scholarly journals CYBERSECURITY OF "SMART CITIES": SOCIAL ASPECTS, RISKS OF DEANONYMIZATION AND DOXING

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (159) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
V. Boyko ◽  
M. Vasilenko
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The City

The paper analyzes possible risks and threats posed by the transition from modern cities to smart cities. The concept and scheme of doxing implementation are analyzed. Moreover, the essence of deanonymization is revealed and threats to the privacy and security of smart city residents associated with these processes are identified. Furthermore, the reasons for the growth of doxing practice are clarified. The social aspect of the cybersecurity of a smart city is seen primarily in the increased risks of privacy disclosure, which can lead to deanonymization, which can later be used for doxing, cyberbullying, blackmail or social engineering schemes. This demands that personal data must not only be protected by reliable cryptographic and technical measures but also - where it allows by work tasks - be specifically or partially impersonalised. Also, when planning personal data protection in smart city informational ecosystems, it should be considered that such protection will be existing in the context of an overall eco-information system of the city. Therefore, the one's always set priorities balanced between data protection, identify threats, measures and mechanisms for their implementation and daily routine tasks of system administration. The article analyzes cases and schemes of deanonymization, shows the vulnerability of modern information and communication systems to obtain data that can be used by an attacker. Based on the analysis and taking into account the specifics of the functioning of information ecosystems of smart cities, the main recommendations for protecting data stored in information systems are developed and systematized, which will reduce the risks of hacking such data and minimize harm from deanonymization and doxing. Finally, the authors proved that deanonymization is a sequential hacking process, and doxing is a hacking process and publishing private information. Such information can be obtained by collecting and analyzing open ("white"), stolen ("black") and stolen by third parties, but conditionally freely available ("Gray") sources of information. With the development of the smart city infrastructure, the amount of information collected, stored and processed will grow. This will lead to an increase in the "digital footprint" of every user of information system, that is, almost everyone who lives in the city.

scholarly journals Sensors for Sustainable Smart Cities: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio A. Ramírez-Moreno ◽  
Sajjad Keshtkar ◽  
Diego A. Padilla-Reyes ◽  
Edrick Ramos-López ◽  
Moisés García-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
The City

Experts confirm that 85% of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050. Therefore, cities should be prepared to satisfy the needs of their citizens and provide the best services. The idea of a city of the future is commonly represented by the smart city, which is a more efficient system that optimizes its resources and services, through the use of monitoring and communication technology. Thus, one of the steps towards sustainability for cities around the world is to make a transition into smart cities. Here, sensors play an important role in the system, as they gather relevant information from the city, citizens, and the corresponding communication networks that transfer the information in real-time. Although the use of these sensors is diverse, their application can be categorized in six different groups: energy, health, mobility, security, water, and waste management. Based on these groups, this review presents an analysis of different sensors that are typically used in efforts toward creating smart cities. Insights about different applications and communication systems are provided, as well as the main opportunities and challenges faced when making a transition to a smart city. Ultimately, this process is not only about smart urban infrastructure, but more importantly about how these new sensing capabilities and digitization developments improve quality of life. Smarter communities are those that socialize, adapt, and invest through transparent and inclusive community engagement in these technologies based on local and regional societal needs and values. Cyber security disruptions and privacy remain chief vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Smart Cities, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Respect for the European Union Data Protection Rules

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Durán Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Union ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union

The importance of cities and their populations grow more and more, as well as the need to apply ICT in their management to reduce their environmental impact and improve the services they offer to their citizens. Hence the concept of smart city arises, a transformation of urban spaces that the European Union is strongly promoting which is largely based on the use of data and its treatment using Big data and Artificial Intelligence techniques based in algorithms. For the development of smart cities it is basic, from a legal point of view, EU rules about open data and the reuse of data and the reconciliation of the massive processing of citizens' data with the right to privacy, non-discrimination and protection of personal data. The use of Big data and AI needed for the development of smart city projects requires a particular respect to data protection regulations. In this sense, the research explores in depth the specific hazards of vulnerating this fundamental right in the framework of smart cities due to the use of Big Data and AI.

Dubai and Barcelona as Smart Cities: Some Reflections on Data Protection Law and Privacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Radwan Eskhita ◽  
Vijaya Kittu Manda ◽  
Arbia Hlali
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Shared Data ◽  
Data Protection Law

This study introduces a descriptive analysis to carry out the transformation of the Dubai smart city as a case study in the GCC region with reference to the Barcelona smart city. Furthermore, to investigate how the Dubai smart city will deal with the huge amount of the collected personal data through Internet of Things devices and applications. The theoretical analysis shows that the Barcelona smart city can be represented as an effective model, its innovations recommends to be used in Dubai smart city. The analysis founds that the classification of the collected data inside smart city to open and shared data did not provide sufficient privacy for personal data. Therefore, the personal data should be classified explicitly in order to be processed separately under the rules of the data protection law.

scholarly journals Smart City Technologies implemented in public transport in a post-COVID-19 pandemic scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Garcia Figueirôa Ferreira ◽  
Tatiane Borchers ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Souza Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Great Sense ◽  
One Year

With the global pandemic of COVID-19 completing one year, this paper intends to analyse the perceptions of public transport users about the implementation of smart city technologies. Two aspects were analysed, namely: the perception of safety regarding the use of surveillance technologies in the containment of the virus; and the perception of safety of the same technologies regarding data protection and privacy. After the identification and choice of initiatives in smart cities to be addressed, a questionnaire was prepared and made available online, in which 414 replies were considered for the final analysis, respecting the proportionality of the percentage of replies in each region to the respective population percentage. In general, technologies provide a great sense of security regarding the use of public transportation. However, they cause concern regarding data protection and privacy. From this result and with analyses in relation to the regulation of personal data, international experiences and the Brazilian reality were contrasted.

scholarly journals THE RIGHT TO THE CITY AND DATA PROTECTION: COMPLEMENTARY FOR DEVELOPING CITIZEN-CENTRIC DIGITAL CITIES?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Breuer ◽  
Jo Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

In digital cities, urban space integrates physical and digital worlds. Information and communication technologies, often controlled by private companies, become ubiquitous, not least to capture and process (personal) data. While private governance can reconfigure public values and relations between public institutions and citizens, the question arises who decides what cities become, whose interests they serve. This paper presents ongoing research about the Right to the City (Lefebvre, 1968) and the right to personal data protection, guided by a social constructivist perspective and the methodological framework of actor-network-theory. As part of a four-year research track, we conducted an empirical cross-case analysis of urban data processing projects affected by the GDPR. The aim was to answer the question of how ‘users’ of cities can be represented meaningfully in processes that shape cities by means of those two rights. To do so, we interviewed people directly involved in Belgian ‘smart’ city projects. The main results of this research show that the two rights can be complementary in fostering agency and protecting citizen interests in technologically enhanced, citizen-centric cities. Data protection impacts smart city developments, but true agency of citizens as in the Right to the City remains limited. We will discuss why especially interdisciplinary research is required to further understanding in this complex, cross-domain environment and to lower barriers to citizen inclusion in practice.

scholarly journals Tokenized Ecosystem of Personal Data — Exemplified on the Context of the Smart City

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Thomas Frecè ◽  
Thomas Selzam
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Access To Data

Data driven businesses, services, and even smart cities of tomorrow depend on access to data not only from machines, but also personal data of consumers, clients, citizens. Sustain-able utilization of such data must base on legal compliancy, ethical soundness, and consent. Data subjects nowadays largely lack empowerment over utilization and monetization of their personal data. To change this, we propose a tokenized ecosystem of personal data (TokPD), combining anonymization, referencing, encryption, decentralization, and functional layering to establish a privacy preserving solution for processing of personal data. This tokenized ecosys-tem is a more generalized variant of the smart city ecosystem described in the preceding publi-cation "Smart Cities of Self-Determined Data Subjects" (Frecè & Selzam 2017) with focus to-wards further options of decentralization. We use the example of a smart city to demonstrate, how TokPD ensures the data subjects’ privacy, grants the smart city access to a high number of new data sources, and simultaneously handles the user-consent to ensure compliance with mod-ern data protection regulation.

YOUTH EXPECTATIONS OF SMART CITY LIVING: AN IMPORTANCE- PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF YOUNG RESIDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES OF CITY GOVERNMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Jason Cohen ◽  
Judy Backhouse ◽  
Omar Ally
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
City Government ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
City Management ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The City

Young people are important to cities, bringing skills and energy and contributing to economic activity. New technologies have led to the idea of a smart city as a framework for city management. Smart cities are developed from the top-down through government programmes, but also from the bottom-up by residents as technologies facilitate participation in developing new forms of city services. Young people are uniquely positioned to contribute to bottom-up smart city projects. Few diagnostic tools exist to guide city authorities on how to prioritise city service provision. A starting point is to understand how the youth value city services. This study surveys young people in Braamfontein, Johannesburg, and conducts an importance-performance analysis to identify which city services are well regarded and where the city should focus efforts and resources. The results show that Smart city initiatives that would most increase the satisfaction of youths in Braamfontein  include wireless connectivity, tools to track public transport  and  information  on city events. These  results  identify  city services that are valued by young people, highlighting services that young people could participate in providing. The importance-performance analysis can assist the city to direct effort and scarce resources effectively.

scholarly journals Disaster Management in Smart Cities

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 819-839
Author(s):  
Luís B. Elvas ◽  
Bruno Miguel Mataloto ◽  
Ana Lúcia Martins ◽  
João C. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
New Research ◽  
The City

The smart city concept, in which data from different systems are available, contains a multitude of critical infrastructures. This data availability opens new research opportunities in the study of the interdependency between those critical infrastructures and cascading effects solutions and focuses on the smart city as a network of critical infrastructures. This paper proposes an integrated resilience system linking interconnected critical infrastructures in a smart city to improve disaster resilience. A data-driven approach is considered, using artificial intelligence and methods to minimize cascading effects and the destruction of failing critical infrastructures and their components (at a city level). The proposed approach allows rapid recovery of infrastructures’ service performance levels after disasters while keeping the coverage of the assessment of risks, prevention, detection, response, and mitigation of consequences. The proposed approach has the originality and the practical implication of providing a decision support system that handles the infrastructures that will support the city disaster management system—make the city prepare, adapt, absorb, respond, and recover from disasters by taking advantage of the interconnections between its various critical infrastructures to increase the overall resilience capacity. The city of Lisbon (Portugal) is used as a case to show the practical application of the approach.

scholarly journals Framework for Developing an Information Technology Maturity Model for Smart City Services in Emerging Economies: (FSCE2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10712
Author(s):  
Wilson Nieto Bernal ◽  
Keryn Lorena García Espitaleta
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
It Services ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The City

The goal of this research is to design a framework to develop an information technology (IT) maturity model to guide the planning, design, and implementation of smart city services. The objectives of the proposed model are to define qualitatively and measure quantitatively the maturity levels for the IT dimensions used by smart cities (IT governance, IT services, data management and infrastructure), and to develop an implementation model that is practical and contextualized to the needs of any territory that wants to create or improve smart city services. The proposed framework consists of three components: a conceptual model of smart city services, IT dimensions and indicators, and IT maturity levels. The framework was validated by applying it to a case study for the evaluation of the IT maturity levels for the city of Cereté, Colombia.

scholarly journals Smart cities and robotic technologies for a model of integrated growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Elena Laudante
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The City

The paper focuses on the importance of robotics and artificial intelligence inside of the new urban contexts in which it is possible to consider and enhance the different dimensions of quality of life such as safety and health, environmental quality, social connection and civic participation. Smart technologies help cities to meet the new challenges of society, thus making them more livable, attractive and responsive in order to plan and to improve the city of the future. In accordance with the Agenda 2030 Program for sustainable development that intends the inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable city, the direction of growth and prosperity of urban environments is pursued by optimizing the use of resources and respecting the environment. In the current society, robotic technology is proposed as a tool for innovation and evolution in urban as well as industrial and domestic contexts. On the one hand the users-citizens who participate dynamically in the activities and on the other the new technological systems integrated in the urban fabric. Existing urban systems that are “amplified” of artificial and digital intelligence and give life to smart cities, physical places that allow new forms of coexistence between humans and robots in order to implement the level of quality of life and define “human centered” innovative solutions and services thus responding to the particular needs of people in an effective and dynamic way. The current city goes beyond the definition of smart city. In fact, as said by Carlo Ratti, it becomes a "senseable city", a city capable of feeling but also sensitive and capable of responding to citizens who define the overall performance of the city. The multidisciplinary approach through the dialogue between designers, architects, engineers and urban planners will allow to face the new challenges through the dynamics of robot integration in the urban landscape. The cities of the future, in fact, will be pervaded by autonomous driving vehicles, robotized delivery systems and light transport solutions, in response to the new concept of smart mobility, on a human scale, shared and connected mobility in order to improve management and control of the digitized and smart city. Automation at constant rates as the keystone for urban futures and new models of innovative society. Through the identification of representative case studies in the field of innovative systems it will be possible to highlight the connections between design, smart city and "urban" robotics that will synergically highlight the main "desirable" qualities of life in the city as a place of experimentation and radical transformations. In particular, parallel to the new robotic solutions and human-robot interactions, the design discipline will be responsible for designing the total experience of the user who lives in synergy with the robots, thus changing the socio-economic dynamics of the city.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document