scholarly journals Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil as Protein Inducer in Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hairul Shahril Muhamad ◽  
Ismatul Nurul Asyikin Ismail ◽  
Nabilah Ahmad Alhadi ◽  
Salina Mat Radzi ◽  
Maryam Mohamed Rehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus

Protein production by bacteria might be increased in stressful conditions such as in the presence of antimicrobial agents. Many studies have proven that antibiotics or antimicrobial agents at low concentration are able to activate or repress gene transcription process in bacteria. However, there have been comparatively few studies on the potential of natural compounds in nature as a specific chemical signal that can trigger a variety of biological functions. An attempt was made to study the effect of essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus in regulating protein production by Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332. The bacterial cells were further exposed to the C. nardus essential oil at concentration of 0.02 % for 48 h at 37°C. The intracellular proteins were then isolated and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Proteins profile showed that a band with approximate size of 180 kDa appeared for the treated bacteria with C. nardus essential oil. An alignment of peptide sequences to the NCBI BLAST database revealed that B. subtilis ATCC21332 in stressful condition tend to produce intracellular protein recognized as respiratory nitrate reductase ? subunit enzyme. Besides, the extracellular proteins secreted by B. subtilis ATCC21332 after being subjected to 0.02% of C. nardus essential oil for 48 and 72 h at 30°C, were further analyzed on antimicrobial activity. The extracellular proteins secreted by B. subtilis ATCC21332 prior to enhancing with 0.02 % C. nardus essential oil at 30°C for 72 h exhibited antimicrobial activity towards two strains of bacteria, which are Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Protein Produced by Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332 in the Presence of Cymbopogon flexuosus Essential Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanina Mohd Noor ◽  
Hairul Shahril Muhamad ◽  
Ismatul Nurul Asyikin Ismail ◽  
Salina Mat Radzi ◽  
Maryam Mohamed Rehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Low Concentrations

Proteins levels produced by bacteria may be increased in stressful surroundings, such as in the presence of antibiotics. It appears that many antimicrobial agents or antibiotics, when used at low concentrations, have in common the ability to activate or repress gene transcription, which is distinct from their inhibitory effect. There have been comparatively few studies on the potential of antibiotics or natural compounds in nature as a specific chemical signal that can trigger a variety of biological functions. Therefore, this study was focusing on the effect of essential oil fromCymbopogon flexuosusin regulating proteins production byBacillus subtilisATCC21332. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of theC. flexuosusessential oil onB. subtiliswas determined by using microdilution assay, resulting 1.76mg/ml. The bacteria cells were further exposed to theC. flexuosusessential oil at concentration of 0.01 MIC for 72 h. The proteins were then isolated and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Proteins profile showed that a band with approximate size of 30 kDa was appeared for the treated bacteria withC. flexuosusessential oil. Thus,B. subtilisATCC21332 in stressful condition with the presence ofC. flexuosusessential oils at low concentration could induce the protein production. The isolated protein also showed antimicrobial activity against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions, Mosquito Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Five Species of Cinnamomum Growing Wild in North Central Vietnam

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do N. Dai ◽  
Nguyen T. Chung ◽  
Le T. Huong ◽  
Nguyen H. Hung ◽  
Dao T.M. Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
North Central ◽  
Mosquito Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Members of the genus Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) have aromatic volatiles in their leaves and bark and some species are commercially important herbs and spices. In this work, the essential oils from five species of Cinnamomum (C. damhaensis, C. longipetiolatum, C. ovatum, C. polyadelphum and C. tonkinense) growing wild in north central Vietnam were obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by gas chromatography and screened for antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activity. The leaf essential oil of C. tonkinense, rich in β-phellandrene (23.1%) and linalool (32.2%), showed excellent antimicrobial activity (MIC of 32 μg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans) and larvicidal activity (24 h LC50 of 17.4 μg/mL on Aedes aegypti and 14.1 μg/mL against Culex quinquefasciatus). Cinnamomum polyadelphum leaf essential oil also showed notable antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mosquito larvicidal activity, attributable to relatively high concentrations of neral (11.7%) and geranial (16.6%). Thus, members of the genus Cinnamomum from Vietnam have shown promise as antimicrobial agents and as potential vector control agents for mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Influence of Gemini Surfactants on Biochemical Profile and Ultrastructure of Aspergillus brasiliensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Koziróg ◽  
Anna Otlewska ◽  
Magdalena Gapińska ◽  
Sylwia Michlewska
Keyword(s):  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Cationic Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cationic Compounds

In this study, we investigated the activities of hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) (C6), pentamethylene-1,5-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) (C5), and their two neutral analogues: hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N-methyl-N-dodecylamine) (A6) and pentamethylene-1,5-bis-(N-methyl-N-dodecylamine) (A5) at concentrations of ½ MIC, MIC, and 2 MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) against hyphal forms of Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404. Enzymatic profiles were determined using the API-ZYM system. Extracellular proteins were extracted from the mycelia and analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The ultrastructure was evaluated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Both groups of surfactants caused changes in the enzyme profiles. Larger changes in the number and concentration of enzymes were noted after the action of non-ionic gemini surfactants, which may have been due to the 100× higher concentration of neutral compounds. Larger differences between the protein profiles of the control sample and the biocide samples were observed following the use of cationic compounds. On the basis of TEM analyses, we found that, with increasing concentrations of compound C6, the mycelium cells gradually degraded. After treatment at 2 MIC, only membranous structures, multiform bodies, and dense electron pellets remained. Based on these results, we concluded that cationic gemini surfactants, in comparison with their non-ionic analogues, could have a wide range of practical applications as active compounds.

scholarly journals The purification of a novel amylase from Bacillus subtilis and its inhibition by wheat proteins

1983 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Orlando ◽  
P Ade ◽  
D Di Maggio ◽  
C Fanelli ◽  
L Vittozzi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Wheat Protein ◽  
Wheat Proteins ◽  
Maximal Inhibition ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Amylase Inhibitors

A new alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) from Bacillus subtilis was purified by affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme, estimated from sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, was 93000, which is very different from the molecular weights of two well-characterized amylases from B. subtilis. Electrofocusing showed an isoelectric point of 5. Amylase shows a broad maximum of activity between pH 6 and 7; maximal inhibition of enzyme by wheat-protein alpha-amylase inhibitors is displayed at pH 7.

scholarly journals Hemolysin, Protease, and EPS Producing PathogenicAeromonas hydrophilaStrain An4 Shows Antibacterial Activity against Marine Bacterial Fish Pathogens

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Pandey ◽  
Milind Naik ◽  
Santosh Kumar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Crude Cell Extract

A pathogenicAeromonas hydrophilastrain An4 was isolated from marine catfish and characterized with reference to its proteolytic and hemolytic activity along with SDS-PAGE profile (sodium dodecyl sulphate-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of ECPs (extracellular proteins) showing hemolysin (approximately 50 kDa). Agar well diffusion assay using crude cell extract of the bacterial isolate clearly demonstrated antibacterial activity against indicator pathogenic bacteria,Staphylococcus arlettaestrain An1,Acinetobactersp. strain An2,Vibrio parahaemolyticusstrain An3, andAlteromonas aurentiaSE3 showing inhibitory zone >10 mm well comparable to common antibiotics. Further GC-MS analysis of crude cell extract revealed several metabolites, namely, phenolics, pyrrolo-pyrazines, pyrrolo-pyridine, and butylated hydroxytoluene (well-known antimicrobials). Characterization of EPS using FTIR indicated presence of several protein-related amine and amide groups along with peaks corresponding to carboxylic and phenyl rings which may be attributed to its virulent and antibacterial properties, respectively. Besides hemolysin, EPS, and protease,Aeromonas hydrophilastrain An4 also produced several antibacterial metabolites.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of the Spore Coats of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (4) ◽  
pp. 1443-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erh-Min Lai ◽  
Nikhil D. Phadke ◽  
Maureen T. Kachman ◽  
Rebecca Giorno ◽  
Santiago Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Spore Proteins ◽  
Spore Coat Proteins

ABSTRACT The outermost proteinaceous layer of bacterial spores, called the coat, is critical for spore survival, germination, and, for pathogenic spores, disease. To identify novel spore coat proteins, we have carried out a preliminary proteomic analysis of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis spores, using a combination of standard sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation and improved two-dimensional electrophoretic separations, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight and/or dual mass spectrometry. We identified 38 B. subtilis spore proteins, 12 of which are known coat proteins. We propose that, of the novel proteins, YtaA, YvdP, and YnzH are bona fide coat proteins, and we have renamed them CotI, CotQ, and CotU, respectively. In addition, we initiated a study of coat proteins in B. anthracis and identified 11 spore proteins, 6 of which are candidate coat or exosporium proteins. We also queried the unfinished B. anthracis genome for potential coat proteins. Our analysis suggests that the B. subtilis and B. anthracis coats have roughly similar numbers of proteins and that a core group of coat protein species is shared between these organisms, including the major morphogenetic proteins. Nonetheless, a significant number of coat proteins are probably unique to each species. These results should accelerate efforts to develop B. anthracis detection methods and understand the ecological role of the coat.

Application of metaproteomic analysis for studying extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge flocs and their fate in sludge digestion

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Park ◽  
R. F. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Protein Separation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Methanosarcina Barkeri ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Sds Page

Metaproteomic analysis, comprising protein separation and identification, was applied to study extracellular proteins in activated sludges and to track their fate in sludge digestion under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The complex sludge proteins were first separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and further analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to search their identification. Base extraction and cation exchange resin (CER) method were used to extract EPS from sludges at 0, 12 and 30 days of batch digestion. Several important observations were made during this study. Firstly, protein bands were well separated by extraction/SDS-PAGE protocol used in this study. Secondly, numerous protein bands remained after digestion, indicating that these proteins are not easily degradable in sludge digestion. Thirdly, protein bands detected following anaerobic and aerobic digestion differed, suggesting that proteins degraded in two different digestion environments are not the same. Finally, protein bands that emerged distinctively following anaerobic digestion was found to be subunits of methyl-coenzyme M reductase, the enzyme involved in methane generation, in Methanosarcina barkeri. These results demonstrated that metaproteomic investigation on activated sludge EPS is useful for studying floc formation in activated sludges and their degradation in various digestion environments.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Lippia Thymoide essential oil in oral pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e210219
Author(s):  
Tabata Resque Beckmann Carvalho ◽  
Erich Brito Tanaka ◽  
Amujacy Tavares Vilhena ◽  
Paula Cristina Rodrigues Frade ◽  
Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Aim: This study evaluated the chemical composition of Lippia thymoides (Lt) essential oil and its antimicrobial activity against fungal strains of Candida albicans (Ca) and Gram-negative bacteria Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). Methods: Lt essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation apparatus with a modified Clevenger extension. The chemical analysis was analyzed by gas phase chromatography and mass spectrometry on Shimadzu QP 2010 plus. Sample sensitivity evaluation was performed by ABHb-inoculum and culture plates were developed with triphenyltetrazolium chloride, also Fn and Pi samples analysis were in anaerobic environment and Ca sample analysis was performed in aerobic environment. The minimum inhibitory concentration (CIM) was determinated by microdilution in eppendorfs tubes. Results: The chemical analysis showed that Thymol (59,91%) is the main compound found in Lt essential oil, also other antifungal and antimicrobial agents were present γ-terpinene (8.16%), p-cymene (7.29%) and β-caryophyllene (4.49%), Thymol is a central ingredient of many medicinal plants and has a potent fungicidal, bactericidal and antioxidant activity, it has been previously shown to have anti-inflammatory activity against Periodontal Disease (PD) cause can reduces prostanoids, interleukins, leukotrienes levels in periodontium. CIM result Pi was 6.5 μg/mL, Fn was 1.5 μg/mL and Ca was 0.19 μg/mL. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of L. thymoides, through the compound Thymol, has been shown promising potential against gram-negative periodontopathogenic bacteria and fungi whose therapeutic arsenal is still very restricted.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Using Molecular Markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend A. Hamedo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Rosemary Essential Oil

Technological application of essential oils, as natural antimicrobial agents, to reduce the effect of pathogenic microorganisms, requires new methods of detection. The present work evaluated the parameters of antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on two pathogenic strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The MBC and MIC values were of 2.5, 25 μl ml-1, and values of 1.25 and 5 μl ml-1 for the two strains respectively. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for its potential to establish antimicrobial effect of rosemary essential oil. For the preliminary assessment, this study compared the effects occurring at molecular levels in E. coli and Staph. aureus exposed to rosemary essential oil at the MIC concentrations for the two organisms. The qualitative modifications arising in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles as a measure of DNA effects were compared with control which showed many differences. In conclusion, the measurement of parameters at molecular levels is valuable for investigating the specific effects of agents interacting with DNA.

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