Seroprevalence of infectious bronchitis virus in different types of chicken in Bangladesh

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious viral disease of the chicken. It is possibly the most economically important viral respiratory disease of chicken after Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease. The virus also affects the female reproductive tract, causing poor quality of egg and loss of egg production. The study was conducted in four types of chicken (broiler, layer, sonali and Deshi) from 7 sub-districts under 4 districts of Bangladesh. Total 833 blood samples from 103 farms were collected and subjected to indirect ELISA test by commercially available IBV ELISA kits to detect specific antibodies against IBV. In overall 59.30% seroprevalence observed, 23.82% was found in broiler, 97.87% in layer, 71.83% in sonali and 83.46% in Deshi types of chickens. Broiler samples showed lowest seroprevalence with high CV (CV%=171.38), among them 76.18% were not seroconvert because of high maternal antibody or poor vaccine response. Layers showed highest seroprevalence with CV% 58.86 that is 18.00% chickens shows titer above 14000 which indicated field infection. Deshi chickens were not commercially vaccinated even though they had high seroprevalence rates 83.46% with mean titer 5333 and CV% 79.88, indicating that IBV is circulating as endemic diseases in the selected areas. Sonali chickens now reared as commercial chicken, have lower seroprevalence rates with mean titer 3160, CV% 128.39 indicating that these birds were not properly vaccinated as they required. To prevent the flocks from IBV, live and attenuated vaccination is required according to circulating strains.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 132-136

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Pathogenicity of the Canadian Delmarva (DMV/1639) Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) on Female Reproductive Tract of Chickens

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13122488 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2488

Author(s):

Mohamed S. H. Hassan ◽

Ahmed Ali ◽

Sabrina M. Buharideen ◽

Dayna Goldsmith ◽

Carla S. Coffin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Production Sector ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Specific Pathogen

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection causes significant economic losses to various sectors of the poultry industry worldwide. Over the past few years, the incidence of false layer syndrome in Eastern Canadian layer flocks has been associated with the increased prevalence of the IBV Delmarva (DMV)/1639 strain. In this study, 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) hens were infected with the Canadian DMV/1639 strain and observed until 16 weeks of age in order to determine if the IBV DMV/1639 strain is causing false layer syndrome. Early after infection, the virus showed a wide tissue distribution with characteristic gross and histopathological lesions in the respiratory tract and kidney. Around 60–70% of the infected hens demonstrated continuous cloacal viral shedding until the end of the experiment (at 16 weeks) which was associated with high IBV genome loads detected in the cecal tonsils. The experiment confirmed the field observations that the Canadian DMV/1639 strain is highly pathogenic to the female reproductive tract causing marked cystic lesions in the oviduct. Moreover, significant histopathological damage was observed in the ovary. Our study provides a detailed description of the pathological consequences of the IBV DMV/1639 strain circulating in an important poultry production sector.

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Infectious bronchitis virus from chickens in Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia 2015-2016

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.424-433 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 424-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Musaed Abdulaziz Alsultan ◽

Mohamed Ali Alhammadi ◽

Maged Gomaa Hemida

Keyword(s):

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

S1 Gene ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Chicken Population ◽

Commercial Chicken ◽

Tissue Specimens ◽

High Degree

Aim: This study aimed to isolate some of the currently circulating infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains from some broiler chicken farms in Al-Hasa and to do some molecular characteristics of these strains. Materials and Methods: We collected 300 tissue specimens, including the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and kidneys from some four commercial chicken farms showing respiratory manifestations. We tested these tissue specimens by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and gel-based PCR. We selected some PCR positive samples for isolation in the embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). We sequenced some PCR-positive samples and conducted phylogenetic analysis based on the obtained sequences. Results: Our molecular surveillance revealed that 31.6% of the tested specimens were IBV positive by PCR. We selected some positive specimens showing low Ct values by the qRT-PCR for virus isolation by the ECE. The infected eggs showed hemorrhage, dwarfing, and death in some cases after three passages in the ECE. We sequenced some of the positive PCR specimens and used the obtained sequences to draw the phylogenetic tree based on the partial IBV-ORF-1a, N, and S1 gene sequences. The phylogenetic trees based on the IBV-N and S1 gene sequences showed that the circulating IBV strains in Al-Hasa during 2016 was showing a high degree of identity to some strains from Taiwan and Italy. Meanwhile, the grouping of these strains based on the IBV-S1 sequences revealed that the currently circulating IBV strains in Al-Hasa belonged to Gr.I.7 along with strains from Taiwan. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the continuous circulation of the IBV among the chicken population in Al-Hasa despite the intensive application of vaccines against this virus.

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Classical and Variant Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ps039-2002 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 2003 (16) ◽

Author(s):

Gary D. Butcher ◽

David P. Shapiro ◽

Richard D. Miles

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Egg Production ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Publication Date ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Large Animal ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress ◽

Shell Quality ◽

Infectious Bronchitis

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens. The disease is characterized by respiratory signs including gasping, coughing, sneezing, tracheal râles, and nasal discharge. In young chickens, severe respiratory distress may occur. In layers, respiratory distress, decrease in egg production, and loss of internal egg quality and egg shell quality are reported. Some strains of the virus cause severe kidney damage and may be associated with high mortality. This document is VM127, one of a series of the Veterinary Medicine-Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 1, 2002. VM127/PS039: Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Classical and Variant Strains (ufl.edu)

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Association of female reproductive tract microbiota with egg production in layer chickens

GigaScience ◽

10.1093/gigascience/giab067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuan Su ◽

Shilin Tian ◽

Diyan Li ◽

Wei Zhu ◽

Tao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Function ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Egg Production ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Bacteroides Fragilis ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Animal Reproduction ◽

Microbial Species ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Predicted Function

Abstract Background The microbiota of the female reproductive tract is increasingly recognized as playing fundamental roles in animal reproduction. To explore the relative contribution of reproductive tract microbiomes to egg production in chickens, we investigated the microbiota in multiple reproductive and digestive tract sites from 128 female layer (egg-producing) chickens in comparable environments. Results We identified substantial differences between the diversity, composition, and predicted function of site-associated microbiota. Differences in reproductive tract microbiota were more strongly associated with egg production than those in the digestive tract. We identified 4 reproductive tract microbial species, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides salanitronis, Bacteroides barnesiae, and Clostridium leptum, that were related to immune function and potentially contribute to enhanced egg production. Conclusions These findings provide insights into the diverse microbiota characteristics of reproductive and digestive tracts and may help in designing strategies for controlling and manipulating chicken reproductive tract microbiota to improve egg production.

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Semen amyloids participate in spermatozoa selection and clearance

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.24888 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Nadia R Roan ◽

Nathallie Sandi-Monroy ◽

Nargis Kohgadai ◽

Shariq M Usmani ◽

Katherine G Hamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amyloid Fibrils ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Viral Fusion ◽

Cellular Targets ◽

Natural Function ◽

Rapid Removal ◽

Sperm Antigens

Unlike other human biological fluids, semen contains multiple types of amyloid fibrils in the absence of disease. These fibrils enhance HIV infection by promoting viral fusion to cellular targets, but their natural function remained unknown. The similarities shared between HIV fusion to host cell and sperm fusion to oocyte led us to examine whether these fibrils promote fertilization. Surprisingly, the fibrils inhibited fertilization by immobilizing sperm. Interestingly, however, this immobilization facilitated uptake and clearance of sperm by macrophages, which are known to infiltrate the female reproductive tract (FRT) following semen exposure. In the presence of semen fibrils, damaged and apoptotic sperm were more rapidly phagocytosed than healthy ones, suggesting that deposition of semen fibrils in the lower FRT facilitates clearance of poor-quality sperm. Our findings suggest that amyloid fibrils in semen may play a role in reproduction by participating in sperm selection and facilitating the rapid removal of sperm antigens.

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Pathobiological and Genomic Characterization of a Cold-Adapted Infectious Bronchitis Virus (BP-caKII)

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v10110652 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 652

Author(s):

Seung-Min Hong ◽

Se-Hee An ◽

Chung-Young Lee ◽

Chang-Seon Song ◽

Kang-Seuk Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Cold Adaptation ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Genomic Sequence ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Cold Adapted ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Field Virus ◽

Specific Pathogen

We established a cold-adapted infectious bronchitis virus (BP-caKII) by passaging a field virus through specific pathogen-free embryonated eggs 20 times at 32 °C. We characterized its growth kinetics and pathogenicity in embryonated eggs, and its tropism and persistence in different tissues from chickens; then, we evaluated pathogenicity by using a new premature reproductive tract pathogenicity model. Furthermore, we determined the complete genomic sequence of BP-caKII to understand the genetic changes related to cold adaptation. According to our results, BP-caKII clustered with the KII genotype viruses K2 and KM91, and showed less pathogenicity than K2, a live attenuated vaccine strain. BP-caKII showed delayed viremia, resulting in its delayed dissemination to the kidneys and cecal tonsils compared to K2 and KM91, the latter of which is a pathogenic field strain. A comparative genomics study revealed similar nucleotide sequences between BP-caKII, K2 and KM91 but clearly showed different mutations among them. BP-caKII shared several mutations with K2 (nsp13, 14, 15 and 16) following embryo adaptation but acquired multiple additional mutations in nonstructural proteins (nsp3, 4 and 12), spike proteins and nucleocapsid proteins following cold adaptation. Thus, the establishment of BP-caKII and the identified mutations in this study may provide insight into the genetic background of embryo and cold adaptations, and the attenuation of coronaviruses.

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Age-related changes in Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda): neutral lipid content in developing oocytes

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z88-407 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (12) ◽

pp. 2791-2796

Author(s):

Barbara M. MacKinnon ◽

D. L. Lee

Keyword(s):

Neutral Lipid ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Egg Production ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽

Age Related ◽

Neutral Lipid Content

Changes in neutral lipid content of developing female gametes in Heligmosomoides polygyrus at 8, 12, 20, 40, 80, and 140 days postinfection (p.i.) were investigated and correlated with egg production by the worms over the same period. Egg production increased to day 20 p.i. when the average egg output for one female reached approximately 700 eggs/day. A decline in egg production occurred from 80 days p.i. until the end of the experiment (140 days p.i.). Neutral lipid content was low in oogonia from worms of all ages. Developing oocytes contained the highest levels of neutral lipid. There was a significant loss of lipid just before fertilization of the oocytes. An increase in lipid occurred in all developmental stages of gametes from day 8 to day 40 p.i., and a significant decline occurred thereafter to day 140 p.i. Although egg production and lipid content of the female reproductive tract showed similar trends, there was not a precise correlation. It is felt that nuclear and cytoplasmic processes other than lipid anabolism or catabolism within the developing gametes play a more important role in influencing egg output.

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Effects of Australian strains of infectious bronchitis virus on internal and external quality of hen eggs

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/ea08167 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 162 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K. K. Chousalkar ◽

J. R. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Egg Production ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Negative Effects ◽

External Quality ◽

Shell Quality ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Egg Shells ◽

Egg Shell

The effects of two Australian strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV-T and N1/88) on the internal and external quality of eggs were studied in unvaccinated Isa Brown hens in full lay. Overall, there was no decline in egg production in either of the infected groups. However, there were some long-lasting negative effects on the egg internal quality of T-infected hens. Negative effects on internal quality in the N1/88-infected group were relatively short term. Yolk colour score was lower only in T-infected hens. Egg shell quality was affected only in terms of loss of egg shell colour. IBV infection resulted in paler egg shells in both the infected groups. Paler egg shells may not be regarded well by consumers. The egg shape index was lower in both infected groups.

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Recent advances in our understanding of pentastomid reproductive biology

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000050848 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 59-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. Riley

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Storage Period ◽

Sperm Storage ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Patent Period ◽

Spermathecal Duct ◽

Point Of Entry ◽

Fine Adjustment

SUMMARYPentastomids are arthropod parasites which attain maturity in the respiratory tracts of vertebrates. All pentastomids exhibit an obvious sexual dimorphism in that fully mature females are invariably much bigger than males. Unusually though, copulation, which happens only once in the lifetime of females, occurs when both sexes are approximately the same size and the uterus of the female is undeveloped. This is because sperm is stored in spermathecae which, being positioned at the junction of the oviduct and uterus, become more remote from the vagina as the uterus elongates during development. The provision of spermathecae for sperm storage allows oocytes, shed continuously from the ovary, to be fertilized from time to time. What renders this process quite remarkable, and possibly unique, is the extreme length of the patent period. In one species this can extend up to an estimated 10 years and is associated with an egg production of about 106eggs/female/year. Spermathecal structure provides some clues as to how prolonged sperm storage and the continuous fertilization of oocytes is accomplished. The upper region of the access duct is a narrow, chitinized tube which tapers to as little as 3 μm diameter at the point of entry into the spermatheca. The chitinous (?) lining of the spermatheca is relatively impermeable and apparently functions to totally isolate sperm from external influences: stored sperm are arranged in bundles and whorls and remain totally quiescent and inactive during the storage period. The entire spermatheca is invested by muscle fibres, the contraction of which will express small numbers of sperms through the narrow access duct. These are then reactivated by secretions from the female reproductive tract: the extreme narrowness of the spermathecal duct provides the fine adjustment of the system. The narrowness of the duct also creates problems during the process of insemination, since sperm discharged directly into the female reproductive tract would be unlikely to find the spermatheca through such a structure. Accordingly, the male cirrus is much modified to directly penetrate the spermathecal duct during copulation. Sperms, stored in the male seminal vesicle, are apparently activated prior to sperm transfer, and swim along the cirrus to be guided directly into the spermathecal lumen. Some unusual variations on the normal pentastomid life-cycle are discussed.

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Comparing the innate and humoral immune responses of different chicken lines to Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) infection

Access Microbiology ◽

10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (7A) ◽

Author(s):

Isaac Dowell ◽

Angela Steyn ◽

Sarah Keep ◽

Erica Bickerton ◽

John Hammond

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Ciliary Activity ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Commercial Chicken ◽

Significant Difference ◽

White Leghorns

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is a gammacoronavirus that is prevalent in commercial chicken flocks, resulting in characteristic clinical signs including snicking, rales, decreased tracheal ciliary activity, reduced weight gain and reduced egg production. Preliminary results indicate that there is a different clinical response to IBV infection in different chicken lines. Therefore, we aim to determine whether there is a differential innate or humoral immune response to IBV between chicken lines. A series of in vivo experiments were conducted comparing brown leghorns (Rhode Island Red, RIR (Roslin)) to white leghorns (from Valo and Ovagen). Trachea and bursa were collected from infected and control birds at four-, six- and fourteen-days post infection (dpi). There was a difference in snick rate and rales between the RIRs and the white leghorns (both lines). However, no difference was observed in ciliary activity. Viral load was determined by absolute quantification using qRT-PCR. The viral load in the trachea of RIRs was significantly lower (p<0.05) at 6 dpi compared to 4 dpi, unlike in Ovagen birds where there was no significant difference between the timepoints. Relative gene expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β in these tissues will be measuredby qRT-PCR. Serum was processed from whole blood collected at zero and ten dpi for use in IBV specific ELISAs which will measure antibody responses in the chicken lines. This project aims to explore immune responses against IBV as well as identifying the causes of variability in experimentation using chickens to investigate IBV infection.

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