scholarly journals The Determinants of the Employment Status of Return Migrants in Albania

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-636
Author(s):  
Merita Zulfiu Alili ◽  
Nick Adnett ◽  
Teuta Veseli-Kurtishi
Keyword(s):  
Return Migration ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
University Degree

Return migration may be associated with the addition of new human capital, entrepreneurial skills and investment funds in the country of origin. The size of these stimuli will likely depend upon the characteristics of the return migrants and the motivation for their return. This paper presents an analysis of the determinants of the probability of Albanian return migrants being in employment. This study examines the role of the socio-demographic characteristics of returning migrants; their experience while abroad and the motivations for their return. The results suggest that being male, holding a university degree, being unemployed before returning and receiving training while abroad increase the probability of finding a job after return. The higher probability of returnees being in employment or self-employment indicates that the overall benefits to the economy of return migrants may be much larger than previously thought. Facilitating or accelerating the social integration and employability of return migrants to Albania could encourage more emigrants to return and provide a further boost to its economy.

scholarly journals Return Migrants’ Impact in Economic Development of the Origin Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Alkida Ndreka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
The 1960S

Migration has reciprocal economic implications between the origin and host countries. While scholars draw attention to the globalization of migration, since the 1960s there is a perpetual debate about the migration and development nexus. The role of international migrants and their financial remittances are identified as having a highly positive effect on the home country’s development. Emigrants’ remittances tangibly benefit the income for the families in the home country and investments in different sectors (housing, education, health, entrepreneurship, etc.). Next to remittances, returned migrants, especially those highly skilled are recognized as actors and drivers of significant economic development in the homeland. The contribution of return migrants to the development in origin countries can be beneficial not simply by investing the financial capital they accumulated during the migration cycle but also by the transferring of expertise, knowledge and new skills acquired abroad, and acting as social change agents in the home society. Empirical studies indicate a positive relationship between return migration and entrepreneurial activity, therefore enterprises can be a substantial contributor, among others, to economic growth and alleviating poverty of the origin country. Governments and policymakers are increasingly interested in the issue of return migration and return migration policies that attract and facilitate the returnee’s reintegration. Reintegration programs, especially those in the business sector, benefit the development of the origin country through savings, investments, easing of entrepreneurial opportunities and the expertise of returnees. This paper aims to identify whether return migration is beneficial for the origin country and especially to analyze the role of return migrant’s in the economic development of the origin country through engaging in entrepreneurial activity

scholarly journals The relationship between financial distress and well-being: Exploring the role of self-employment

2020 ◽  
pp. 026624262096538
Author(s):  
Jenny Berrill ◽  
Damien Cassells ◽  
Martha O’Hagan-Luff ◽  
André van Stel
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigate the relationship between financial distress, well-being and employment status. Using several indicators of financial distress and of well-being, our econometric analysis shows that the negative association between financial distress and well-being is moderated by employment status in the sense that financial problems are more strongly associated with poor well-being for the self-employed compared to the wage-employed. Hence, when self-employed workers find themselves in a situation of financial distress, the negative consequences for their well-being are more severe. This is found to hold both for the self-employed with and without employees.

scholarly journals Role of Rural Development Bank in Women Empowerment: A Poverty Alleviation Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Sirjana Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quality Child

The study seeks to explain role of Rural Development Bank (RDB) for empowering women from poverty alleviation perspective. More so, this study was conducted in Shankarnagar located in Rupendehi District. Under quantitative case study methodology, necessary data are collected from 120 respondents selected randomly. The results show that Shankarnagar area office of RDB has played remarkable role in reducing poverty in the study area. The social and financial programmes implemented this bank has helped to alleviate poverty in some extent. It has also contributed to increase family income, self employment opportunities, better health and hygiene, better living standard, saving and credit activities and access to quality child education. Hence, better to make further social/financial plans/programmes for reducing poverty in general and empowering women in particular.

Inclusive Entrepreneurship and Motivation Among People With Intellectual Disability: “Why They Act”

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-512
Author(s):  
Kate Caldwell ◽  
Sarah Parker Harris ◽  
Maija Renko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ventures ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Social ◽  
People With Disability

Abstract Social entrepreneurship is a growing trend for people with intellectual disability (ID). This trend reflects a shift in contemporary policy towards entrepreneurship and self-employment as a viable employment option for people with disability in general; a strategy which is intended to promote autonomy and reduce dependence on entitlement-based services as well as to reduce employment disparities and stimulate business and job creation. However, it is not well understood what exactly this means for people with ID involved in social entrepreneurial ventures. This research approached the issue by conducting dyadic interviews to explore the motivations of people with ID who are participating and supported in social entrepreneurship—“why they act.” In exploring these motivations, this article investigates push-pull factors, the role of the social mission, and how support influences motivation.

Solving the ‘Gig-saw’? Collective Rights and Platform Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Doherty ◽  
Valentina Franca
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Platform Economy

Abstract There are few topics in contemporary labour law scholarship that have generated more literature than work in the so-called ‘platform economy’. To date, much work has focussed on the question of defining the personal scope of the employment relationship and on the problems of using existing classifications of employment status in the context of work organised via platforms. This article seeks to address the much less-discussed issue of how collective bargaining may function in the ‘platform economy’, and the role of collective labour law actors, most notably the social partners. The article argues that, rather than focussing on individual employment status and litigation, it is by developing a regulatory framework supportive of, and that involves key stakeholders in, strong sectoral collective bargaining that work in the ‘platform economy’ can be adequately regulated to the benefit of workers, business and the State.

scholarly journals What Determinants Influence Students to Start Their Own Business? Empirical Evidence from United Arab Emirates Universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandrina Pauceanu ◽  
Onise Alpenidze ◽  
Tudor Edu ◽  
Rodica Zaharia
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
University Support ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University

What factors influence students to start their own business? What are the implications at the university level? This paper aims to answer to these questions and investigates, at a micro level (university), the motivation for entrepreneurial intentions among students in 10 universities from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). An online inquiry has been conducted among 500 students between April and June 2018, and 157 fully completed questionnaires were retained. Factor Analysis with Varimax (with Kaizer Normalization) rotation and logistic regression were used to identify what factors motivate students to start their own business and, from those factors, which one is determinant in this decision. Also, age and parental self-employment status were used to determine the influence of these factors. Four factors have been identified as determinants for students to start their own business: entrepreneurial confidence, entrepreneurial orientation, university support for entrepreneurship, and cultural support for entrepreneurship. Surprisingly, the only factor significantly correlated with the intention in starting a business is entrepreneurial confidence. This factor becomes even stronger when it is associated with age (20–25 years old) and parents’ self-employment status. These conclusions involve specific challenges on the university level, related to the role of entrepreneurial education and on country level, in link with the effectiveness of governmental programs to enhance entrepreneurial endeavours. Further research can explore and test these findings on a representative sample for the UAE, and for other countries.

scholarly journals Business Entrepreneurship And Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (33) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Pedro Álvaro Correia Pereira ◽  
Irene García Medina ◽  
Patricia Margarida Farias Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Motivation ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Creation

This study is a review of the literature regarding business entrepreneurship and education. The main aim is to study the social and educational factors affecting the creation of self-employment for young people as a contribution to the development of local entrepreneurship, reducing unemployment and leveraging economic development. Of the various social influencers, it was important to understand the role of the family, especially of the parents, in motivating and sustaining the creation of one's own job and in the actions of entrepreneurship. In the same sense, at the educational level, to perceive the consequences of access to new resources that expand and support knowledge and skills acquisition useful for creating one's own job and reducing risk aversion of business activities. Finally, to understand the role of endogenous factors such as intelligence and individual motivation in the pursuit of entrepreneurship activities and their relationship with social and educational influencers.

scholarly journals Returnees: unwanted citizens or cherished countrymen

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Bozena Sojka ◽  
Maarja Saar
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Positive Nature ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter looks at the ‘othering’ of migrants within discourses of return migration — a reflection of the complex interplay between race, ethnicity, and other aspects of identity, particularly in the fluid context of migration. It analyses Polish and Estonian social policy experts' narratives on returnees and their access to welfare. The concept of othering in relation to welfare can help one to better understand national discourses around migration and return migration. Poland and Estonia have adopted vastly different attitudes towards return migrants: while Estonian policy experts stressed the positive nature of migration (migrants were seen as successful individuals), Polish narratives around migration are more negative, drawing attention to the ‘social costs’ of migration, such as broken families. The Polish experts thus questioned the potential belonging of return migrants, seeing them as a burden on the welfare state, while Estonian experts saw return migration as mostly positive and a sign of loyalty.

scholarly journals Return Migration Process in Policy and Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 261-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evija Kļave ◽  
Inese Šūpule
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
Return Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract This chapter focuses on return migration processes in Latvia, integrating analysis of return migration policy and the experiences of return migrants. The analysis considers the extent to which return policy activities correspond to the needs and expectations of the target group, and addresses the role of this policy in the process of making the decision to return. The data used for the analysis are policy planning documents, The Emigrant Communities of Latvia survey and in-depth interviews. The main empirical evidence of the return experiences of migrants in the chapter comes from 18 in-depth interviews with Latvian returnees from various age and social status groups, who left Latvia within a period between 1991 and 2011. This research finds that although the government’s policy corresponds to the general needs of return migrants, this policy has no impact on individual return decisions among Latvian migrants. The main reasons for return are non-economic. If economic reasons dominate the reasons for leaving – alongside a wish to see the world or get an education – then coming back is connected with homesickness, a willingness to spend more time with relatives in Latvia, a longing for Latvian nature, a desire to speak Latvian and to live in the Latvian environment. It also eliminates the risk of assimilation for their children in the society of the country they have emigrated to.

scholarly journals Return Migration After 30 September 2009 Earthquake in West Sumatra, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafruddin Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Return Migration ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The West ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
West Sumatra

This article analyzed return migrants associated with the West Sumatra Large-Scale Earthquake on 30 September 2009. A survey of 400 households traced the number of return migrants. Any respondent migrated due to the earthquake belongs to return migrant. This study found the return migrants accounting for almost 37% because of the disaster. Both men and women migrated because of the earthquake, but more men migrated than women. Married couple migrated more than unmarried. Pekanbaru, the capital of Riau province, is the most famous destination for migration. The education level of return migrants is higher than the stayers. More than 88% are living from trade, public services, and fishing. Above 50% is living from trading alone. The return migrants shared a similar employment status with the stayers. Entrepreneurial status is more important for return migrants than for the stayers. Income distribution shows a different pattern between return migrants and the stayers. The return migrants have a more significant part of the maximum income group. The return migrants at the highest income group account for 27%, which is obviously greater than the stayers.

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