scholarly journals Long-term dynamics of radionuclide contamination formation in the industrial іchthyofauna of the Kaniv Reservoir

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
V. Skiba ◽  
N. Prisyazhnyuk ◽  
O. Volkova ◽  
V. Belyaev ◽  
S. Prishlyak
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Radionuclide Contamination ◽  
Carnivorous Species

The aim the study is to determine the temporal parameters of the long-lived radionuclides specific activity decrease in the commercial fish species of the Kaniv Reservoir for the period 1987–2021. Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Blissa bjoerkna, Abramis brama, Pelecus cultratus (peaceful species) and Esox lucius, Stizostedion lucioperca (carnivorous species) were selected in the middle and lower parts of the reservoir in January 2021 to determine the current levels of radioactive contamination in the representatives of the commercial ichthyofauna of the Kaniv Reservoir. The specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs was determined in the entire body of fish by conventional radiochemical and gamma-spectrometric methods. The analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the radionuclides content in the representatives of the reservoir ichthyofauna was carried out on the basis of the results of studies of 90Sr and 137Cs content in fish during 1987–2012 and their specific activity in the body in 2021. In 2021, the average specific activity of 90Sr in fish was 0.6–1.6 Bq/kg, 137Cs - 2.4–13.2 Bq/kg. According to the results of previous studies, the average specific content of 90Sr in the fish of the Kaniv Reservoir decreased by approximately 6.5 times - from 60 ± 30 to 9 ± 3 Bq / kg during 1987-1993, and by 2003 it decreased by another 5 times up to 1.8 ± 0.8 Bq / kg and did not exceed the values recorded in freshwater fish in Ukraine before the Chernobyl accident in 1979–1985. Consequently, during the period of 2003–2021 the levels of 90Sr content in fish from the Kaniv Reservoir remained virtually unchanged. Based on the data on 137Cs accumulation in various feeding types fish in the Kaniv Reservoir, time parameters describing a decrease in the element specific activity were determined. During 1987–2021 the rate of decrease in 137Cs content in peaceful and predatory fish did not differ significantly and amounted to 0.10 ± 0.01 year-1, the period of effective half-decrease was 6.7 ± 0.7 years. Analysis of long-term data made it possible to distinguish 2 periods during which the specific activity of 137Cs in the fish organism decreased at different rates. In 1987-2004, 137Cs content levels in peaceful fish decreased from 70 ± 22 to 6.1 ± 2.2 Bq/kg, in carnivorous species - from 202 ± 41 to 19.8 ± 7.6 B/ kg, i.e. approximately by 10–11 times, which corresponds to a half-decrease of about 6 years. In 2004–2021 the element content in peaceful fish decreased to 2.9 ± 0.7 Bq/kg, in predatory fish - to 7.3 ± 4.1 Bq/kg, that is, by another 2–3 times, which corresponds to a half-decrease of 12 ± 3 years. Thus, it was found that the rate of decrease in 137Cs specific activity in fish slows down over time. The obtained parameters will make it possible to predict with a high degree of accuracy the dynamics of the radionuclide contamination formation in ichthyofauna in the event of artificial radionuclides entering aquatic ecosystems as a result of emergency situations. Key words: Kaniv Reservoir, fish, radionuclides, longterm dynamics, rate of decrease.

The issue of assessment of efficiency of works on land reclamation fisheries in inland waters of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Andrey Dmitrievich Bykov ◽  
Svetlana Yuryevna Brazhnik
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Commercial Fish

The article considers the issue of assessing the long-term results of work on fisheries reclamation in inland waters of fisheries significance in Russia, carried out by the branches of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Glavrybvod” on the state task in terms of their effectiveness. The relationship between dredging and clearing of watercourse beds and the dynamics of the number of producers of semi-navigable and non-aquatic fish in these rivers during spawning migrations has not been established. With long-term mowing of wetland vegetation in the shallow waters of reservoirs, deltas of large rivers and estuaries, there is no increase in their commercial fish productivity. A number of examples show the opposite effect of this type of work, which leads to a local deterioration of the ecological state of these reservoirs. At the same time, the repeatedly proven method of combating higher aquatic vegetation in the reservoirs of the south of Russia in low water conditions as biomelioration, based on the introduction of fish, consumers of autotrophic products by regional branches of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Glavrybvod” is practically not used. When installing artificial spawning grounds in the littoral zone of reservoirs, regular ichthyological monitoring of the effectiveness of spawning on them is not carried out. There are no reliable data confirming the significant positive impact of artificial spawning grounds on the population dynamics of commercial fish species of the limnophilic ecological group under conditions of significant spring water level depletion in Russian reservoirs. When catching predatory and low-value fish species in water bodies, legal obstacles arise due to the fact that the volume of seizure of predatory fish includes commercial objects for which the ODE is established annually and their catch is already carried out according to industrial quotas.

scholarly journals PLEROCERCOIDS OF CESTODES OF THE DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM GENUS OF SALMONIDS FROM THE LOWER AND MIDDLE OB

2019 ◽  
pp. 447-453
Author(s):  
Osipov ◽  
Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Program Monitoring ◽  
The Third ◽  
Irtysh Basin

Since 2009, the Tyumen branch of the FGBNU “VNIRO” (“Gosrybtsentr”) has been carrying out the program “Monitoring of infection of commercial fish of the Ob-Irtysh basin with helminths dangerous to human health and carnivorous animals”. As part of the implementation of this program, in 2016–2018, a study of salmon-shaped (whitefish and pike) was conducted for the presence of plerocercoids of the genus Diphyllobothrium, which are characteristic of fish in the Ob-Irtysh basin. Freshly caught fish was taken for the study, which ensured the presence of live larvae and the differentiation of the desired plerocercoids. In this case, the method of parallel cuts of the muscles, a visual examination of the body cavity, organs located in it, and microscopy of compressed fat from the intestine was used. Two types of plerocercoids difillobotriid were found in whitefish (D. dendriticum and D. ditremum). The main carrier of these larvae is peled, other species of whitefish, although they become infected, but are secondary intermediate hosts. Comparing the infection of peled with plerocercoids, diphyllobothriide, firstly, it is necessary to point out the simultaneous parasitization of capsulated D. dendriticum and D. ditremum on the intestine (esophagus and stomach). Secondly, the prevalence of D. ditremum over D. dendriticum in terms of the extensiveness of infection. The third type difillobotriid D. latum (wide tapeworm) parasitizes only predatory fish, including pike.

Database of the results of radioecological monitoring of contaminated agricultural lands of the Tula NIISH

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Krechetnikovа ◽  
Viktor Krechetnikov ◽  
Igor Titov ◽  
Vladimir Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
Radioecological Monitoring ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Agricultural Areas

For the radioactively contaminated territory of the Tula Research Institute of Agriculture, a database has been created for storing spatially oriented information. The created database contains information about the location of agricultural areas; crop rotation structure; distribution of values of specific activity of 137Cs on agricultural lands; agrochemical indicators of soils of agricultural territories (content of humus, potassium, phosphorus, acidity); soil types; relief. It also contains a calculation module for assessing the content of 137Cs in crop and livestock products. The accumulated data array will be used for designing adaptive landscape farming systems using information on the 137Cs content in the soil generalized over a long-term period.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE-RADICAL PROCESSES IN THE ORGANISMS OF SOME PREDATORY FISH SPECIES IN DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR

2017 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Pudovkin ◽  
Peter Vladimirovich Smutnev
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pike Perch

The authors of the article have studied the content of the elements of anti-oxidant system (malondialdehyde, catalase, selenium) in tissues of the internal organs (gills, intestine, muscles, liver, swimbladder, scales) in some species of predatory fish (pike Esox lucius (L., 1758), perch Perca fluviatilis (L., 1758), pike-perch Sander lucioperca (L., 1758), catfish Silurus glanis ) widespread in the basin of the Volga river in the Saratov region. The lowest concentration of malondialdehyde in organisms of the studied fish species is observed in fall and winter; the highest - in spring and summer. Catalase activity in gills tissue of a pike raised in 11.8%, cat-fish - 9.1%, pike-perch - 7.5%, perch - 7.8%. In fall (compared to winter) enzyme activity lowering in gonads of pike-perch makes 16.3%, in gonads of perch - 14.4%. In other tissues there were not observed any evident changes of catalase activity. Fish species under consideration are listed according to the average value of selenium concentration in organisms, µg/g: pike (0.208) > catfish (0.207) > pike-perch (0.196) > perch (0.178). According to the average value of the selenium accumulation in the body in different season all the studied species can be placed in the following order, µg/g: winter-pike (0.132) > pike-perch (0.136) > perch and catfish (0.142); spring - pike-perch (0.190) > perch (0.191) > pike (0.208) > catfish (0.209); summer - perch (0.186) > pike-perch (0.190) > catfish and pike (0.203); autumn - perch (0.193) > pike-perch (0.268) > > catfish (0.274) > pike (0.289).

Basic principles for assessing the safety of fish products from the ponds exposed to the influence of nuclear fuel cycle enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
A. V. Trapeznikov ◽  
V. N. Trapeznikova ◽  
A. V. Korzhavin ◽  
V. N. Nikolkin ◽  
A. P. Plataev
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
River System ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Irtysh River

Relevance. In connection with the development of nuclear energy, many aquatic ecosystems have been exposed to radioactive substances. Fish, as an element of biota, is capable to accumulate radionuclides. However, fish is a traditional food. The control of the technogenic radionuclides accumulation level in the ichthyofauna is an important link in ensuring human security.Intention. To analyze the long-term data on the content of long-lived technogenic radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in the ichthyofauna of the Ob-Irtysh river system for the period from 2004 to 2016 and Beloyarsky pond for the period from 1977 to 2018.Methodology. Fish as a food product was assessed according to two criteria: a) permissible levels of specific activity of radionuclides (SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01); b) using the indicator of conformity B and the uncertainty of its definition В (GOST 32161-2013 and GOST 32163-2013).Results and Discussion. Fish of all species that live in the river Tetcha, is not suitable for food use according to the criteria of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01, GOST 32161-2013 and GOST 32163-2013. The fish of the Ob-Irtysh river system, the habitat of which is located outside the Tetcha, meets the requirements for fish products. In the period from 1977 to 1989 in the Beloyarsk pond the accumulations of technogenic radionuclides in fish in quantities exceeding sanitary and hygienic standards were possible. Currently, the fish of the Beloyarsky pond fully complies with the sanitary and hygienic requirements for the radiation factor and is safe for human consumption.Conclusion. In the ponds exposed to the atomic energy enterprises, it is necessary to continuously monitor the content of long-lived technogenic radionuclides in fish and assess their amount in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 and using the conformity indicator В and the uncertainty of its determination В. 

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

Comparative assessment of morphological mechanisms of maintaining structural liver homeostasis in the dynamics of exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride on the body

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
M. S. Bugaeva ◽  
O. I. Bondarev ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Level ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Homeostasis ◽  
Rock Dust

Introduction. The impact on the body of such factors of the production environment as coal-rock dust and fluorine compounds leads to certain shift s in strict indicators of homeostasis at the system level. Maintaining the relative constancy of the internal environment of the body is provided by the functional consistency of all organs and systems, the leading of which is the liver. Organ repair plays a crucial role in restoring the structure of genetic material and maintaining normal cell viability. When this mechanism is damaged, the compensatory capabilities of the organ are disrupted, homeostasis is disrupted at the cellular and organizational levels, and the development of the main pathological processes is noted.The aim of the study is to compare the morphological mechanisms of maintaining structural homeostasis of the liver in the dynamics of the impact on the body of coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on adult white male laboratory rats. Features of morphological mechanisms for maintaining structural homeostasis of the liver in the dynamics of exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride were studied on experimental models of pneumoconiosis and fluoride intoxication. For histological examination in experimental animals, liver sampling was performed after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks of the experiment.Results. The specificity of morphological changes in the liver depending on the harmful production factor was revealed. It is shown that chronic exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride is characterized by the development of similar morphological changes in the liver and its vessels from the predominance of the initial compensatory-adaptive to pronounced violations of the stromal and parenchymal components. Long-term inhalation of coal-rock dust at 1–3 weeks of seeding triggers adaptive mechanisms in the liver in the form of increased functional activity of cells, formation of double-core hepatocytes, activation of immunocompetent cells and endotheliocytes, ensuring the preservation of the parenchyma and the general morphostructure of the organ until the 12th week of the experiment. Exposure to sodium fluoride leads to early disruption of liver compensatory mechanisms and the development of dystrophic changes in the parenchyma with the formation of necrosis foci as early as the 6th week of the experiment.Conclusions. The study of mechanisms for compensating the liver structure in conditions of long-term exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride, as well as processes that indicate their failure, and the timing of their occurrence, is of theoretical and practical importance for developing recommendations for the timely prevention and correction of pathological conditions developing in employees of the aluminum and coal industry.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Immunological mechanisms of chronic liver lesions under the influence of chemicals

2020 ◽  
pp. 536-537
Author(s):  
G. S. Agzamova ◽  
M. M. Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
T System

The immunological profile of chronic liver lesions depending on the toxic agent was studied. It was revealed that chronic poisoning by industrial toxic substances causes changes in the functional state of the T-system of immunity, long-term contact with industrial chemicals leads to increased sensitization to autoantigens of the body.

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