scholarly journals Menstrual Dysfunction in Teens

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
New Period ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Physical Changes

The first menstruation marks the moment in which a girl enters a completely new period of life and transforms into a woman biologically capable of achieving pregnancy and childbirth. By the time of maturation, puberty, in the girls between the 8th and 13th, it is coming to the so-called axial maturity - hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary. This period is often recognized by intense physical changes, i.e. by the development of the so-called secondary bodily traits - growth, body-shaped changes in girls, breast growth, hair growth on the vulva, and hair growth on axillary pits along with the first menstruation - menarche. The menstrual cycle includes the essence of women’s reproductive life - the ability to achieve pregnancy and childbirth.

scholarly journals Elastic Simulation of Joints with Particle-Based Fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6900
Author(s):  
Su-Kyung Sung ◽  
Sang-Won Han ◽  
Byeong-Seok Shin
Keyword(s):  
Principal Stress ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Yield Condition ◽  
Maximum Principal Stress ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Elastic Simulation

Skinning, which is used in skeletal simulations to express the human body, has been weighted between bones to enable muscle-like motions. Weighting is not a form of calculating the pressure and density of muscle fibers in the human body. Therefore, it is not possible to express physical changes when external forces are applied. To express a similar behavior, an animator arbitrarily customizes the weight values. In this study, we apply the kernel and pressure-dependent density variations used in particle-based fluid simulations to skinning simulations. As a result, surface tension and elasticity between particles are applied to muscles, indicating realistic human motion. We also propose a tension yield condition that reflects Tresca’s yield condition, which can be easily approximated using the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the principal stress to simulate the tension limit of the muscle fiber. The density received by particles in the kernel is assumed to be the principal stress. The difference is calculated by approximating the moment of greatest force to the maximum principal stress and the moment of least force to the minimum principal stress. When the density of a particle increases beyond the yield condition, the object is no longer subjected to force. As a result, one can express realistic muscles.

scholarly journals Age at Menarche and Menstrual Pattern of Elementary School Students in Medan

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Nurdiani Nurdiani ◽  
Evi Kamelia ◽  
Rusdi Andid ◽  
Ani Ariani ◽  
Hakimi Hakimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
School Students ◽  
Sexual Counseling ◽  
The Moment

This study aimed to determine the age at menarche and its influencing factors and the pattern of menstrual cycles in elementary school students in Medan. Subjects were 227 female students in six primary schools (private and government) in Medan municipal, during October until November 1995. Most students experienced menarche in government primary school (GPS: 35.8%) and private primary school (PPS: 24%), at the age of 10-12 years. The mean age at menarche of these students in government primary school was 11.41 (SD 0.95) years while in private primary school it was 10.65 (SD 0.78) years. Subjects who had had menarche had better nutritional status than who had not (p<0.001). Sports activities are also associated with age at menarche (p<0.001). On the other hand family's economical status and maternal age at menarche were not significantly associated with age at menarche (p>0.05). Most students who had had menarche had regular menstrual cycle; the duration of menarche was 4-6 days for GPS and 3 days for PPS. Dysmenorrhea was a common finding in the first three months of menstruation cycle but gradually diminishing with time. The duration of menstrual cycle was 25-34 days. These findings are useful as a guide for the parents, especially when mothers planning the best time/ the moment to discuss about reproduction and sexual counseling with her daughter.

The menopausal transition: endocrinological and epidemiological considerations

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (S6) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry M. Sherman ◽  
Robert B. Wallace ◽  
Alan E. Treloar
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Basal Body Temperature ◽  
Simple Analysis ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Length ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Human Menstrual Cycle

The human menstrual cycle is characterized by a series of dynamic hormonal relationships that result in the regular maturation of ovarian follicles, ovulation and corpus luteum formation. As methodology has changed and improved, it has become possible to examine these events in greater detail. The simple analysis of menstrual cycle length, when done with care in a large number of women over long time spans, has revealed much about the fundamental biological rhythm of the menstrual cycle. Of particular interest are the predictable changes in cycle length and variability that occur at different stages of reproductive life (Treloar et al., 1967; Vollman, 1977). Basal body temperature records add another dimension to the analyses of menstrual cycle length because they permit estimation of the length of the pre- and post-ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle and provide some index of the integrity of corpus luteum function.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF METABOLIC PROCESSES IN THE FORMATION OF MENSTRUAL FUNCTION DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH OBESITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4(42)) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
A. Borshuliak ◽  
O. Andriets ◽  
A. Andriets ◽  
A. Semeniak
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction

Іntroduction. Today, a quarter of the population of economically developed countries has a body weight that is 15% larger than the norm. According to various authors, the timely onset of menarche in women with various forms of obesity and reproductive dysfunction is observed in 31% of cases only. Obesity results in insulin resistance, which in its turn results in hyperinsulinemia. The main reason of the connection of insulin resistance with reproductive function disorders consists in the specific influence of insulin on ovaries. Insulin suppresses apoptosis, binding to receptors of various growth factors that promotes long existence of atresizing follicles. In the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, along with the development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, a significant role belongs to the imbalance of adipocytokines, one of which is adiponectin. The aim is to analyze metabolic processes in the formation of menstrual dysfunction in adolescent girls with obesity to improve diagnostic methods of menstrual disorders. Material and methods. Clinical and laboratory examination of adolescent girls aged 12-18 years was held, among which 79 had obesity and complaints about menstrual dysfunction (the main group); 31 with normal body weight and regular menstrual cycle (the control group). Research methods: general clinical, biochemical (indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were determined), instrumental (ultrasound), statistical. Results. It was found that 53.3% of the girls from the main group had the beginning of the first menstruation after 14 years, delayed menstruation from 42 days to 6 days, duration 2.1 ± 0.05 days, which was significantly shorter, the volume of 10.2 ± 0.05; 0.4 points (average 1-2 pads per day) was significantly lower (p <0.05). Ultrasound showed uterine hypoplasia in almost every second girl in the main group - 36 (45.46%). Hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance was found in obesity of the first degree 34.8 ± 1.75, in obesity of the second degree 37.15 ± 2.12, in obesity of the third degree 40.64 ± 2.0. It was 14.35 ng / ml in the control group, p<0,01. Hyperleptinemia in the main group was accompanied by hyperinsulinemia in 26% of cases and insulin resistance. The relationship between low values of adiponectin and elevated body mass index in patients of the main group was established, which was confirmed by the results of correlation analysis (adiponectin & body mass index: ρ = -0.74). Analysis of the results revealed a decrease of A/L level in the main group by 4.3 times. Based on our own results, the A/L and HOMA-AD models can be considered more accurate for determining insulin resistance. Conclusions. 1. Changes of the menstrual cycle in overweight girls were found. The association of adipokines secretion disorders is characterized by hyperleptinemia, leptin resistance, decreased Adiponectin / Leptin index and hypoadiponectinemia, which, in combination with insulin resistance, indicates the participation of adipokines in the genesis of oligomenorrhea. The algorithm of adolescents’ treatment with menstrual dysfunction on the background of obesity must include the calculation of Adiponectin/Leptin and HOMA-AD, which will make it possible to avoid overdiagnosis of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE STATE OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WOMEN IN THE CONDITIONS OF PRODUCTION EXPOSURE TO ACRYLONITRILE

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Irina V. Leshkova ◽  
E. M. Vlasova ◽  
V. E. Belitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
The Impact

At workplaces in the observation group, working conditions are characterized by a combined effect of the industrial noise and a chemical factor (at 13.4% of working places the class of working conditions is 3.1, at 63.3% of workplaces the class of working conditions is 3.2). In the comparison group, working conditions are characterized by the impact of electromagnetic radiation from a personal computer, the class of working conditions corresponds to an allowable 2nd class. The executed research showed that under working conditions with an acrylonitrile concentration of 0.01 ± 0.003 mg/m3 (MPC of 0.5 mg/m3), working conditions do not provide safety for the reproductive health of female workers. An analysis of the results of the studies showed that female workers have menstrual dysfunction (menstrual irregularities in the form of hypomenorrhea, algomenorrhea, and irregular menstrual cycle were more often presented); absence of pregnancy in the first 5 years of the family life; hormonal disorders, there is also an activation of inflammatory responses, an increase in the immune reactivity; specific sensitization to acrylonitrile. Under conditions of production exposure to acrylonitrile, in workers there is observed an activation of autoimmune processes (increase in the level of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO), antibodies to phosphatidylserine), promoting lowering of immunological tolerance (elevation of antisperm antibodies), which has the impact on the formation of reproductive disorders (on fertilization and fetal development in the early stages of pregnancy), a high risk of abnormal pregnancy. The development of pathological processes of the cervix and breast is also associated with a deterioration of immunological reactivity and endocrine regulation. There was established a very high degree of the occupational conditionality of dyshormonal disorders (RR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.22, EF = 69.48%); disorders of the menstrual cycle (RR = 4.63, 95% CI = 2.4-2.7, EF = 76.7%), the average degree of production conditionality of the pregnancy pathology (RR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1, 1-1,7, EF = 47,4%), pathological processes of the cervix (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3-1.7, EF = 37.5%), mastopathy (RR = 2.2, 95%, CI = 1, 9-2.7, EF = 50%).

scholarly journals Psychological Problems during Advance Stage of Pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sanjay Kumar Nayak ◽  
Rinku Poddar ◽  
Dr. Masroor Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: Physical changes can be seen throughout the pregnancy along with mood swings and other psychological or emotional reaction. Advance stage of pregnancy mainly during third trimester may affect more the women psychologically. Purpose: Present study was conducted to expand the limited knowledge base regarding the potential psychological problems faced by women during the third trimester or advance stage of pregnancy. Method: Psychological problems were investigated in 40 pregnant women 18- to 34 years old through Symptoms Checklist-90-R and General Health Questionnaire-28 during their third trimester. They were compared with 30 normal controls. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (13.0 ver.). Result: The result suggest that during advance stage/third trimester of pregnancy women experience psychological problems, namely, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anger hostility, phobic anxiety, psychotism and disturbance in sleep and appetite and these symptoms may associate to their current age and duration of pregnancy. Conclusion: Psychological factors during pregnancy and childbirth are important and that there can neglect can cause grave damage resulting in lifelong costs to the infant, parents and society. Women should formulate a treatment plan to manage common psychological problems too during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Management of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with Ayurveda - a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Dr. Kajal Jha ◽  
Amulya Dahal ◽  
Bijendra Shah ◽  
Pratibha Tripathi ◽  
Sabbu Thasineku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Facial Hair ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common problems affecting approximately5% of all women.  PCOS can affect menstrual cycle, fertility, and hormone level as well as appearance including acne, facial hair growth and balding, overweight. Some women may suffer from depression. It is also a metabolic problem that affects several body systems. The condition gets its name because there are often an increased number of small painless cysts in the ovaries (polycystic ovaries). It is very difficult to cure in contemporary system and treatment is also very costly. A case of 19 years female suffering from PCOS reported was treated successfully at at Ayurveda Teaching Hospital within 1 month by various ayurveda medicine and panchakarma procedures. The improvement is evident from regularity of menstrual cycle and also from the ultrasonography (USG) reports.

Deep infiltrative endometriosis. Contentious issues: pros and cons

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Elena I. Rusina ◽  
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Valeriia O. Piankova
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Risk Condition ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Deep Infiltrative Endometriosis

Relevance.Deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) is a particular form of endometriosis with a more severe symptoms and dysfunction of the neighboring organs. Inspite of the fact that in recent years, much had been done to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and its associated symptoms; there are still several unresolved issues. Aim.To describe debated issues of pathogenesis and management of patients with DIE using current data. Materials and methods. Foreign and domestic scientific articles on this topic that is available in PubMed database and on Internet resources have been examined over the past 5 years. Results.The review consisted of a system analysis of data on the pathogenesis of pain, infertility, the choice of conservative or surgical treatment in dealing with specific problems of managing patients with DIE. Conclusion.Despite there are different options of managing and treating, most specialists agree that the treatment strategy should be based on the assumption that it is a chronic recurrent disease. The treatment choice should be personal depending on the severity of symptoms, dysfunction of the neighboring organs affected by endometriosis, such as the intestines, bladder, ureters, as well as the womans age and reproductive life plans. Depending on the clinical case, it is possible to use various regimens of conservative management. Surgical management planning should be highly balanced. A radical surgery with removing foci of endometriosis performed by an experienced surgeon in a specialized hospital in coupled with pharmacotherapy and assisted reproductive technologies increases the patients chances of pregnancy, a healthy childbearing. Subsequent combination therapy provides a long-term remission. Pregnancy and childbirth in patients with deep infiltrative endometriosis should be considered as a high risk condition for the severe complications.

Interpretation and significance of the definition of anti-Mullerian hormone in the practice of juvenile gynaecologist

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Zaira K. Kumykova ◽  
Elena V. Uvarova ◽  
Zalina K. Batyrova
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

The article presents an overview of the physiological role of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) during persons lifetime, the fluctuations of its values from birth to the reproductive period in women, the significance of its determination in the diagnosis and prognosis of treatment outcomes for many gynecological diseases. AMH is produced mainly by preantral and early antral follicles and decreases during the final maturation and luteinization. AMH plays a potential role in preserving the ovarian reserve by performing dual actions. AMH inhibits the initial recruitment of follicles, preventing the influence of stimulating growth factors for recruitment (KIT-ligand, the main fibroblast growth factor). From the moment of puberty, AMH reduces the sensitivity of primary follicles to the follicle-stimulating hormone, reducing the likelihood of their cyclic recruitment. The systematic review data presented the characteristics of the ovarian reserve in a healthy female population aged 0 to 19 years. At birth, very low AMH values were noted with an increase in its level in the first 3 months of life, followed by a monthly increase of 31%. A significant increase in AMH secretion was revealed by the beginning of puberty, then most authors noted a constant level of serum AMH in the adolescent period. The level of AMH in the blood serum decreases with an increase in chronological age by 68% annually and varies during the menstrual cycle. AMH is an important diagnostic tool in pediatric practice when differentiating various causes of puberty disorders, virilization and menstrual cycle disorders in girls.

THE SITE OF SECRETION OF ANDROSTENEDIONE IN NON-PREGNANT WOMEN

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. BAIRD ◽  
P. E. BURGER ◽  
G. D. HEAVON-JONES ◽  
R. J. SCARAMUZZI
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Venous Plasma

SUMMARY The site of secretion of androstenedione in women was investigated by measuring the concentration of androstenedione in peripheral and ovarian venous plasma by radioimmunoassay at different stages of the menstrual cycle. The concentration in peripheral plasma rose from 1·45 ± 0·11 (s.e.m.) ng/ml on day 1 to a peak on the 7 days around mid-cycle (2·29 ± 0·08) before declining gradually during the luteal phase. The concentration of androstenedione in plasma draining ovaries containing the pre-ovulatory follicle or a corpus luteum (33·2 ± 9·0) was significantly higher than in plasma draining the contralateral ovary (10·1 ± 1·6, P < 0·001). In women in whom ovulation was induced with gonadotrophins the concentration of androstenedione in peripheral plasma rose from 1·42 ± 0·21 before treatment to reach maximum levels (2·5–4·5 ng/ml) in the luteal phase. There was a significant (P < 0·001) correlation between the concentration of androstenedione and oestradiol-17β in peripheral (r = 0·50) and ovarian (r = 0·79) venous plasma. These findings indicate that all three cellular compartments in the ovary secrete significant amounts of androstenedione in women during their reproductive life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document