scholarly journals Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan ATP (Willingness To Pay) dan WTP (Willingness To Pay) dengan Keputusan Penentuan Kelas Iuran BPJS Kesehatan

2021 ◽  
pp. 426-435
Author(s):  
Indriani Syakhila Sudirman ◽  
Nurgahayu ◽  
Ulfa Sulaeman
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ability To Pay

Ability To Pay dan Willingness To Pay adalah dua faktor yang berperan dalam utilisasi pelayanan medis yang akan mempengaruhi pemerataan, pembiayaan kesehatan dan kepesertaan JKN yang masih menjadi masalah yang sangat penting karena cukup memberatkan. Berdasarkan survey pendahuluan bahwa adanya keterlambatan pembayaran iuran, hal tersebut berdampak pada ketidakpatuhan dalam membayar iuran. Ketidakpatuhan masyarakat dalam membayar iuran tidak terlepas dari kemampuan dan kemauan masyarakat untuk membayar iuran BPJS. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 100 Peserta BPJS Mandiri. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus uji chi square (α = 0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara ATP (Ability To Pay) dengan Kelas Rawat BPJS dengan nilai  (p = 0,786 > α=0,05) Tidak berhubungan. Sedangkan variabel WTP (Willingness To Pay) dengan Kelas Rawat BPJS dengan nilai  (p = 0,001 > α=0,05) berhubungan. Diharapkan pada peneliti selanjutnya sebaiknya meneliti faktor lain mengenai penentuan kelas iuran BPJS.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Ability to Pay and Ownership of Health Insurance towards Willingness to Pay Laboratory Services at Persahabatan Hospital, East Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siska Putri Utami ◽  
◽  
Yanti Harjono Hadiwiardjo ◽  
Kristina Simanjuntak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Background: Limited cost of health services, especially in laboratory tests for diagnoses, causes doctors to consider patient’s willingness to pay so the costs are spent more efficiently. Some factors which supposedly affect the willingness to pay are ability to pay and health insurance ownership. This study aims to know the relationship between ability to pay and health insurance ownership with the willingness to pay for laboratory services in outpatients at RSUP Persahabatan. Method: This research was an analytical observational research with cross-sectional design. Samples consisted of 70 outpatients at RSUP Persahabatan laboratory collected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variable is willingness to pay and the independent variable are the ability to pay and insurance ownership measured using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed by Chi-square. Results: Chi-square test results showed relationship between the ability to pay and the willingness to pay for laboratory health services (OR= 13.14; 95% CI= 2.76 to 62.49; p< 0.001). There was no relationship between health insurance ownership and the willingness to pay for laboratory health services (OR= 2.82; 95% CI= 0.85 to 9.33; p= 0.083). Conclusion: High ability to pay will lead to high willingness to pay, since their need for food has been met and they will shift to the need for health. The health insurance ownership does not affect the willingness of patients in paying laboratory service. Keywords: Ability to Pay, Health Insurance, Hospital, Laboratory Services, Willingness to Pay. Correspondence: Siska Putri Utami. Medicine Study Program, Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, UPN “Veteran” Jakart. Jl. RS. Fatmawati Raya, Pd. Labu, Cilandak district, Depok, West Java, 12450. Email: [email protected]. Phone: (021) 7656971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.18

scholarly journals Willingness and ability to pay for healthcare insurance: A cross-sectional study of Seven Communities in East and West Africa (SevenCEWA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. e0000057
Author(s):  
Oladimeji Akeem Bolarinwa ◽  
Soter Ameh ◽  
Caleb Ochimana ◽  
Abayomi Olabayo Oluwasanu ◽  
Okello Samson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Health Insurance Scheme ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
East And West

Willingness and ability to pay for insurance that would cover primary healthcare services has not been evaluated consistently in different African communities. We conducted a cross-sectional community health survey and examined willingness and ability to pay in 3676 adults in seven communities in four countries: Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya. We used an open-ended contingency valuation method to estimate willingness to pay and examined ability to pay indirectly by calculating the ratio of healthcare expenditure to total household income. Slightly more than three quarters (78.8%) of participants were willing to pay for a health insurance scheme, and just a little above half (54.7%) were willing to pay for all household members. Across sites, median amount willing to pay was $2 per person per month. A little above half (57.6%) of households in Nigeria were able to pay the premium. The main predictors of likelihood of being unwilling to pay for the health insurance scheme were increasing age [aOR 0.99 (95% CI 0.98, 1.00)], being female [0.68 (0.51, 0.92], single [0.32 (0.21, 0.49)], unemployment [0.54 (0.34, 0.85)], being enrolled in another health insurance scheme [0.45 (0.28, 0.74)] and spending more on healthcare [1.00 (0.99, 1.00)]. But being widow [2.31 (1.30, 4.10)] and those with primary and secondary education [2.23 (1.54, 3.22)] had increased likelihood of being willing to pay for health insurance scheme. Retired respondents [adjusted mean difference $-3.79 (-7.56, -0.02)], those with primary or secondary education [$-3.05 (-5.42, -0.68)] and those with high healthcare expenditure [$0.02 (0.00, 0.04)] predicted amount willing to pay for health insurance scheme. The willingness to pay for health insurance scheme is high among the seven communities studied in East and West Africa with socio-demography, economic and healthcare cost as main predictive factors.

scholarly journals A National Survey to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Conspiracy Beliefs, Acceptability, Preference, and Willingness to Pay among the General Population of Pakistan

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Muhammad Subhan Arshad ◽  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Khezar Hayat ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Participants

The current study aims to assess the beliefs of the general public in Pakistan towards conspiracy theories, acceptance, willingness to pay, and preference for the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire during January 2021. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was utilized for statistical data analysis. A total of 2158 respondents completed the questionnaire, among them 1192 (55.2%) were male with 23.87 (SD: ±6.23) years as mean age. The conspiracy beliefs circulating regarding the COVID-19 vaccine were believed by 9.3% to 28.4% of the study participants. Among them, 1040 (48.2%) agreed to vaccinate on its availability while 934 (43.3%) reported the Chinese vaccine as their preference. The conspiracy beliefs of the participants were significantly associated with acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The existence of conspiracy beliefs and low vaccine acceptance among the general population is a serious threat to successful COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Willingness to Pay for Outpatient Services at RSU Tangerang Selatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Farah Elena Astrilia ◽  
Yanti Harjono Hadiwiardjo ◽  
Gatot Soeryo
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treatment Experience ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
The Government ◽  
Information Treatment

Background: The government established a national health insurance program (NHI) to increase access to health services but the program is still not optimal, it affects the number of hospital visits and income. Therefore it required an analysis of patient’s willingness to pay out of pocket for outpatient services. The purpose of this study was to determine factors affecting patient’s willingness to pay. Method: This research is a cross sectional study involving 124 internal medicine outpatients at General Hospital (RSU) South Tangerang City in November 2019. Data were obtained from a questionnaire. Patient’s income, information, treatment experience, health insurance, distance to hospital, health service, ability to pay, and willingness to pay was investigated using chi square and logistic regression analysis. Results: The results outcomes showed that the level of willingness to pay of respondents is quite high and is influenced by patient’s income (p = 0.001), information (p = 0.045), treatment experience (p = 0.010), and ability to pay (ATP) (p = 0.001).  Factors that have the most significant associations were patient’s ability to pay (OR = 14,502). Conclusion: Patient’s income, information, treatment experience, and ATP affect the willingness to pay of patients.

scholarly journals Analisis Pembiayaan Kesehatan Keluarga Penderita Talasemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Arif Kurniawan ◽  
Arih Diyaning Intiasari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Need Assessment ◽  
Ability To Pay

Pembiayaan kesehatan sekitar 146 (60%) penderita talasemia di Banyumas, tahun 2011 ditanggung rumah tangga dalam bentuk pembayaran langsung (out of pocket payment). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ability to pay, willingness to pay, dan need assessment pembiayaan kesehatan penderita talasemia di Kabupaten Banyumas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitian 30 responden yang mempunyai anggota keluarga penderita talasemia di Kabupaten Banyumas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keluarga penderita talasemia mempunyai ability to pay rata-rata adalah Rp34.448,8/bulan dan rata-rata willingness to pay pengobatan talasemia adalah Rp133.833,3/ bulan. Pola pembiayaan kesehatan talasemia di Kabupaten Banyumas menggunakan 93,3% Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Jamkesmas), 3,3% biaya sendiri, dan 3,3% asuransi kesehatan. Sebelum mendapatkan Jamkesmas, 90,0% responden membayar dengan out of pocket, berhutang, berhemat pada kebutuhan nonkesehatan, dan menjual perhiasan/sawah. Kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan yang diharapkan keluarga penderita talasemia adalah konsultasi talasemia dan desain khusus ruang perawatan anak. Kebutuhan pembiayaan kesehatan keluarga penderita talasemia adalah uang transportasi ke rumah sakit sebagai bentuk biaya tidak langsung. Health financing of majority thalassemia patients, around 146 people (60%) in Banyumas year 2011 is assured by Households in direct payments to health care providers (out-of-pocket payment). This study aimed to analyze the ability to pay, willingness to pay, and need assessment of health financing thalassemia in Banyumas. This research an analytic observation- Analisis Pembiayaan Kesehatan Keluarga Penderita Talasemia Health Financing Analysis of Thalassemia Patient Family Arif Kurniawan, Arih Diyaning Intiasari al with case study design. This research used cross sectional approach. Sampling technique used simple random sampling. Total sample of 30 respondents who had had family members suffering from thalassemia in Banyumas. The results showed thalassemia families have an average ability to pay of Rp34,448.8/month and the average willingness to pay for the treatment on thalassemia Rp133,833.3/month. Health financing patterns of thalassemia in Banyumas district uses 93.3% health security, 3.3% personal costs, and 3.3% health insurance. Before getting health security, 90.0% of respondents performed out-of-pocket financing, get loan, skimped on nonmedical needs, and sold jewelry/rice fields to finance thalassemia’s health services. Health care needs that expected by thalassemia patient’s family is thalassemia consulting and special design of child-care room. Health financing needs of thalassemia’s patient family is transportation money to hospital as indirect costs.

scholarly journals The prospective COVID-19 vaccine: willingness to pay and perception of community members in Ibadan, Nigeria

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11153
Author(s):  
Olayinka Ilesanmi ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Afolabi ◽  
Obioma Uchendu
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Background The introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine necessitates the assessment of individual perception regarding the vaccine. This study aimed to assess the perception of community members and willingness to pay for the prospective COVID-19 vaccine in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire in September 2020. We studied community members aged 15 years and above using a multi-stage sampling technique. The perceptions of respondents about the COVID-19 vaccine were assessed on eight questions using the five-point Likert scale with a score point of “1” assigned for “Strongly Agree”, “2” for “Agree”, “3” for “Not decided”, “4” for “Disagree”, and “5” for “Strongly disagree”. During analysis, we reverse-coded the options by assigning a point of “1” for “Strongly disagree”, “2” for “Disagree”, “3” for “Not decided”, “4” for “Agree”, and “5” for “Strongly disagree”. However, questions asked in the negative directions were not reverse-coded during analysis. Eight questions were used to assess the perception of community members regarding the prospective COVID-19 vaccine, and overall, the maximum point was 40. Points greater than or equal to 32 points (80%) implied positive perception. Descriptive statistics were done. Chi-square tests were used for the assessment of associations between sociodemographic characteristics and willingness to pay for the prospective COVID-19 vaccine. We conducted logistic regression tests on statistically significant variables at p-values <0.05. Results The mean age of the 440 respondents studied was 37.22 ± 15.36 years, 193 (49.00%) were males, and 292 (67.30%) of the respondents had heard of the prospective COVID-19 vaccine. Among them, 232 (79.50%) respondents had positive perception regarding COVID-19 vaccine. Individuals in the fifth wealth quintile were ten times more likely to be willing to pay for the prospective COVID-19 vaccine compared to those in the first wealth quintile (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 9.57, 95% CI [2.88–31.82], p = <0.01). Conclusion The prospective COVID-19 vaccine should be subsidized or made freely available to everyone.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

Oscillation between identities and Subjective psychological health objectives among an informed audience in therapeutic patient education

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10202
Author(s):  
Sandrine Roussel ◽  
Alain Deccache ◽  
Mariane Frenay
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Patient Education ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Health Objectives ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: The implementation of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) remains a challenge. An exploratory study highlighted two tendencies among practitioners of TPE, which could hamper this implementation: an oscillation between identities (as caregivers versus as educators) and an inclination towards subjective psychological health objectives. Objectives: To verify whether these tendencies can be observed among an informed audience in TPE. Next, to explore the variables associated with one or other of these tendencies. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey by a self-administered questionnaire was carried out among 90 French-speaking healthcare professionals. Statistical analyses (chi-square, logistic regression) were then conducted. Results: Sixty percent of respondents displayed identity oscillation, which was found to be linked to task oscillation, patient curability, scepticism towards medicine and practising in France. Fifty-six percent pursued subjective psychological health objectives, which was found to be associated with health behaviour objectives and a locus of power in the healthcare relationship distinct from those seen in the pre-existing health models (biomedical, global). This tendency seems to constitute an alternative model of TPE. Discussion & conclusion: Identity oscillation and subjective psychological health objectives can be both observed. This study stresses the need to deliberate on the form(s) of TPE that is/are desired.

ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR IN UNWANTED PREGNANCY PREVENTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Arip Ambulan Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Adolescent Behavior ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Adolescent are at high risk of unwanted pragnency, including abortion, STIs, HIV/AIDS. Risky sexual behavior is one of the entrance transmissions of unwanted pregnancy. Such behavior can be influenced by various factors, beyond and within the individual factors. Teens need the support and motivation in deciding not to do risky sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of adolescent behavior in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.Methods: This research used cross-sectional design. The populations were students of senior high school in District Sintang. The were 123 respondents chosen by cluster sampling technique for this study. All data were collected using questionnaires and then analysed using bivariate (chi square) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression).Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents did not have good knowledge about the prevention of unwanted pregnancy. Related variable is the level of parental education (p=0.001), the support of parents/guardians (p=0.009), support teachers (p=0.005), peer support (p=0.039), residency (p=0.009), a pastime activity (p=0.000), knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health (p=0.016), perception ability of adolescents (p=0.006) and attitude of adolescents (p=0.049). Adolescent self-perception abilities are variables that most influence on the behavior of adolescents in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.Conclusions: Efforts to improve reproductive health programs should be early and adolescent have responsibilities as well as healthy behaviors.

Pengaruh merokok terhadap hasil clotting time dan bleeding time pada populasi laki-laki Fakultas Kedokteran UMSU

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Dhio Emerko Ginting ◽  
Fani Ade Irma ◽  
Sri Rezeki Arbaningsih ◽  
Siti Hajar
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

WHO telah menetapkan Indonesia sebagai negara dengan jumlah perokok terbesar ketiga. Ada tiga zat kimia yang paling sangat berbahaya, yaitu tar, nikotin, karbon monoksida yang terkandung dalam rokok. Hasil penelitian di Inggris menunjukkan kepada kita bahwa kurang lebih 50% perokok yang merokok sejak remaja mengalami kematian akibat penyakit yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan merokok mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang pengaruh asap rokok dengan proses kaskade clotting time. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel populasi laki-laki di Fakultas Kedokteran di UMSU yang diwawancara untuk mengetahui bahwa mereka merokok atau tidak, setelah itu, sampel diperiksa clotting time dan bleeding time. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan p = 0,000 bahwa ada hubungan merokok dengan clotting time dan bleeding time pada perokok berat dan sedang. Pada perokok berat dan moderat terdapat hubungan bermakna antara penurunan bleeding time dan peningkatan clotting time dengan merokok. Tidak ada hubungan antara clotting time dan merokok pada perokok ringan.

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