scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial potentials of Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf extract against some pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Kallol ◽  
N. J. Pinky ◽  
Asaduzzaman ◽  
B. K. Das ◽  
M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay

Background: The herb, P. hysterophorus L. has been used in folk medicine for many years to treat neurological disorders, inflammation, fever and malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of P. hysterophorus L. leaf extracts against some pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacterial strains. Methods: Methanol and chloroform extracts of P. hysterophorus L. leaf were applied against pathogenic Vibrio (V.) parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, Escherichia coli 0157 ATCC 43894, Sarcina (S.) lutea IFO 3232) and nonpathogenic Bacillus (B.) subtilis IFO 3026 strains by agar well diffusion assay. Visible zones of inhibition were measured. Results: The methanol and chloroform extracts of P. hysterophorus leaf exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against all three pathogenic (V. parahaemolyticus, E. coli 0157, S. lutea) and nonpathogenic (B. subtilis) bacterial strains. Chloroform solvent extract of P. hysterophorus leaves showed highest zone of inhibition (23 mm) against gram positive pathogenic S. lutea and methanolic leaf extract showed highest zone of inhibition (26 mm) against B. subtilis. The lowest zone of inhibition was observed for gram negative pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in the response of methanolic (9 mm) and the chloroform (10mm) leaf extract. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that, leaf extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus L. could be a potential source of antibacterial agents to cope with antibiotic resistance and new drug discovery.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (l.) Del Plant on Some Selected Clinical Human Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
G. C. Ezemokwe ◽  
J. C. Aguiyi ◽  
F. P. Chollom
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Balanites aegyptiaca plant was investigated on five selected clinical common human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli, in vitro. The phytochemical screening, susceptibility testing and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, steroids, tannins, and carbohydrates in varying concentrations. Ethanolic leaf extract was more effective. The extracts inhibited the growth of isolates with increasing concentrations, ranging from 8-12 mm zones of inhibitions, showing the susceptibility of the test organisms. S. dysentriae had the highest susceptibility for both extracts with 12 mm and 13 mm zones of inhibition for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively at the highest concentration of 400 mg/ml. S. aureus showed the least susceptibility with 8 mm for aqueous extract while S. typhimurium showed the least susceptibility for the ethanolic extract with 9mm zones of inhibition. The analysis of variance results on zones of inhibition revealed a significant difference for both extract treatments, concentrations, and interactions between the treatments and concentrations. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations determined from the corresponding concentration-response curves showed that S. dysentriae had the least value of 79.433 mg/ml while the aqueous extracts against S. aureus and S. typhimurium were the largest with 125.893 mg/ml value. The activity index and activity were also deduced to measure activity. The antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of B. aegyptiaca on bacteria of the tested isolates have been established in this study and justify the claims by the traditional healers in its use to treat infectious diseases.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF SENNA TORA (L.) ROXB

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Subramanian Manimaran ◽  
Kadirvelmurugan Venkatachalam ◽  
Gandhimaniyan Krishnan ◽  
Ambedkar Govindasamy ◽  
Vijayakumar Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plants have always been an important source of medicines since ancient times and seventy percent of the worldwide population still relies on one or other forms of traditional plant based medicine. Plant items have been essential for phytomedicines since days of yore. These can be derived from any part of the plants like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. The present exploration has been conducted in the leaf of Senna tora performing various phytochemical tests to identify the secondary metabolites present in it such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates. The maximum phenolic content was presented in methanol solvents 1.41 ± 0.44 and lowest content was presented in petroleum ether extract 0.17 ± 0.21. Antibacterial activity were estimated and evaluated by using different types of extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus thuriengensis and Staphylococcus. Among these the maximum antibacterial activity (Zone of inhibition 19.0 mm) shown against Klebsiella pneumoniae in the extract of Petroleum ether. The minimum antibacterial activity observed (Zone of inhibition 11.0 mm) against Staphylococcus ceureus in extract of Ethanol extract of Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Keywords: Senna tora (L.), phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, bacterial strains

STUDY ON PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ZIZIPHUS XYLOPYRUS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
U. S. Mishra ◽  
◽  
P. N Murthy ◽  
A. K. Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The present study focuses on, screening the anti-bacterial activities of methanol and chloroform extracts of the dried stem barks of Ziziphus xylopyrus. The anti-bacterial activities were evaluated against fifteen different bacterial strains by detecting minimum inhibitory concentration and zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were compared with control and zones of inhibition (ZOI) were compared with standard ciprofloxacin at concentration of 100 and 200 μg/mL. Among the two extracts, the methanolic extract showed better antibacterial activity compared to chloroform extract . The MIC values for different bacterial strains obtained were within the range of 100-300 μg/mL. The ZOI values showed that there was a little differences in the ZOI values between the standard and methanol extract within the range of 0.5 to 1mm. This was comparable with the standard drug. Anatomical, proximate analysis and chromatographic studies were also carried out to fulfill the botanical quality control standards.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Phyto-constituents and the Antibacterial Activity of Burkea africana against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
S. Zengeni ◽  
J. Chifamba ◽  
I. Mutingwende ◽  
T. Manyarara
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli

Bacterial skin infections are common in the tropics and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains has complicated treatment outcomes especially in immune compromised patients. This study focused on determining the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant, Burkea Africana, which has been used for decades to treat various ailments in Southern Africa. Phyto-constituent determination and antibacterial assay was carried out on the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Burkea Africana. The Agar well diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of both extracts. Activity was measured against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis using ciprofloxacin as the standard. For both extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, tannins, saponins and carbohydrates. The 70% hydro-ethanolic extract however revealed more phyto-constituents including flavonoids and alkaloids. For both extracts antibacterial activity was comparable to the standard. The highest zone of inhibition recorded for the water extract was 22±0.4 mm at 500 mg/ml for E. coli while the standard, Ciprofloxacin had a zone of inhibition of 25±0.33 mm. The ethanolic extract showed higher antibacterial efficacy when compared to ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. The zone of inhibition for the 70% ethanolic extract was 25.4±0.50 mm and that of the standard was 27±0.48 mm. Antibacterial activity was generally higher in the ethanolic extract than the water extract. It is therefore concluded that B. africana exhibits antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF IPOMOEA INDICA PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Seenu Yuvarani ◽  
Selvam .
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Leaf

Objective: The objective of this study was to phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of the Ipomoea indica plant leaves extracts.Methods: The crude powder of the plant leaf samples of I. indica was extracted using methanol and aqueous solvents and subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis. The antibacterial activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts was tested at different for concentrations. The extract was tested against bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycoside, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids and tannins in the solvent extract. The antibacterial activity was performed by using the disc diffusion method, where the largest zone of inhibition was obtained with aqueous extract 75µ concentration against Salmonella typhi (26 mm). The antibacterial activity was compared with the standard antibiotics like Streptomycin.Conclusion: This study suggests that the aqueous extract of the I. indica leaves possesses bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains, which can be used to formulate new antibacterial drugs for disease control.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. (carqueja) against bacteria of medical interest

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álan Alex Aleixo ◽  
Karina Marjorie Silva Herrera ◽  
Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro ◽  
Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Lima ◽  
Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
Baccharis Trimera ◽  
Medical Interest

Baccharis trimera (Less.) (Asteraceae), popularly know as "carqueja", is a species commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment or prevention of diseases. In this context, the purpose of this work was to study the antibacterial activity of crude hydroalcoholic extract from Baccharis trimera against Gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC 15305, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli EHEC ATCC 43895, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430) of clinical interest. Antibacterial susceptibility was evaluated by broth microdilution assay following the CLSI (formerly the NCCLS) guidelines. The extract from B. trimera showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and the most interesting result was obtained against S. epidermidis that presented Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of 250μg/mL. These results indicate that B. trimera have bacterisostatic potential against Gram-positive bacterial strains of medical interest and could serve as a base for further studies on the use of isolated compounds from this species as future antimicrobials.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI – A HIGHLY MEDICINAL PLANT IN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Dhanapaul Vinoth Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Antibacterial Study ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Swietenia mahagoni leaf extract. The leaf extract was subjected to a variety of phytochemical analysis. The qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presence of common phytocompounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, flavanoids, terpenoids and volatile oils as major active constituents. The plant (Swietenia mahagoni) leaf has valuable medicinal uses, hence petroleum ether (18.2g) was found to be a good solvent for the phytochemical and antibacterial study. Similarly, the Methanolic leaf extract of Swietenia mahagoni has highest zone of inhibition on Bacillus subtilis.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC RHIZOME EXTRACT OF ALPINIA CALCARATA ROSC. (ZINGIBERACEAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Arumugasamy K ◽  
Nantha Kumar R ◽  
Abdul Kaffoor H ◽  
Shalimol A
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

The methanolic rhizome extract of A. calcarata was evaluated for its antibacterial activities against five bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella paratyphi, Bacillus thurungiensis and Staphylococcus faccealis. The extract has inhibited all the tested bacterial species with different manner at various concentration. However the higher level zone of inhibition in 400 (mg/ml) is significant against all the above said bacterial strains of these Salmonella paratyphi. Based on the present study it can be conculuded that the plant rhizome possess potent anti bacterial activity.

scholarly journals The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Murni Halim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

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