scholarly journals Transformation of Migration Rules from Local to Global

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-604
Author(s):  
Hakan Sezgin Erkan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Global War

In the 21st century, the scope and the size of migration are more different than previous centuries. The reason behind this is that there are no more global wars or conflicts between states and the economic developments reached the highest levels for some of the countries. Moreover, states try to increase their industrial level. Hence, the conflicts and the economic development level shape migration routes and the destination country. In this context, I will utilize geopolitics and economic development levels to classify countries. As a result of the end of global conflicts and global war, economic conditions became main determinant for migrations in the globalized world in the 21st century. In the 20th century, the scope of migration was small compared to 21st century because of various reasons. Standardized education and high level industrialization are of two main reasons. In the 21st century, the industrialization hit the top level of the world history and education took standardized structure among particular countries. In this research, all countries will be examined in detail with respect to UN Data. Furthermore, the following questions are targeted to be answered: Does migration flow from less developed countries to developed countries? Do developed countries accommodate more immigrants in their borders?

scholarly journals Robust Mahalanobis Distance based TOPSIS to Evaluate the Economic Development of Provinces

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Yorulmaz ◽  
◽  
Sultan Kuzu Yıldırım ◽  
Bahadır Fatih Yıldırım ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
High Level ◽  
Robust Cluster

In this paper, 81 Turkish provinces with different development levels were ranked using the TOPSIS method. To evaluate the ranking with TOPSIS, we presented an improvement to Mahalanobis distances, by considering a robust MM estimator of the covariance matrix to deal with the presence of outliers in the dataset. Additionally, the homogenous subsets, which were obtained from the robust Mahalanobis distance-based TOPSIS were compared with robust cluster analysis. According to our findings, robust TOPSIS-M scores reflect the inter-class differences in economic developments of provinces spanning from the extremely low to the extremely high level of economic developments. Considering indicators of economic development, which are often used in the literature, İstanbul ranked first, Ankara second, and İzmir third according to the Robust TOPSIS-M method. Moreover, with the Robust Cluster analysis, these provinces were diagnosed as outliers and it was seen that obtained clusters were compatible with the ranking of Robust TOPSIS-M.

scholarly journals FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neringa SLAVINSKAITĖ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Multiple Regression Method ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The paper analyses the fiscal decentralization effects on economic growth in unitary countries of European Union for the period 2005–2014. The empirical analysis was based on the multiple regression method. The fixed effect panel model was used as framework for the analysis. In order to examine the different impact of fiscal decentralization, the same analysis was applied to subsets of countries categorized into two groups according to countries’ level of economic development. This further analysis found that there is positive relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth in low level of economically developing countries and no relationship in high level of economically developed countries. These results suggested that fiscal decentralization is not always instrument for promotion of economic growth, which means that country’s economic development level is an important factor when introducing reform of fiscal decentralization. The originality of this article – new fiscal decentralization index and evaluated fiscal decentralization level influence for countries economic growth.

scholarly journals The Growing Importance of the Financial Sector in the Founding Countries of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (26) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Tomasz Florczak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union

The economies of the 21st century countries operate on the principle of connected vessels. A significant element of changes in economies is the growth of the financial sector. The process of financial sector growth is often referred as financialization. The significant impact of this sector on economic development was shown during the financial crisis of 2008. Financialization is more visible in highly developed countries. Undoubtedly the founding countries of the European Union belong to highly developed countries. It is possible that the financialization is higher in bigger countries like France, Germany, Italy or United Kingdom, which can also have bigger financial sectors. From the other side there is also country, which economy is based on banks. The aim of the article is to indicate the growth of the financial sector in the founding countries of the European Union. To determine the growth of the financial sector, the author used the indicators appearing in the literature of subject. There are indicators relating to functioning of the economy and banking sector. The second method helps to determine in which country financialization is higher. To made the research there was used zero unitarization method. The results of the study allows to determine in which of the subjects the financial sector is at a higher level of development. It is possible, that during researched period there were changes in financializiation of researched countries.

scholarly journals Correlation between economic complexity and economic development in different types of Russian regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-161
Author(s):  
I.A. Shubin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
High Level

Economic complexity, according to the results of various studies at the country level, can be used as an indicator of economic development: more developed countries usually have a higher level of economic complexity. For Russian regions, the relationship between economic complexity, the level of innovative development and investment attractiveness is also revealed. This paper identifies the correlation between the complexity of export and the level of economic development for Russian regions and their separated more homogeneous groups. The results obtained by the author for regions of Russia contradict the rule identified for countries. For all Russian regions, there is a slight inverse correlation between the complexity of export and the value of per capita GRP. A slight positive correlation was found only for regions with a low export-to-GRP ratio and a high level of economic complexity. Such results are explained by the simple structure of Russian export, because of this the main recipients of export income are regions with a lower level of economic complexity — mainly oil and gas producing regions, as well as capitals that act as intermediaries.

scholarly journals Territorial and economic aspects of urbanization in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
L. M. Bekenova ◽  
G. Zh. Seitkhamzina ◽  
E. Kh. Akhatova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
State Management ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level

The purpose of the work is to study the problems of territorial and economic development within the confines of regulated activation of urbanization processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To achieve it, authors analysed the statistical data on such indicators as population density, administrative-territorial division, according to which significant disproportions of territorial and economic development and settlement in the republic, the development of the regions of Kazakhstan were revealed. The authors studied the main provisions of regional policy, considered the main directions of state management of the formation of centers of urbanization with the decisive role of cities with a population of millions people in the optimization of regional economic systems. Research on this topic allowed the authors to conclude that the process of urbanization in Kazakhstan has a dynamic character and has not yet exhausted its potential, which gives reason to conclude that it is necessary to form new centers of urbanization and agglomerations. The article examines the main trends of the urbanization process at the present stage, namely, in economically developed countries, where urbanization has reached a sufficiently high level, the share of the urban population is growing at a slower pace, whereas in developing countries the urbanization process continues to grow in breadth and has a spontaneous, uncontrollable character. At the same time, the growth of population in cities far outstrips their economic development. Materials and research methods. When studying the territorial and economic features of urbanization in Kazakhstan, a complex of the following research methods were used: monographic, program-targeted, statistical analysis. In this work also used such theoretical research methods as comparisons and generalizations, scientific abstraction and synthesis.

Identifying the Relationship Between Health Investment and Economic Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Serkan Eti ◽  
Yaşar Gökalp ◽  
Nurcan Okçuoğlu Tosun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Investment ◽  
Country Group ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the economic development of countries and the importance they attach to health. In this context, macroeconomic data on the economic development levels and health of 127 countries were included in the study. In the application part of the study, clustering and cross-table analysis were used. As a result of the k-means clustering analysis, a 76.4% similarity was found between the three countries groups and the economic development levels. Therefore, it is possible to talk about significant relationships between health expenditures/investments and economic development. In addition, it is seen that 90% of the country group that attaches importance to health expenditures consists of developed countries.

scholarly journals Key Competencies in Transnational Educational Space: the Definition and Implementation

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-117
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Gorbunova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Educational Strategy ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
Competencies Development ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

The article deals with the most important factors which shape challenges for educational policy and directions of its reformation in transnational educational space. In context of global society formation educational policies of developed countries demonstrates experiences of development and implementation of transversal (transferable, transcultural) competencies as key competencies of the 21st century in order to generate collective nous, peace, social justice and sustainable economic development. As one of the main goals of key competencies development considered promotion lifelong learning; It emphasizes the need for situational, contextualize, projective teaching and constructivist approaches. Particular attention is paid to analysis of key competencies in the trans-European educational space, of transferable competencies as US educational strategy and transversal competencies as the strategies proposed by UNESCO.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Anatolii STEPANENKO ◽  
◽  
Alla OMELCHENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Directed Development ◽  
Oriented Activity ◽  
High Level

A definition of ecological modernization is given and analysis of its existing definitions is carried out. The tasks of ecological modernization, which envisage transformation of society, superindustrialization, reorientation of technologies for the restoration of ecological balance, restructuring of the economy and formation of a technological society, are outlined. The key elements of ecological modernization and its ecological imperatives are singled out. It is shown that mainly anthropocentric approaches and invariability of the priority of economic interests are traced in theoretical development of models of ecological modernization. It is highlighted that to prevent further degradation of ecosystems, a new ecocentric worldview and a high level of ecological consciousness are necessary. It is determined that the main forms of ecological modernization aimed at solving the environmental problems under conditions of limited and depleted natural resources are: environmentally directed development of industry; technological platforms of ecological development; ecologization of economic development; inplementation and development of clean production and environmental technologies. It is disclosed that in Ukraine over the past years the level of ecological modernization of the economy has increased, as evidenced by the share of capital investments in integrated technologies of the volume of capital investments for the protection and rational use of natural resources and development of the production of innovative products, including new types of machines, equipment, devices, devices. The vast majority of the integrated technology activities are not in line with the V and VI waves of innovation, not mentioning the VII, which began in highly developed countries. It is substantiated that new model of modernization of social development should include not only the change and introduction of new technologies, but also deep institutional, social and cultural transformations. It is determined that in addition to three prospects for the development of ecological modernization – eco-saving business and consumption, effective protection of the natural environment, the ecologization of society – the fourth is also possible: emancipation of nature, that is, socialization and personalization of nature. The strategic directions of ecological modernization of socio-economic development of Ukraine are proposed and its key tasks regarding the formation of a modernizing type of ecologically oriented activity of society are determined.

The economic crisis as incentive to the development of the recreational and tourist complex in Northern Moscow Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Валерия Хетагурова ◽  
Valeriya Khetagurova ◽  
Сергей Голубчиков ◽  
Sergey Golubchikov ◽  
Галина Брюханова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
Recreation And Tourism

The article examines the development of domestic tourism as an example of recreational and tourist complex in the Northern suburbs of the Moscow region. High tourist and recreational potential of the Russian Federation and its subjects is far from being fully utilized. This requires the combined efforts of all agencies involved in the tourism sector and create conditions for the effective development of tourist-recreational and spa complex in Russia, including in Moscow. The methodology of research is relatively laid-analytical, historical and geographical methods, which include the analysis of the basic regulations for tourism development at the federal and regional levels, the elaboration of plans and strategies for socio-economic development of cities and districts of the Moscow region, stock and literary materials, sociological surveys of population and decision-makers. The article made a brief analysis of objects of historical, cultural and recreational tourism in the region. Recreational resources are extremely rich in Moscow suburbs and include hundreds of travel sites. The Moscow region has a very high concentration of historical and cultural monuments. Despite some rise of tourism activities in the Moscow region in recent years, so far, the industry has not qualified for the high level of the budget of the region, which is observed in the metropolitan suburbs of developed countries. The article presents guidelines for creating the tourist and recreational zone cluster «Northern Moscow suburbs» that would specialize in cultural, educational, event-related, scientific, educational, ecological and local tourism, business, pilgrimage, sports, ski tourism and the development of leisure. For the development of tourism in the Northern Moscow suburbs, recommended are the following activities: design and development of the recreation and tourism zone cluster; development and implementation of regional programs and strategies for tourism development at the municipal level; assessment and inventory of recreation and tourism, educational and cognitive potentials of the region; Established are effective mechanisms for the conversion of recreational and tourism resources in the tourism product; development of rural types of tourism; tourism industry transition to an innovative, community-oriented and spatially balanced pattern of economic development; the development of cruise tourism on the channel of the Moscow and Volga rivers.

Conditions for the Hi-tech Complex Development

2003 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
V. Maevsky ◽  
B. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Monetary Base ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Bank System ◽  
Post Industrial

A project for the long-term strategy of Russian break-through into post-industrial society is suggested which is directed at transformation of the hi-tech complex into the leading factor of economic development. The thesis is substantiated that there is an opportunity to realize such a strategy in case Russia shifts towards the mechanism of the monetary base growth generally accepted in developed countries: the Central Bank increases the quantity of "strong" money by means of purchasing state securities and allocates the increment of money in question according to budget priorities. At the same time for the realization of the said strategy it is necessary to partially restore savings lost during the hyperinflation period of 1992-1994 and default of 1998 and to secure development of the bank system as well as an increase of the volume of long-term credits on this base.

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