scholarly journals Melasma Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Etiology: An Update Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 841-850
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Present Understanding

     Melasma is one of the commonest dermatological challenges that facing dermatologists in the whole world. Most of the previously published articles regarding melasma usually focused on its management and the newly discovered drugs; however, the understanding of the suspected etiology and the pathogenesis is very critical to treat this skin disorder in a correct manner. Therefore, this review is an attempt to do a comprehensive updating on the present understanding of the melasma epidemiology, etiology, its role in pregnant, post-menopausal women, and in males, besides its clinical features and diagnosis through searching in many scientific databases including EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Pubmed Central (PMC), Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus.     This review approaches recognizing the pathogenesis that can provide ideas to solve the therapeutic problems which connect to melasma. Therefore, this article is entirely established on previously performed studies so that no new studies on animal or human subjects were conducted by the author.

Lavender for Sleep Disorder Management in Menopausal Women with or without Hypertension: A Systematic and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mameneh ◽  
Ali Rokni ◽  
Masumeh Ghazanfarpour ◽  
Masoudeh Babakhanian
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Isi Web Of Science ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Introduction: Regarding the prevalence of sexual problems during menopause and the interest of women in the use of aromatherapy in attenuating the sleep disorders, and due to the lack of comprehensive meta-analysis on the effects of aromatherapy on the sleep disorders, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of lavender on the sleep disorders in postmenopausal women.Material and Methods: The following databases were selected to search systematically the effect of lavender on the quality of sleep in post-menopausal women, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science and Scopus, regardless time limit since inception to September 29, 2019. The quality of trials was investigated according to Jadad scale.Results: After combination of the result of four trials, our meta-analysis showed that treatment with lavender was more effective than placebo in respect with improvement of quality of sleep in menopausal women (Standardized Mean Difference=1.098; Confidence Interval 95%: 0.33-1.86; P= 0.005).Conclusion: Considering the effects of lavender essential oil on improving the quality of sleep in postmenopausal and middle-aged women, this medication can be prescribed in the clinics of sleep problems, obstetrics and gynecology.

SERUM THYROTROPHIN, PROLACTIN AND GROWTH HORMONE, RESPONSE TO TRH DURING OESTROGEN TREATMENT

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rutlin ◽  
E. Haug ◽  
P. A. Torjesen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

ABSTRACT The serum levels of thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) and the response of these hormones to 500 μg thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) iv were studied in menstruating women. in post-menopausal women before and after 2 mg oestradiol valerate for 5 consecutive days, and in men on long term oestrogen treatment. Oestrogen treatment had no effect on basal serum TSH levels, which were within the normal range in all groups. The TSH response to TRH was not different in menstruating and post-menopausal women and was not changed in the latter group after oestrogen treatment. In men treated chronically with oestrogens, the TSH response to TRH was similar to that found in normal male subjects. There was no difference in basal levels of serum PRL between males and menstruating females. In the post-menopausal women, however, basal levels of serum PRL was significantly decreased, but rose during oestrogen treatment to serum levels normally found in menstruating women. In the oestrogen treated males basal serum PRL levels were significantly higher than in untreated men. The PRL response to TRH was significantly greater in females than in males, but in the oestrogen treated males the PRL response to TRH was greatly increased and almost of the same magnitude as the response in females. There was no difference in PRL response between menstruating and post-menopausal women, and oestrogen treatment of the latter group had no significant effect on the PRL response. Basal levels of serum GH did not differ between the groups. In the group of 9 post-menopausal women one subject showed a small GH response to TRH prior to oestrogen treatment, while 7 subjects showed GH responses to TRH after oestrogen treatment. In the group of 5 chronically oestrogen treated men, 2 subjects had increased serum levels of GH after TRH. Thus our data show that oestrogen administration may induce PRL release in human subjects, while oestrogens seem to play a far less important role in the regulation of GH and TSH secretion.

scholarly journals Irisin and Bone: From Preclinical Studies to the Evaluation of Its Circulating Levels in Different Populations of Human Subjects

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziana Colaianni ◽  
Lorenzo Sanesi ◽  
Giuseppina Storlino ◽  
Giacomina Brunetti ◽  
Silvia Colucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Status ◽  
Bone Mineral Status ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Post Menopausal

Almost four years after the discovery of the anabolic action of irisin on bone in mice, ample clinical evidence is emerging in support of its additional physiological relevance in human bone. Irisin inversely correlates with sclerostin levels in adults with prediabetes and with vertebral fragility fractures in post-menopausal women. Furthermore, in athletes we observed a positive correlation between irisin and bone mineral density at different anatomical sites. Our group also described a positive association between serum irisin and bone status in healthy children and multivariate regression analysis showed that irisin is a stronger determinant of bone mineral status than bone alkaline phosphatase. In children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, serum irisin concentrations are positively associated with bone quality and with glycemic control following continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Additionally, our in vitro studies suggest the existence of a negative interplay between PTH and irisin biology and these results were also supported by the observation that post-menopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism have lower levels of irisin compared to matched controls. In this review, we will focus on recent findings about circulating level of irisin in different populations of human subjects and its correlation with their bone status.

scholarly journals Probiotics: An Update to Past Researches

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-84
Author(s):  
Reza Shirazinia ◽  
Ali Akbar Golabchifar ◽  
Abolfazl Panahi Mishkar ◽  
Mohammad Reza Fazeli
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria living in the microbiota ecosystem of the human body playing particular important roles in human health. The increasing rate of various diseases and the studies about the balance of gut microbiome made scientists trying to find novel therapies in this regard and hypothesize the relationships between the imbalance of gut microbiome and spread of various diseases especially in the immune system. Previous studies have indicated that when administrated in specific amounts, probiotics exert beneficial properties for human health such as antibacterial effects, cytotoxic effects, Hypocholesterolemic effects, immunomodulatory effects, wound healing effects etc. Probiotics also are known to produce nourishing healthy supplements for the human body such as vitamin K and B as well as healthy fatty acids. In this regard summarization of scientific evidence may help to familiarize the scientists with this novel area of research helping to find effective therapies for various disease. In this study, we used published literature in scientific databases such as Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, as well as Google Scholar for data collection. So, the present review describes scientific-based evidence about probiotics and some of their beneficial effects to highlight the path for further researches about these beneficial bacteria.

scholarly journals Azithromycin: characteristics and clinical indications for bacterial and virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e381101219864
Author(s):  
Gabriel Henrique Queiroz Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Marinho Sampaio ◽  
Hadassa Fonsêca Silva ◽  
Douglas José Abreu da Silva Cristovam ◽  
Rodolfo Scavuzzi Carneiro Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Mitochondrial Ribosomes ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Objective: to accomplish a literature review to research the clinical characteristics of azythromycin, and its indications and associations for SARS-CoV-2 infections.  Methodology: Electronic searches were carried out on PUBMED Central, BVS/BIREME, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library with the aid of key-words. Results: Azithromycin is a secure antibiotic belonging to the macrolide class, effective for a vast number of infections, especially respiratory diseases. It seems to have viral indirect activity due to its being capable of altering the cell machinery, including mitochondrias, for changing the normal functioning of mitochondrial ribosomes. Conclusion: It is uncertain whether azithromycin is eligible for the treatment of virus infections in general and especially for COVID-19. Its combination with hydroxychloroquine, however, should be better researched in order to answer if it can be applied as a clinical approach for this matter.

scholarly journals Instrumentos de avaliação da cicatrização de lesões por pressão: revisão integrativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e65991110292
Author(s):  
Maria Alzira Rêgo Pinheiro ◽  
Isabelle Katherinne Fernandes Costa ◽  
Johnata da Cruz Matos ◽  
Belarmino Santos Sousa Júnior ◽  
Adriana Montenegro de Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
National Library ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Health Literature

Objetivo: Identificar instrumentos que subsidiem a avaliação da cicatrização de lesões por pressão. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas seguintes fontes de dados: Cumulative Indez to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Medline, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), U. S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed Central) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram incluídos artigos que respondem a questão de pesquisa, disponíveis na íntegra, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol. E excluídos artigos repetidos, revisões de literatura e opiniões de especialistas. Resultados: Foram coletados 279 estudos entre 2009 a maio de 2020, destes 16 foram analisados. Dentre os sete instrumentos identificados, o Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing foi o mais frequente (36,6%). As características mais predominantes dos instrumentos foram o tamanho da lesão, tipo de tecido e quantidade de exsudato. Em relação às propriedades psicométricas, a escala BWAT apresentou tradução e adaptação para a cultura brasileira, a DESIGN-R demonstrou validade preditiva, PUSH obteve responsividade interna e externa e a HPR realizou validade preliminar. Nenhum dos instrumentos possui validade clínica. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o tema é pouco explorado, especialmente em países da língua portuguesa. A ausência de uniformidade entre os instrumentos de avaliação de cicatrização dificulta à padronização de parâmetros necessários a avaliação, ao registro dos procedimentos e a comparação de resultados entre pesquisas na mesma temática. 

scholarly journals The Genetic Polymorphism of TNF-α Associated with the Anti-TNF-α Therapy Used for COVID-19 Patients – Another Possible Approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e47411121576
Author(s):  
Luciano Barreto Silva ◽  
Guilherme Marinho Sampaio ◽  
Rodolfo Scavuzzi Carneiro Cunha ◽  
Caroline Isabele Félix Muniz ◽  
Alexandrino Pereira Santos Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Objective: This work aimed of to review the implications of anti-TNF-α therapy in COVID-19 patients associated with the genetic polymorphism (TNF-α polymorphisms in the region-308) of this pertinent cytokine  Methodology: Electronic searches were carried out on PUBMED Central, BVS/BIREME, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library with the aid of key-words. Results: Twenty-six articles were collected. Anti-TNF-α therapy was interpreted and evaluated. Conclusions: Although scarce information is available in the current literature, anti- TNF-α therapy seems to be a viable clinical approach for hospitalized COVID-19 patients who do not need oxygen supply. The genetic polymorphisms, although relevant, may be useful for further researched to assess the clinical response in different research groups.

scholarly journals Chloroquine Related to Malaria and its Promising Applications for Covid-19 Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Alberto Nicodemus Gomes Lopes ◽  
Luciano Barreto Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Online Searches ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Objective: this article described the use of chloroquine as an antimalarial agent with potential antiviral indications for COVID-19 infections. Methods: this article consisted of online searches and gray literature whose database included PUBMED Central, BVS/BIREME, Web of Science, Science Direct, Higher Level Personnel Improvement Coordinator (CAPES), Periodic Door (Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, The Cochrane Library, and PROSPERO). Results: chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have shown appropriate clinical reports when associated with the antibiotic Azithromycin. It has been authorized for the clinical treatment of severe acute forms of COVID infections by countries such as Brazil and the USA. Conclusions: Chloroquine seems to have potential antiviral properties that may be useful in the treatment of these severe acute forms of COVID-19 associated with Azithromycin. Nevertheless, its indication must include ECG monitoring due to the risk of prolongation of QT interval, leading to sudden cardiac death.

scholarly journals Antimalarial chloroquine indicated for viral infections: myth ou hope?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e486101018220
Author(s):  
Guilherme Marinho Sampaio ◽  
Gabriel Henrique Queiroz Oliveira ◽  
Hadassa Fonsêca Silva ◽  
Alice Pinho André Gomes Morais ◽  
Jatiacynan Andrade Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Antimalarial Agent ◽  
Line Searches ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Aim: this article describes the use of chloroquine as an antimalarial agent with potential antivirotic indications for COVID-19 infections. Methods: On line searches and gray literature have been used in the construction of this articles, whose database include PUBMED Central, BVS/BIREME, Web of Science, Science Direct, Higher Level Personnel Improvement Coordinator (CAPES), Periodic Door (Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, The Cochrane Library and PROSPERO). Results: chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine has shown appropriate clinical reports when associated with the antibiotic Azithromycin. It has been authorized for the clinical treatment of grave acute forms of COVID infections by countries like Brazil and USA. Conclusions: Chloroquine seems to have potential antivirotic properties that may be useful in the treatment of the grave acute forms of COVID-19 associated with Azithromycin. Nevertheless, Its indication must include ECG monitoring due to the risk of cardiac QT prolongation able to cause sudden deaths.

scholarly journals Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Effect on Body Weight and Body Composition in Women (Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis).

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanady Hamdallah ◽  
H. Elyse Ireland ◽  
John Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

AbstractIntroduction:Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a food supplement that is proposed as an anti-obesity supplement in animal and human studies. Animal studies have shown a significant anti-obesity effect of CLA, but results in humans were inconsistent, where some of the studies found an anti-obesity effect while other studies failed to find any decline in obesity markers after CLA supplementation. This meta-analysis aimed to determine if oral CLA supplementation has been shown to reduce obesity-related markers in women.Method:Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were used to identify the eligible trials using two main searching strategies: the first one was to search eligible trials using keywords “Conjugated linoleic acid”, “CLA”, “Women”, and the second strategy was to extract the eligible trials from previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The eligible trials were placebo control trials where women supplemented with CLA mixture in the form of oral capsules for 6 months or less. Furthermore, eligible trials reported body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), total body fat (TBF), percentage body fat (BF%), and/ or lean body mass (LBM). The quality of each included study was assessed using both JADAD scale and an adapted CONSERT checklist.Results:Meta-analysis of 8 eligible trials showed that CLA supplementation was significantly associated with reduced BW (Mean ± SD, 1.2 ± 0.26 kg, p < 0.001), BMI (0.6 ± 0.13kg/m2, p < 0.001) and TBF (0.76 ± 0.26 kg, p = 0.003) in women, when supplemented over 6–16 weeks. Subgroup meta-analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in BW (1.29 ± 0.31 kg, p < 0.001), BMI (0.60 ± 0.14 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and TBF (0.82 ± 0.28 kg, p = 0.003) in the trials that had recruited overweight-obese women. The second subgroup meta-analysis, that considered the menopausal status of the participants, found that CLA was significantly associated with reduced BW (1.35 ± 0.37 kg, p < 0.001; 1.05 ± 0.36 kg, p = 0.003) and BMI (0.50 ± 0.17 kg/m2, p = 0.003; 0.75 ± 0.2 kg/m2, p < 0.001) in both pre and post-menopausal age women, respectively. A reduction in TBF (1.09 ± 0.37 kg, p = 0.003) was only significant in post-menopausal women.Discussion:This meta-analysis suggests a moderate anti-obesity effect of CLA on BW, BMI and TBF reduction in women, when supplemented over 6–16 weeks, particularly in overweight-obese women and post-menopausal women. More well-designed trials are required to confirm this meta-analysis results.

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