EFFECT OF PROTEASE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILERS

Premise of the study was to validate the growth promoting eff ect of protease on the performance and to explore its digestion enhancer eff ect in broiler chicks. For this purpose 4 commercial diets were divided into two types (low and high density) and were enriched with protease using a completely randomized design with 4 replicates per diet having 10 chicks each having totaled 200 poultry broiler chickens (day-old). Until 14 days, no eff ects were observed on chicks however at day 14; little variations were observed on weight gain, feed intake and FCR (feed conversion ratio) among the enzyme enriched diets. At day 28, prominent response of protease supplementation in low protein was procured. The chicks gained 10.06 and 8.0 % more weight on CFP1 than CFG1 and CFG2, respectively. Similar response in FCR was observed and was found to be 0.20 and 0.15 points better on CFP1 than on CFG1 and CFG2, respectively. However, CFP2 failed to show protease effi cacy declining the weight gain by 23.01 % while the FCR by 0.49 points as compared with CFP1. This suggested that the nature of feed ingredients in the diets is important for obtaining maximum benefi t of protease supplementation. The overall performance indicated signifi cant response to enzyme supplemented diets. Among the low protein diets CP digestibility remained unchanged but they were diff erent in sparing AME (apparent metabolizable energy) for chicks. The CFP2 spared 98.21 kcal/Kg more AME than CFP1. However, this increased AME values did not help to boost the performance and was attributed to the widening ratio between CP and AME. These results demonstrated that the overall growth response of chicks was improved on low protein diet enriched with protease. It showed higher CP digestibility and AME values than good quality diets. However, the inconsistent results observed within the two types of diets revealed that the nature of diets might have infl uenced the effi cacy of protease. Key words: Broilers, digestibility, protease, FCR, Feed intake.

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Performance and slaughter characteristics of broiler chickens fed different sources of maggot meal

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v44i2.1011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 262-270

Author(s):

O. O. Egbewande ◽

A. A. Jimoh ◽

B. Y. Amore ◽

B. Y. Amore

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Performance Indices ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Sources

In this study, the effect of three different sources of maggot meals was conducted to evaluate the performance and slaughter characteristics of broiler chickens. Five diets were formulated to include Diet 1 (control) which contained 3.5 % fish meal, while Diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 3.5% maggot meal from broiler droppings (BMM),maggot meal from layers droppings (LMM) and maggot meal from rabbit faeces (RMM) respectively. Eighty (80) dayold unsexed Marshall Broilers were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). Thedietary treatments had 20 birds each with two (2) replicates. Data were generated on proximate analysis and performance indices including feed intake and weight gain, slaughter characteristics and mortality rate. They were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means significantly different were separated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% probability level. Results from proximate analysis showed that maggots from layer droppings had the highest crude protein and ether extract. Results on performance indices showed that birds fed on diet 3 (layer maggot meal) had significantly (P<0.05) best performance than others as regards feed intake. Layer maggot meal (LMM) in this study enhanced bestproductive performance compared to those from broiler and rabbit maggot.Birds fed layer maggot meal had the best (1.85) feed conversion ratio. They also had the best body weight gain (2501g) and feed intake (4627g). In conclusion, layer maggot meal is recommended as analternative animal protein source to expensive fish meal.

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Effect of stocking density on performance, carcass yield, productivity, and bone development in broiler chickens Cobb 500®

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2705 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2705

Author(s):

Cleoneide Dos Santos Henrique ◽

Andréia Fróes Galuci Oliveira ◽

Thales Silva Ferreira ◽

Eduardo Santos Silva ◽

Bruna Finotti Fonseca Reis de Mello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Bone Development ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Live Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Total Phase ◽

Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to assess the effect of stocking density of 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds m?2 on performance, carcass and cut yields, productivity, and bone development of broiler chickens Cobb 500®. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments (stocking densities) and four replications. The assessments were performed weekly at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The best live weight result was found at a density of 10 birds m?2 in the period from 1 to 7 days. No effect of density was observed on feed intake and weight gain. From 1 to 14 days, the best live weights were found at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2, in addition to a higher feed intake at densities of 10 and 12 birds m?2. Weight gain was better at a density of 10 birds m?2, showing no differences from densities of 12 and 14 birds m?2. In the period from 1 to 21 days, live weight and weight gain were higher at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2. The highest feed intake was observed at a density of 10 birds m?2, which showed no difference from the density of 14 birds m?2. A difference (P < 0.05) was observed for live weight, weight gain, and feed intake of animals reared at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2 for the phases from 1 to 35 days and the total phase from 1 to 42 days of bird age when compared to 16 birds m?2, which presented lower performance. However, feed conversion of 1-7, 1-14, 1-21, 1-35, and 1-42 days and carcass and cut characteristics showed no significant differences for all treatments. On the other hand, productivity was higher in the treatments with 14 and 16 birds m?2, but without difference between each other. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between stocking density and age for the assessed bone parameters. Similarly, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed for bone development of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities for the studied parameters. Thus, the increased density of 10 or 12 birds m?2 to 14 birds m?2 has no influence on zootechnical performance, carcass and cut yields, and bone development, but increases broiler chicken productivity reared in a conventional shed without air conditioning.

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Compensatory growth in broiler chicks fed on Lemna gibba

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19920092 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 329-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. T. Haustein ◽

R. H. Gilman ◽

P. W. Skillicorn ◽

V. Guevara ◽

F. Díaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Lemna Gibba ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

High Concentrations

The growth of broiler chickens on diets containing various levels of Lemna gibba was evaluated. Groups of broiler chicks were fed on diets containing 0-400 g Lemna gibba/kg for 3 weeks. These chickens were then changed to standard diets for a further 2 weeks. As the level of Lemna gibba increased, feed consumption and weight gain decreased. However, when diets were changed to the standard diet, compensatory growth was observed. In a second experiment, diets were formulated with a metabolizable energy of 5.02 MJ (1200 kcal)/kg Lemna gibba and included a finer-milled Lemna gibba. Chickens were fed on diets containing 0-300 g Lemna gibba/kg for 4 weeks. Each group was then divided into two subgroups. For the next 2 weeks one of these sub-groups was maintained on the experimental (Lemna gibba) diets (LL), while the other sub-group was changed to a standard diet (LS). Bird fed at levels above 150 g Lemna gibba/kg had decreased consumption and weight gain. These birds when changed to a standard diet tended to have increased weight gain compared with chickens continuously fed standard rations. LS birds had significantly higher weight gains and feed consumption and lower feed conversion than LL birds. In contrast to older birds, chicks fed on Lemna gibba at high concentrations showed growth retardation. When changed back to a standard diet they demonstrated normal or compensatory growth.

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The impact of raw and cooked wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) on the performance of broiler chicks

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1201119o ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 119-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.N. Onu ◽

F.N. Madubuike

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The Impact

This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of raw and cooked wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) on the performance of broiler chicks. Wild cocoyam corms were divided into two batches. One batch was ground raw and the other batch was cooked before grinding. Wild cocoyam meals so prepared were used to formulate 5 broiler starter diets at dietary inclusion levels of 0, 10 and 20% raw and cooked wild cocoyam respectively. 180 7-day-old Anak broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the five treatment diets in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and each group was further subdivided into three replicates of 12 birds. Measurements recorded included weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios and economics of production. Results shows significant (p<0.05) improvement in feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and PER of birds fed cooked wild cocoyam meals. Marked (p<0.05) reduction was however, obtained in feed intake and feed conversion ratio of birds fed raw wild cocoyam diets. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference between birds fed maize-based (control) and cooked wild cocoyam diets. Results of this experiment indicated that cooking improved the nutritive value of wild cocoyam since birds fed cooked wild cocoyam diets produced best results than those fed raw wild cocoyam meal and that starter broilers could tolerate up to 20% dietary inclusion level of cooked wild cocoyam without any deleterious effect. Economics of production showed that cooked wild cocoyam diets were more profitable as regards the cost of feed per kg weight gain (N) and thus cost savings (%).

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THE EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AT THE STARTER PHASE ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v34i1.2430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

M Tion ◽

M. T. Orga ◽

I. A. Adeka

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Live Weight ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Ad Libitum

Two hundred and twenty five day old straight run broiler chicks were utilized in completely randomized design to test the effect of restricting feed intake of four groups of chicks to 92.5% 85.0%, 77.5% and 70.0% of the unrestricted (control) group in the starter phase and following adlibitum feeding for all groups in the finisher phase. The treatments were simply designated as A, B, C, D and E. The starter phase in which the restriction was carried out lasted 28 days and the finisher phase 42 days. Parameters evaluated during the starter and finisher phases included; growth rate, feed conversion ration and mortality rate. Results show gain in weight among all groups while the group fed diet B and the control had comparable weight gain at the starter phase. The percentage weight difference between the control and each of the other dietary groups was: 4.4%, 8.4%, 8.6% and 10.4% for the treatments B, C, D and E respectively. Feed gain ration improved as the level of restriction became stricter. Following ad-libitum feeding of all grops at the finisher phase, the feed restricted groups at the starter phase voraciously increased their feed intake, thus, producing comparable performance values with the unrestricted (control) group in weight gain in the 8th week of the study. Although birds in all groups averaged more than 2000g final live weight in 10weeks, significant differences exist between groups that were fed diets C, D, and E that were restricted at the starter phase, an indication that complete compensatory growth was not obtainable. Feed gain ration improved for restricted groups. Mortality rate did not show any trend attributable to levels of feed restriction. This study shows that broiler chicks fed restricted levels of balanced diet at the starter phase but later fed ad-libitum at the finisher phase could attain a finished weight of about 2000g or more at a market age of 10 weeks (70 days) with an improvement in feed gain ration.

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Purified glycerin in balanced diets for chicken broilers from 8 to 21 days old

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v35n5a2019-39540 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Mônica Calixto da Silva ◽

Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira Vaz ◽

Kênia Ferreira Rodrigues ◽

Luciano Fernanades Sousa ◽

José Henrique Stringhini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Control Diet ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Final Weight ◽

Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽

Completely Randomized Design

This paper aimed to evaluate the metabolizability, performance and economic viability of purified glycerin inclusion in balanced diets fed to chicken broilers from 8 to 21 days old. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 100 broilers (14 days old) were distributed in a completely randomized design into two treatments, with five replications of 10 broilers. Treatments consisted of a control diet and a test diet, in which purified glycerin replaced 10% of the control diet. In the second experiment, 200 broilers (8 days old) were distributed in a completely randomized design into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6% of purified glycerin inclusion), with five replications of 10 broilers. The weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, final weight, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (DMMC), crude protein (CPMC) and gross energy (GEMC), and the cost of feed per kg of broiler produced were evaluated. The AME, AMEn, DMMC, CPMC and GEMC from the purified glycerin were 3790 and 3560 kcal/kg, and 83.72, 71.52 and 86.27%, respectively. The glycerin levels did not affect (p>0.05) any of the performance characteristics (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight). The lowest feeding cost and the highest gross margin were obtained for broilers fed with 6% purified glycerin. The inclusion of 6% purified glycerin in balanced diets for broilers from 8 to 21 days old was technically and economically feasible.

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Productive performance of broiler chickens fed tomato waste

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000500018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1074-1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rosa Cavalcante Lira ◽

Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello ◽

Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke ◽

Paulo Vanderlei Ferreira ◽

Geraldo Roberto Quintão Lana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Breeding Period ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Tomato Waste ◽

Randomized Design

Aiming to evaluate the effect of tomato waste inclusion on productive performance and characteristics of carcass and main broiler chicken cuts, an experiment was carried out using 300 male Cobb chicks, distributed in a complete randomized design, with five rations and five replicates. Diets consisted of control ration based on corn and soybean meal and four rations with 5, 10, 15 and 20% of tomato waste. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion and, at the end of experiment, slaughter weight, gutted carcass without feet and head, breast, drumstick, thigh, wing, back, edible guts and belly fat were evaluated every week, as well as it was the yield. Tomato waste increased feed intake in the periods from 1 to 7, 8 to 14 and 29 to 36 days of age and worsened gain weight and feed conversion of broiler chickens up to 29 days of age. Regarding carcass weight (g) and weight of the noble parts, breast, drumstick and thighs decreased linearly in function of the use of tomato waste in poultry on pre- initial and initial phase, that is, up to 28 days old, but yield (%) was not affected except for yield of heart and liver. Use of tomato waste in ration of broiler chickens during the period from 1 to 28 days may decrease weight gain and worsen food conversion. Tomato waste may be used as ration ingredient in ration of broiler chicken in the breeding period from 29 to 42 days of age up to the level of 20% without harming weight gain and feed conversion of poultry.

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Performance of broiler with feeding different levels of palm oil

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19384 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51

Author(s):

GB Das ◽

ME Hossain ◽

MA Akbar

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Live Weight ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Free Access ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Levels

Six hundred day-old unsexed broiler chicks were used in a 42-day trial to compare the effects of different levels of palm oil supplementation on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and carcass quality of broilers. The chicks were randomly distributed following a completely randomized design in four treatment groups having three replications per treatment. Each treatment had 150 broilers with 50 broilers per replicate. Four diets were formulated using locally available ingredients as diet without oil, diets containing 2.5%, 3.0% and 3.5% palm oil. All broilers had free access to ad libitum feeding. Results indicated that, supplementation of diets with different levels of palm oil significantly (p<0.05) influenced feed intake of broiler only at the age of 6th week. It was observed that as the level of supplementation increased, feed intake gradually decreased up to 6th week. Supplementation of diets with different levels of palm oil increased live weight gain of broilers. Differences (p<0.01) were observed at the end of 4th, 5th and 6th weeks of age only. Use of different levels of palm oil significantly (p<0.05) changed blood weight, heart weight and dressed weight. Survivability of broilers was higher in the supplemented group compared with without oil group. It was concluded that, supplementation of palm oil at 3.5% level in the diet of broilers resulted higher weight gain, better feed conversion and improved carcass characteristics comparing other levels. It may be concluded that supplementation of palm oil at 3.5% level in the diet of broilers resulted significantly (p>0.05) higher feed conversion ratio compared to 2.5% and 3.0% levels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19384 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (1): 45-51

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AVALIAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES FONTES E NÍVEIS DE SELÊNIO PARA FRANGOS DE CORTE EM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS

Archives of Veterinary Science ◽

10.5380/avs.v10i1.4080 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. DAHLKE ◽

E. GONZALES ◽

R.L. FURLAN ◽

A.C. GADELHA ◽

A. MAIORKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Randomized Design ◽

De Se ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Environmental Temperatures ◽

Different Sources

Foram avaliados os parâmetros zootécnicos de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com diferentes fontes e níveis de selênio (Se), criados sob diferentes condições de temperatura. Foram utilizados 720 pintainhos, Cobb-500, em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 2 (3 temperaturas ambiente: termoneutra, fria e quente; 2 níveis de suplementação de Se: nível A e B; e 2 fontes de Se: orgânica e inorgânica), com 4 repetições de 15 aves. Os níveis A e B de Se na ração inicial (1 a 21 dias) e de crescimento (22 a 42 dias) foram 0,15 e 0,30 mg/kg e 0,20 e 0,40 mg/kg, respectivamente. Selenometionina foi usada como fonte de Se orgânico e selenito de sódio, inorgânico. Os frangos criados em condições de estresse por calor apresentaram uma redução no consumo de ração e ganho de peso. Não houve influência da suplementação das diferentes fontes ou níveis de Se no ganho de peso, consumo de ração ou conversão alimentar. Os resultados são indicativos de que a suplementação de Se não melhora o desempenho de frangos de corte criados em condições de temperatura adversa. Evaluation of different sources and selenium levels for broilers at different temperatures Abstract This study evaluated the effect of selenium (Se) diet supplementation on productive parameters of broiler chickens raised under different temperatures, in a complete randomized design with 3 x 2 x 2 factorial schedule (3 environmental temperatures: cold, neutral and hot; 2 levels and two Se sources) with 4 repetitions of 15 birds. The levels of Se in rations for initial and growth phases were: 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg; and 0.20 and 0.40 mg/kg, respectively. The organic and inorganic sources of selenium were selenomethionine and sodium selenite, respectively. There were a reducing in broiler feed intake and weight gain of the broilers housed in the hot temperature. Selenium levels or sources did not affect the weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. It was concluded that Se supplementation did no affect the broiler performance, housed under adverse environmental temperature.

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PÓLEN APÍCOLA COMO ADITIVO EM DIETAS PARA FRANGOS DE CORTE

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i5.5865 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 551 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rômulo Batista Rodrigues ◽

Luiz Eduardo Avelar Pucci ◽

Juliano Uczay ◽

Mabel Molinari ◽

Rafael Lazzari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Efficiency Index ◽

Productive Efficiency ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Villus Height ◽

Nutrition Supplementation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Intestinal Morphometry

O pólen apícola é um produto natural constituído por vários nutrientes, rico em aminoácidos livres e com baixo teor de gordura, além de propriedades profiláticas e terapêuticas, desta maneira é uma excelente opção na nutrição animal e pode oferecer benefícios ao desempenho e saúde dos animais de produção. Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o uso de pólen apícola em dietas para frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 105 pintos machos com um dia de idade, linhagem Cobb 500® (peso inicial = 38,95 ± 2,37g), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e alimentados durante 42 dias. Foram utilizados três tratamentos, com diferentes níveis de inclusão de pólen apícola (0, 15.000, 30.000 mg/kg) e cinco repetições. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: desempenho zootécnico (consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, viabilidade e índice de eficiência produtiva), características de carcaças (rendimento de carcaça, peito, coxa e sobrecoxa, asas, fígado, moela e coração) e histomorfometria intestinal (profundidade de cripta, largura da vilosidade e altura da vilosidade). Observou-se diferença entre os tratamentos sobre os parâmetros de ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, índice de eficiência produtiva, rendimento de coxa e sobre coxa, de fígado, de coração e moela dos frangos de corte. Na análise de histomorfometria intestinal, a altura da vilosidade foi diferente entre os tratamentos. Recomenda-se a utilização de 30.000 mg/kg de pólen apícola na dieta por melhorar o desempenho dos frangos de corte.Palavras-chave: aves, desempenho zootécnico, nutrição, suplementação. POLLEN AS ADDITIVES IN DIETS FOR BROILERS ABSTRACT:The bee pollen is a natural product consisting of several nutrients, rich in free amino acids and low in fat, and prophylactic and therapeutic properties, so it is an excellent choice in animal nutrition and can offer benefits to the performance and health of animals of production. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of pollen in diets for broilers. We used 105 broiler chicks of one day old Cobb 500 (initial weight = 38.95 ± 2.37 g) in a completely randomized design and fed for 42 days. Three treatments were used, with different inclusion levels of pollen (0, 15000 and 30000 mg/kg) and five replications. We evaluated the following variables: performance (feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, feasibility and Productive Efficiency Ratio), carcass traits (carcass yield, breast, leg and thigh, wings, liver, gizzard and heart) and rates of intestinal morphometry (crypt depth, villus width and villus height). It was observed a difference between treatments on the parameters of weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, productive efficiency index, yield and thigh on thigh, liver, heart and gizzard of broilers. In morphometric analysis intestinal villus height was between treatments. It is recommended to use 30,000 mg / kg of pollen in the diet to improve the performance of broilers.Keywords: chicken, growth performance, nutrition, supplementation.

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