; dan (2) menganalisis pengaruh ketidakpastian terhadap pertimbangan petani dalam menentukan jenis komoditi yang akan diusahakan. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan petani, sedangkan data sekunder dari beberapa instansi terkait. Pengukuran ketidakpastian dilakukan menggunakan metode skala likerts. Analisis data di lakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya keragaman jenis ketidakpastian yang selalu dihadapi petani dalam pemanfaatan lahan pertanian dan ketidakpastian tersebut telah dijadikan dasar oleh petani untuk mempertimbangan jenis komoditi yang akan diusahakan.Abstract Farmers in utilizing agricultural land always faced with uncertainty. On the other hand, farmers should also consider various types of commodities which will be endeavored that no crop failure. Based on the above, the research is conducted with the objectives: (1) to identify the kinds of uncertainties often faced by farmers in utilizing agricultural land for farming activities; (2) to analyzes the influence of uncertainty on the consideration of farmers in determining the type of commodity to be cultivated. The data collected consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interview with farmer while secondary data from several related institutions. Measurement of uncertainty is done using likerts scale method. Data analysis is done descriptively qualitative. The results of the study found that the diversity of types of uncertainty often faced by farmers in agricultural land use and the uncertainty has been used as a basis by farmers to consider the types of commodities to be cultivated.

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The Influence of Demographic and Herbal Characteristics on Purchase Decisions of Zingiberacea Familia: An Exploration in Kota Bharu, Kelantan Society

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1139.0982s919 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S9) ◽

pp. 1058-1062

Keyword(s):

World View ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Primary Objective ◽

The Other ◽

Primary Data ◽

Purchase Decision ◽

Green Product ◽

Other Hand ◽

Environmentally Safe

In Malaysia, for over a decade a product of Zingibereacea familia especially ginger are coming as one of the famous product in Malaysian market. The study brings out green product from Zingiber Officianale Roscoe (Ginger) among 100 respondents in Kota Bharu, Kelantan with a primary objective to search a response from the customer’s either this product can be presumed to be environmentally safe should be preserved as a medicinal plant and commercialized within and outside the country. In regard to the fact that “Green Marketing” is developed as a products that are presumed to be environmentally safe. The objective of this research was to determine usage profiles and some variables that influence the purchase decision of herbal medicine in Kota Bharu Kelantan, and (2) to evaluate the consumer’s response on the development of Zingiberacea Familia Based Product, either it can be a symbol of herbs that can be lifted as a health and beauty product in the preservation and preservation of Malay culture. Primary data was collected from the survey tabulated within the Kota Bharu society, and secondary data was collected from the available literature sources. The core idea of the finding are a world view is also a two-way bridge: A respondent shows a positive reaction that Zingibearacea Familia product could be be a symbol of herbs that can be lifted as a health and beauty product in the preservation and preservation of Malay culture. On the other hand, only age characteristic showed significant influence on purchase decision of green product from Zingiberacea Familia, on the other hand races, level of education and job sector didn’t show positive influence

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The Protection of Adaptation Rights to E-Novels Infringed by the Website in Perspective of Copyright Law

Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal ◽

10.32801/lamlaj.v6i2.273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 213-223

Author(s):

Inge Dwisvimiar ◽

Andhima Abdul Ghanny

Keyword(s):

Technological Development ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

The Novel ◽

Library Studies ◽

Directorate General ◽

Criminal Charges ◽

Website Content ◽

Legal Consequences

Technological development causes infringement to e-book copyright especially e-novel by copying and distributing it without rights for example that is loaded on the website. In line with that, this study aims at explaining and analyzing the protection of adaptation rights for infringement in the form of e-novels by the website in the perspective of copyright law; and explaining and analyzing the legal consequences of the use of the e-novels by the website on the adaptation rights of the creator. This research uses normative juridical research with the approach to applying the laws of UUHC and the case approach in the form of the infringement of the e-novels on the website in www.corongbaca.com. The primary data taken from interview and the secondary data obtained from library studies. The data analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The result of the study indicates that protection of the creator's adaptation rights from infringement of e-novels by the website in this case has not been realized because the creator who made the e-novel does not get benefit from the adaptation rights of the novel, namely royalties that are distributed based on an agreement with the website then regarding the legal consequences of using e-novels by websites on the author's adaptation rights, there are two consequences that have been carried out, namely: deletion of website content from www.corongbaca.com, and complaints to the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP), but there has been no follow up on the complaint. As for claims for compensation and criminal charges, the parties did not do so.

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OVERROTECTVE MOTHER IN JODDI PICOULT’S NOVEL, MY SISTER’S KEEPER

JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE ◽

10.30743/jol.v2i2.3075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 99-105

Author(s):

Nur Atikah Ridwan ◽

Zulfan Sahri

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Conflict Theory ◽

Primary Data ◽

The Novel ◽

Second Child ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

The Impact ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

The objectives of this study are to reveal the causes and negative impacts of overprotective mother’s attitude towards her child in the best-selling novel entitled My Sister's Keeper by Jodi Picoult, and to see how overprotective Sara Fitzgerald as a mother who has an overprotective attitude towards her second child. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with library study to find out the overprotective mother and how the overprotective developed by applying internal and external overprotective theory and mother's theory. The primary data used is the novel itself. Secondary data are books and articles relating to conflict theory. The results showed that there was a major problem that caused by Sara Fitzgerald as an overprotective mother and the impact of her overprotective attitude towards her daughter. There are two causes that Sara becomes an overprotective mother to her second daughter: her illness and her recovery and the impact towards her third daughter is lacking affection and suffering.

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IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP PARIWISATA BERBASIS KOMUNITAS DI DESA WISATA NGLINGGO YOGYAKARTA

Jurnal Master Pariwisata (JUMPA) ◽

10.24843/jumpa.2018.v05.i01.p07 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Rosdiana Pakpahan

Keyword(s):

Community Involvement ◽

Local Community ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Rural Tourism ◽

The Other ◽

Local People ◽

Primary Data ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Depth Interview ◽

Management Commitment

This study is carried out in Nglinggo rural tourism destination located in Pagerharjo village, Samigaluh sub-district, Kulon Progo regency in Yogyakarta. This research is aimed at revealing the application CBT principles implemented in the management of the rural tourism attraction as well as finding supporting factors and obstacles on the application of the CBT principles. This study also traces why such factors and obstacles occur. This research applies both qualitative and quantitative techniques in obtaining primary and secondary data. The primary data is collected by questionnaires, in- depth interview and observation, while the secondary data is obtained mainly from local authority’s website of Office of Tourism of Kulon Progo Regency.This study suggests that local people are aware on the importance of involvement in managing their village as an attraction. Meanwhile, supporting factors of the application of CBT principles are natural resources, local people cohesion, contribution to local people, local community involvement, existence of supporting institution, management commitment, and local authority’s support. On the other hand, obstacle found in the application of the CBT principles are education and people readiness.

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Lelaki Tua dan Laut Karya Ernest Hemingway (Sebuah Ulasan)

Nusa Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.14710/nusa.13.4.667-675 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 667

Author(s):

Mirya Anggrahini Nimpuno

Keyword(s):

Ernest Hemingway ◽

The Novel ◽

Human Spirit ◽

Fishing Village ◽

Fish Blood ◽

Characteristic Economy

Novel Lelaki Tuadan Laut by Ernest Hemingway contains many of the themes that preoccupied Hemingway as a writer and as a man. The routines of life in a Cuban fishing village are evoked in the opening pages with a characteristic economy of language. The stripped-down existence of the fisherman Santiago is crafted in a spare, elemental style that is as eloquently dismissive as a shrug of the old man’s powerful shoulders.Hemingway was famously fascinated with ideas of men proving their worth by facing and overcoming the challenges nature. Through his struggle, Santiago demonstrated the ability of the human spirit to endure hardship and suffering in order to win. It is also his deep love and knowledge of the sea, in its impassive cruelty and beneficence, that allows him to prevail. The essential physicality of the story – the smells of tar and salt and fish blood, the cramp and nausea and blind exhaustion of the old man, the terrifying death spasm of the great fish – is set against he ethereal qualities of dazzling light and water, isolation, and the swelling motion of the sea. And through it all narrative is constantly tugging, unreeling a little more, and then pulling again, all in tandem with the old man’s struggle.Structural analysis aims to describe (1) elements, characters, settings, and perspectives in the novel Old Man and The Sea, (2) the interrelationships between intrinsic elements in the form of themes, plot, background, character, characterization and perpective in the novel Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway.

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OTHELLO’S VERBAL DEFENCE: DISTORTING REALITY IN SHAKESPEARE’S OTHELLO

IJOLTL Indonesian Journal of Language Teaching and Linguistics ◽

10.30957/ijoltl.v3i2.452 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 133-146

Author(s):

Rizky Setyaningrum

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The Other ◽

Primary Data ◽

Defence Mechanisms

The study describes Othello’s verbal defences by means of Perry London’s Verbal Defences theory as reflected in William Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor of Venice. The study was a content analysis whose primary data were words, phrases, sentences and dialogues in the play. The secondary data were articles discussing the Othello, the Moor of Venice. Data were analyzed through determining Othello’s arguments on ego verbal defence mechanisms using Perry London’s Verbal Defences theory. This study revealed that three elements of verbal defences, namely, emotional insulation, intellectualization, and rationalization are experienced by Othello. They operate unconsciously and these mechanisms neutralize the upsetting impact of threatening ideas by distorting reality. In distorting reality, ego takes some extreme ways. One of those ways is “talking away” the anxiety stimuli as well as by the other means of obscuring and retreating from reality.

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