scholarly journals Optimization of Coagulation and Flocculation in Concrete Wastewater of Precast Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ni Iluh Permata Ariase ◽  
Temmy Wikaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Physical Parameter ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameter ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Parameter Values

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The population increase until the end of 2019 reached 267 million. This is in line with developments that support activities. This is inseparable from the actions of one of the precast concrete companies PT.WB Precast Plant Karawang in supporting development that produces waste in the form of wastewater. The parameter measured as a reference in carrying out processing is the Minister of Health Regulation Number 32 of 2017. This study's method refers to turbidity as a physical parameter, namely 25NTU and hardness total as a chemical parameter, which is 500 mg / l. CaCO3. <strong>Objectives:</strong><strong> </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the optimization of the use of PAC as a coagulant and flocculant to reduce the turbidity and total hardness and determine the optimum detention time of flocculation.<strong> </strong><strong>Method and results:</strong><strong> </strong>The sampling method in this study is observation. The population in this study is concrete wastewater with parameter values that are not in accordance with the standard.<strong>  Conclusion:</strong> By using PAC 10% the optimum doses is 140 ppm, and the optimum detention time of flocculation is 5 minute that can reduce the turbidity from 275 NTU to be 11.615 NTU or 95.7% and can reduce total hardness from 948.75 mg/l CaCO3 to be 491.25 mg/l CaCO3 or 48.2%.</p>

Simulation of the Transport of Ion-Exchanging Solutes Using Laboratory-Determined Chemical Parameter Values

Ground Water ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. Valocchi ◽  
Paul V. Roberts ◽  
George A. Parks ◽  
Robert L. Street
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Parameter ◽  
Parameter Values

scholarly journals Electron temperature in nighttime sporadic E layer at mid-latitude

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-I. Oyama ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
H. Mori ◽  
J. Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Physical Parameter ◽  
Langmuir Probe ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
Sporadic E Layer ◽  
Sporadic E ◽  
Parameter Values

Abstract. Electron temperature in the sporadic E layer was measured with a glass-sealed Langmuir probe at a mid-latitude station in Japan in the framework of the SEEK (Sporadic E Experiment over Kyushu)-2 campaign which was conducted in August 2002. Important findings are two fold: (1) electron temperature and electron density vary in the opposite sense in the height range of 100–108 km, and electron temperature in the Es layer is lower than that of ambient plasma, (2) electron temperature in these height ranges is higher than the possible range of neutral temperature. These findings strongly suggest that the heat source that elevates electron temperature much higher than possible neutral temperature exists at around 100 km, and/or that the physical parameter values, which are used in the present theory to calculate electron temperature, are not proper.

scholarly journals How to Make the Physical Parameters Small

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Parameter ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Green Functions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Positive Point

We study the evolution of the physical parameter values defined at the sub-planckian energies to values at low energies. The Wilson action is the basis of the research. The presence of the compact extra dimensions has two consequences. The positive point is that the integration over extra dimensions is a promising way to substantially reduce the parameters to be comparable with the observational values. On the other hand, the discreteness of the energy levels of compact extra dimensions complicates the analysis. This difficulty can be overcome with the truncated Green functions.

scholarly journals PENAMPILAN REPRODUKSI TERNAK SAPI POTONG DI KECAMATAN BINTAUNA KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA

ZOOTEC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Aikal Pohontu ◽  
Agustinus Lomboan ◽  
Jantje F. Paath ◽  
Siane C. Rimbing
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Reproduction Performance ◽  
Selection Of

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BEEF CATTLE IN BINTAUNA DISTRICT OF NORTH BOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY. This study was conducted to evaluate the reproduction performance of beef cattle in Bintauna district of North Bolaang Mongondow regency. Reproductive performance was studied to determine the productivity of livestock especially in population increase and availability of meat. This research used samples of farmer as breeder of beef cattle. The selections of village samples were determined purposively by consideration of the villages with the largest population of livestock including the villages of Pimpi, Kopi, and Bintauna. Selection of respondents using random sampling method involved 10 farmers for each selected village, with the total of 30 farmers as respondents. Data of the variables were analyzed using descriptive analysis model. The results showed that the age of puberty animal was 12.03 ± 4.81 months, service per conception was 1.19, conception rate was 73%, pregnancy period was 276 ± 2.53 days, and calving interval was 366 ± 3.21 days. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the reproduction of beef cattle in Bintauna district of North Bolaang Mongondow regency was categorized into good performance. Keyword: Reproduction performance, beef cattle, Bintauna district

scholarly journals Resolving the excess of long GRB’s at low redshift in the Swift era

2020 ◽  
Vol 493 (1) ◽  
pp. 1479-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truong Le ◽  
Cecilia Ratke ◽  
Vedant Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Parameter ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Star Formation History ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Energy Indices ◽  
Parameter Values

ABSTRACT Utilizing more than 100 long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) in the Swift-Ryan-2012 sample that includes the observed redshifts and jet angles, Le & Mehta performed a timely study of the rate density of LGRBs with an assumed broken power-law GRB spectrum and obtained a GRB-burst-rate functional form that gives acceptable fits to the pre-Swift and Swift redshift, and jet angle distributions. The results indicated an excess of LGRBs at redshift below z ∼ 2 in the Swift sample. In this work, we are investigating if the excess is caused by the cosmological Hubble constant H0, the gamma-ray energy released ${\cal E}_{*\gamma }$, the low- and high-energy indices (α, β) of the Band function, the minimum and maximum jet angles θj, min and θj, max, or that the excess is due to a bias in the Swift-Ryan-2012 sample. Our analyses indicate that none of the above physical parameters resolved the excess problem, but suggesting that the Swift-Ryan-2012 sample is biased with possible afterglow selection effect. The following model physical parameter values provide the best fit to the Swift-Ryan-2012 and pre-Swift samples: the Hubble constant $H_0 = 72 \, {\rm km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}}$, the energy released ${\cal E}_{*\gamma }\sim 4.47 \times 10^{51}$ erg, the energy indices α ∼ 0.9 and β ∼ −2.13, the jet angles of θj, max ∼ 0.8 rad, and θj, min ∼ 0.065 and ∼0.04 rad for pre-Swift and Swift, respectively, s ∼ −1.55 the jet angle power-law index, and a GRB formation rate that is similar to the Hopkins & Beacom observed star formation history and as extended by Li. Using the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxy Legacy Survey (SHOALS) Swift-Perley LGRB sample and applying the same physical parameter values as above, however, our model provides consistent results with this data set and indicating no excess of LGRBs at any redshift.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and Cyanophitic Variation of Ganga Sagar Lake, Jabalpur

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Preetraj Singh Patel Balendra Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameter ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Scientific Name ◽  
Temperature Water

The present studies focused on the Physico-chemical parameter and Cyanophitic diversity of Ganga Sagar Lake, Jabalpur. The physicochemical parameters like temperature, water temperature, D.O., pH, free CO2, Total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, chloride, phosphate and nitrate were studied to analyze the Ganga Sagar Lake, Jabalpur. The study area selected was Cyanophitic diversity has been done with scientific name in this Lake. In these studies, an attempt has been made to identify the taxa of Cyanophyta in Pre-monsoon, monsoon, summer and Post monsoon from July 2017 to June 2019.

scholarly journals Polyphase white mica growth in low-grade metapelites from La Cebila Metamorphic Complex (Famatinian Belt, Argentina): evidence from microstructural and XRD investigations.

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian O. Verdecchia ◽  
Gilda Collo ◽  
Edgardo G. Baldo
Keyword(s):  
White Mica ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Metamorphic Complex ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameter ◽  
Sierras Pampeanas ◽  
Kübler Index ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Parameter Values

Two tectono-thermal metamorphic events, M1-D1 (S1, with associated white mica and chlorite: WM1-Chl1) and M2-D2 (S2, with development of WM2-Chl2), are established from polyphase white mica growth for low-grade units from the Ordovician metasedimentary successions of La Cebila Metamorphic Complex in the Famatinian belt (western-central Argentina). The thermobarometric characterization of the M1 main event was carried out by means of clay-mineral analysis and crystallo-chemical parameter measurements. Epizonal (temperatures between 300 and 400ºC) and low-pressure conditions are suggested for M1 event, based in Kübler index values ranging from 0.23 to 0.17 Δº2θ, white mica b parameter values between 9.004 and 9.022 Å (mean of 9.014 Å, n=16) and Si contents between 3.13-3.29 a.p.f.u. Temperatures of ~180-270ºC are estimated for the M2 event, with Kübler index values ranging from 0.31 to 0.46 Δº2θ. The M1-D1 event of La Cebila could be linked to highstrain heating tectono-metamorphic Ordovician regime recorded in others complexes from Famatinian foreland region of Sierras Pampeanas.

scholarly journals The Optimum of Detention Time on Flocculation Unit Using A Laboratory Scale Prototype

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Regita Nurul Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Main Parameter ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Clarified Water

<strong>Abstract. </strong>Water used to meet the daily needs of human has different characteristics depending on the quality and amount of substances found in it. Turbidity can performance the quality of the water. The raw water used in this research comes from Kalimalang River. Coagulation and flocculation are one of the most important processes to remove the substances in raw water. Detention time is the main parameter for the flocculation process. <strong>Objectives. </strong>This research aims to find out the optimum of detention time in the flocculation prototype unit. <strong>Methods and result. </strong>Designing and assembling the flocculator lab-scale prototype using 20 cm of pipe diameter. Running the prototype and analysis the effect of detention time to the clarified water turbidity in 30 minutes of 1 Liter imhoff cone with raw water range 41-60 NTU in a long dry season. The result is the optimum clarified water turbidity is found in the 19,7 minutes detention time appropriate to the 41-60 NTU raw water turbidity range.<strong> Conclusion.</strong> The result shows, that the optimum detention time was obtained in 19,7 minutes for 41-60 NTU raw water turbidity range.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF THE PEK RIVER BASED ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada V. Petrović ◽  
Dejan P. Marković
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Danube River ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Oxygen Oxygen ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Iron Manganese

Levels of physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, sulphates, chlorides, temperature,turbidity, total hardness, iron, manganese, copper, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, total suspendedsolid, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and orthophosphates ) were determined in the water samplescollected from Pek River at 4 sample sites during 6 months. Monitoring was done at the source of river,on the border between the municipalities Majdanpek and Kučevo, on the border between themunicipalities Kučevo and Veliko Gradište and at the confluence of Pek into Danube River. Some ofthe physicochemical parameter values fall within national standard and WHO limits, some are not.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF GRADIENT VELOCITY AND DETENTION TIME TO COAGULATION – FLOCCULATION OF DYES AND ORGANIC COMPOUND IN DEEP WELL WATER

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Lindu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation

The treatment of deep well water of Trisakti University by coagulation and flocculation using baffle channel system has been conducted. The detention time of hydrolic were varied. The coagulant dose was varied as 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 ppm. Water of well sampel was added by coagulant with rotation velocity 200 rpm for 1 minute. The optimal coagulant dose was determined by measuring turbidity, colour, total suspended solids and organic compound. The result showed that the organic compound and colour of deep well water of Trisakti University could be reduced by coagulation and flocculation process by hydrolyc system. The optimal dose of the coagulant was 250 ppm. The removal efficiency of colour and organic compound using optimal dose for continuous flow reactor reached after water flow passed the reactor for 3 - 5 times detention time in the reactor. The optimal gradient velocity (G) was 30 - 35 sec-1 and collision energy (GT) was 65.000 - 79.000 to get optimal flocculation. With this condition, the removal efficiency of turbidity, colour and organic was more than 90%.   Keywords: coagulation, flocculation, colour, organic compound, deep well

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