scholarly journals WHO STRIVES AND WHO GIVES UP? THE ROLE OF SOCIAL COMPARISON DISTANCE AND ACHIEVEMENT GOALS ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING INVESTMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Aneta Mechi ◽  
Margarita Sanchez-Mazas
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Mastery Goals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Distance Conditions

The current survey tests the effects of social comparison distance on investment in learning. The social comparison is known to have two directions: upward and downward. It is hypothesized that, apart from these two directions, there are two distances: moderate and extreme. These distances are supposed to have an impact on the learning investment (when students will strive) or the disinvestment (when they will not make a great effort). Globally, students seem to put more effort in the case of moderate-distance conditions than in the case of extreme-distance conditions. However, the effect of distance is different according to the achievement goals reported by participants (interaction between comparison distance and achievement goals): the participants with performance goals strive more in the moderate-distance condition, whereas those with mastery goals seem to put a quite stable effort regardless of the distance. Implications in educational settings are discussed. Key words: achievement goals, learning investment, social comparison distance.

Achievement Goals and Moral Competence in Sport

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Mouratidou ◽  
Vassilis Barkoukis ◽  
Stelios Rizos
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Avoidance Performance ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Achievement Goal ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Moral Competence ◽  
Mastery Goals ◽  
Perceived Ability

Achievement goal approaches proliferated that mastery goals are associated with higher moral competence compared to performance goals. Several demographic characteristics have also been found to influence this relationship. The 2 × 2 achievement goal approach is the newest development in achievement goal approaches suggesting the existence of four achievement goals: mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance approach, and performance avoidance. So far there has been no research evidence associating these achievement goals to moral competence and the role of demographic characteristics. The present study was designed to examine the effect of the 2 × 2 achievement goals on moral competence and the moderating role of athletes’ age, experience, playing position, level and league of participation, education, job, and perceived ability. The sample of the study was comprised of 208 football and basketball athletes (Mage = 22.71 years old and SD ±5.09 years). The participants completed a Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Achievement Goals Questionnaire – Sport and the Moral Judgment Test. The results of the moderated hierarchical regression analyses indicated that athletes’ adopting performance goals were associated with low moral competence. This relationship was moderated by several demographic characteristics such as age and experience, level of participation, and perceived ability. Among athletes adopting performance-approach goals, less moral competent athletes were found to be the older, the more experienced, and those participating in professional clubs. Among performance-avoidance-oriented athletes those with high perceived ability revealed less moral competence. No significant effect was found regarding mastery goals. These findings provide important information regarding the effect of achievement goals on moral competence and the role several demographic characteristics can play.

Reacties van leidinggevenden op radicale creatieve ideeën van medewerkers

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy B.L. Sijbom ◽  
Onne Janssen ◽  
Nico W. van Yperen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Mastery Goals ◽  
Mastery Goal ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Better Than

Leaders’ reactions to radical creative ideas voiced by employees: The role of leaders’ achievement goals Leaders’ reactions to radical creative ideas voiced by employees: The role of leaders’ achievement goals We review three articles in which we examined how leaders’ achievement goals affect their reactions to creative ideas voiced by their employees. Across a series of studies, we expected and found that leaders pursuing performance goals (to do better than others) tend to be less receptive and more opposing to voiced creative ideas than leaders pursuing mastery goals (to do better than they did before). We also present and discuss our findings on the underlying mechanisms that can clarify why performance goal leaders react differently than mastery goal leaders as well as the boundary conditions under which performance goal leaders respond in similar ways to mastery goal leaders. We conclude that leaders’ achievement goals affect their reactions to voiced creative ideas and discuss the practical implications for leaders and organizations to get the most out of upward creative input.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Achievement Goals, Meta-Cognition And Academic Success In Pakistan

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Imran Yousuf ◽  
Shafqat Hussain ◽  
Shumaila Noreen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Mastery Goals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Education Academic ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The research was the replication of the study done by Coutinho (2006) and it aimed at finding the relationship between achievement goals, meta-cognition and academic success. Achievement goals were further divided into two types: mastery and performance. The participants were 119 students enrolled in M. A. Education, Department of Education at the University of Sargodha. The questionnaire used in the original study, along with Urdu translation, was administered to the participants. The questionnaire consisted of three sections measuring mastery goals, performance goals, and meta-cognition, respectively. The academic achievement record was taken from the Office of Department of Education. Academic achievement was taken as marked and obtained at the Matric, Intermediate, Bachelors, and M.A. levels. It was concluded there is no significant correlation between mastery goals and academic achievement. Similarly, there was no significant correlation between performance goals and academic achievement at Matric, Intermediate and Bachelor levels. However, negative correlation was observed between performance goals and achievement at the masters level. The researchers found no significant relationship between meta-cognition and academic achievement at all levels and there were no significant gender differences in mastery goals, performance goals and meta-cognition.

Social Comparison Before, During, and After the Competition

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Garcia ◽  
Zachary A. Reese ◽  
Avishalom Tor
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Upward Comparison ◽  
Entry Decisions

This chapter provides an overview of the interplay between social comparison and competition before, during, and after the competition. Competition is defined broadly to include an act or process of competition, explicit or implicit, linked to basic social comparison processes. Before the competition, the authors consider the lessons of the social comparison literature on motives, individual differences, cultural and social norms, and competition entry decisions. The authors then review relevant findings on the role of individual factors (personal and relational) as well as situational factors that affect motivation and competitive behavior during the competition. Finally, the chapter examines the social comparison literature on downward comparison, upward comparison, and competition re-entry decisions after the competition.

scholarly journals Effects of Performance Goals and Social Norms on Academic Dishonesty in a Test

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Daumiller ◽  
Stefan Janke
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
First Year ◽  
Manipulation Check ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Cheating Behavior ◽  
The Social

BackgroundPrevious research has shown that achievement goals affect the frequency of academic dishonesty. However, mixed findings suggest that especially the effect of performance goals might depend on contextual factors. AimsWe wanted to investigate whether crucial aspects of the achievement situation influence the magnitude of the effect of performance goals (here: focused on appearance) on dishonesty. Specifically, we propose that social norms regarding the acceptance of dishonesty moderate the positive effect of performance goals on academic dishonesty. SampleWe sampled 105 German university students. They were in their first year at university and on average 20.6 (SD = 3.6) years old (72.4% female).MethodWe conducted a 2 (induced appearance goals versus no goal induction) x 2 (cheating confederate versus no observable cheating behavior by this person) experiment. A manipulation check confirmed that the manipulation of appearance goals was successful. Cheating behavior was observed by a confederate student and subsequently classified by two raters. Additionally, participants’ dishonesty in self-presentation questions was measured using deviations from baseline measures.Results The induction of appearance goals only led to increased cheating when the social norm suggested that cheating behavior was an acceptable way to increase performance (i.e., cheating confederate condition). For deceiving, we found a positive main effect of appearance goals and a negative interaction effect.ConclusionsTaken together, our results highlight that the mixed findings on the effect of performance goals on academic dishonesty might be due to uninvestigated moderators such as social norms. Future research should build on these findings to identify additional moderators.

scholarly journals Peran Syukur sebagai Moderator Pengaruh Perbandingan Sosial terhadap Self-esteem pada Remaja Pengguna Media Sosial

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Johan Satria Putra
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
State Scale

<p>Adolescents consistently compare themselves with others they see on social media. This habit can bring up in them a sense of envy or inferiority, which then can lead to a decrease in self-esteem. Therefore, it is necessary to have aspects that can increase their confidence and optimism, including in term of spirituality, their sense of gratitude. The purpose of this study was to see the role of gratitude as moderating variable in the influence of social comparison on the self-esteem of social media adolescent users. The research was conducted using social comparison scale of Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orien­tation Scale (INCOM), gratitude scale, and self-esteem state scale, which were distributed to 200 social media adolescent users in DKI Jakarta, were involved through incidental sampling. The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant role of gratitude in influencing social comparison to change these participants’ self-esteem. The sense of gratitude served to increase these adolescents’ self-esteem, which previously decreased as a result of social comparison. This study had a number of weaknesses in the use of the instruments, especially the social comparison scale. Any similar study in the future is expected to focus more on one kind of social media.</p>

scholarly journals Istraživanja procesa socijalnog uspoređivanja: Osnovni teorijski i metodološki pristup

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Ćubela
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comparison Direction ◽  
Self Protection

This paper presents a review of some basic theories and empirical findings about the social comparison processes. Festinger’s theory of social comparison processes was not just the first attempt to systematically elaborate the role of these processes in self-evaluation, but remains also one of the most cited references in social comparison literature. After Festinger’s pioneering work, two basic lines in the development of this research area could be distinguished. The first line, which is based on Festinger’s basic assumption that people compare to others primarily when objective standards for self- evaluation are unavailable, is characterised by the research focus on the preference for specific directions of self-evaluative social comparisons and the relative importance in self-evaluation of social comparison and other types of comparisons, such as temporal comparisons. The second, more recent one, focused more on the consequences and the motives of social comparison, especially on the self-enhancement motive. It was established that these comparison processes are related to other motives as well (e. g. self-protection, self-improvement etc), and that, in addition to comparison direction and motives, the consequences of social comparison also depend on some other factors, such as an individual’s self-esteem level, personal control, his/her perceived closeness and similarity with comparison target, the nature of the comparison dimension etc. The last part of this paper presents an overview of the main methodological approaches in social comparison research, including some useful suggestions for the researchers with regard to some particular procedures and techniques for the assessment of social comparisons.

scholarly journals Ser e Parecer “Patricinha”: família, amigos e identidade na adolescência

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
South Zone

Baseado em pesquisa realizada com mais de 100 adolescentes de camadas médias e altas da Zona Sul do Rio de Janeiro, este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as configurações sociais que determinam os novos papéis da família, dos amigos e da indústria cultural na construção da noção de adolescência e das identiÜades entre os indivíduos que vivem esta fase da vida. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa quantitativa e das entrevistas pessoais realizadas, é feita uma reflexão sobre as representações na adolescência e sua contribuição para as formas de classificação que se estabelecem nas relações sociais. Entre outras questões, é destacada a categoria de acusação “patricinhas”. <br> <br> <B>Palavras-chave</B>: adolescência, família, gênero. <br> <br> <br> <B>Abstract</B>: Based on a research realized with more than 100 middle and high classes teenagers from South Zone of Rio de Janeiro, this article objectives to discuss the social configurations that determine the new role of family, friends and cultural industry on the construction of the notion of adolescence and the identities among the ones who live this phase of life. From the results of the quantitative research and the personal interviews realized, we make a reflection about the representations in adolescence and their contributions to the classification forms the are present in the social relations. Among other ìuestions, it is focused the accusation category “patricinhas”. <br> <br> <B>Key words</B>: adolescence, family, gender.

scholarly journals social and cultural issues in ‘The Slave Yards’

Twejer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 807-850
Author(s):  
Abdullah Bairam Younis ◽  
◽  
Amir Ahmed Hamad Amin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Other ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Popular Songs ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

The novel of ‘The Slave Yards’ by Najwa Bin Shatwan, is not only a biographic of his daughter Atiqa, in which they were lived through depression, and misery. Also, it is not a narration of Libya’s history, while the novel is about the intellectual, social and cultural issues. The author tried to present that matters in a high level. In general, that novel can be distinguished with the other novels in numerous social references, and the ability to identify them in a narrative form, in which the social references are related to the relationships of individuals with each other. The author tried to control the events, and to link the role of the characters to each other. Also, the author presents the events which they are imposed by reality, and in any changes their real social meaning will be changed as well. In this regard, we highlight those issues into two points: the first one is highlighting the traditions and customs, and the second one is highlighting the folklore songs, myths, and religious places. Key Words: Slave Carpets, Social references, Myths, Popular Songs, Customs

scholarly journals Effect of Social Comparison on Schadenfreude: Moderating Role of Interpersonal Jealousy among Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol volume 05 (issue 2) ◽  
pp. 314-324
Author(s):  
Uzma Hayat ◽  
Asma Rashid ◽  
Fareeha Arooj
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moderating Role

The study investigates the predictors of schadenfreude by studying the moderating role of interpersonal jea lousy. Firstly, the study intended to investigate the predictors of schadenfreude among adolescents university students. Secondly the study examined the moderating role of interpersonal jealousy between interpersonal jealousy and social comparison. In this regard, Social comparison leads towards schadenfreude and interpersonal jealousy were moderate their relationship at adolescent’s age. Participants comprised of 300 adolescent’s. Data was collected by administering schadenfreude Questionnaire, Batool, 2013. Interpersonal jealousy Questionnaire and social comparison Questionnaire. SPSS-20 has been used for data analysis. The study has been administered. Social comparison had positive correlation with Schadenfreude. Interpersonal jealousy had Positive correlation with Schadenfreude. Thus the Social comparison and interpersonal jealousy are positive analysts of schadenfreude.

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