scholarly journals Assessment of pesticides and ripening chemicals used in selected vegetables at different locations of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-279
Author(s):  
MGF Chowdhury ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
M Miaruddin ◽  
MHH Khan ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Early Market

A survey was conducted in seven districts namely Bogura, Rajshahi, Jashore, Narsingdi, Cumilla, Jamalpur and Gazipur to assess the present status of the usage of pesticides and ripening chemical in major vegetable crops such as tomato, brinjal, country bean and bitter gourd. A total of 280 respondents having 40 respondents from each district were selected randomly for the study. The maximum number of vegetable growers belonged to the age group of 21-40, which is about 50%. About 41% and 25% of farmers accomplished their primary and secondary education in the study areas. Tomato fruit had the highest yield (27.74 tha-1) whereas the highest gross margin was attained from country bean 4,06,832 Tk.ha-1. Almost all of the vegetable growers were used synthetic pesticides (chemical group of Cypermethrin, Emamectin Benzoate, Chlorpyriphos, Carbendazim, Lambda Cyhalothrin, Mencozeb etc.) for protecting their crops from pests and most of them used own hand pump sprayer. Farmers of the study areas applied synthetic pesticides frequently with much higher dosages (8-30 times) than the recommendation. Few farmers practice Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for their crops. Seventy five percent farmers had protective measure during insecticide-pesticide spray and about 40% growers felt uncomfortable after hand spray to the crops. Most of the tomato growers in the study areas (Rajshahi and Jashore) were applied Plant Growth Regulator (PGR)/ripening agents mainly Ethephon @ 2500-8000ppm before 1-3 days of harvest in immature green tomato (1-4 times) for uniform color development to get higher price in the early market. Few traders (10-15%) were applied Ethephon in premature vegetables after harvest. It is strongly recommended to use IPM technology for controlling insects and pest and to create awareness regarding pesticides use practice and safety precautions. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 261-279, June 2019

scholarly journals Future of Insecticide Seed Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8792
Author(s):  
Milorad Vojvodić ◽  
Renata Bažok
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Good Efficacy ◽  
Active Substances

Seed treatment as a method of local application of pesticides in precise agriculture reduces the amount of pesticides used per unit area and is considered to be the safest, cheapest and most ecologically acceptable method of protecting seeds and young plants from pests in the early stages of their development. With the introduction of insecticides from the neonicotinoid group in the mid-1990s, the frequency of seed treatment increased. Due to suspected negative effects on pollinators, most of these insecticides are banned in the European Union. The ban has therefore led to a reduction in the number of active substances approved for seed treatment and to an increased re-use of active substances from the group of pyrethroids as well as other organophosphorus insecticides, which pose potentially very serious risks, perhaps even greater than those of the banned neonicotinoids. The objective of this review is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of seed treatment and the potential role of insecticide seed treatment in reducing the negative impact of pesticides on the environment. The main disadvantage of this method is that it has been widely accepted and has become a prophylactic protective measure applied to almost all fields. This is contrary to the principles of integrated pest management and leads to an increased input of insecticides into the environment, by treating a larger number of hectares with a lower amount of active ingredient, and a negative impact on beneficial entomofauna. In addition, studies show that due to the prophylactic approach, the economic and technical justification of this method is often questionable. Extremely important for a quality implementation are the correct processing and implementation of the treatment procedure as well as the selection of appropriate insecticides, which have proven to be problematic in the case of neonicotinoids. The ban on neonicotinoids and the withdrawal of seed treatments in oilseed rape and sugar beet has led to increased problems with a range of pests affecting these crops at an early stage of growth. The results of the present studies indicate good efficacy of active ingredients belonging to the group of anthranilic diamides, cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole in the treatment of maize, soybean, sugar beet and rice seeds on pests of the above-ground part of the plant, but not on wireworms. Good efficacy in controlling wireworms in maize is shown by an insecticide in the naturalites group, spinosad, but it is currently used to treat seeds of vegetable crops, mainly onions, to control onion flies and flies on other vegetable crops. Seed treatment as a method only fits in with the principles of integrated pest management when treated seeds are sown on land where there is a positive prognosis for pest infestation.

Economic performance of organic vs conventional vegetables production in Gaza strip

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Lower Production

Organic farming has achieved significant growth in developing countries. However, it is still in some areas such as Gaza strip at embryonic stage. Introduction and promotion of organic farming would need more information about economic feasibility of shifting from the existing conventional farms to organic farming system. This is the main aim of this study. Data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers in southern area of Gaza strip using standard questionnaire. Additional focus group discussions were conducted for further qualitative analyses. Data was also collected from the organic farm of Safe Agriculture Association where vegetables are organically produced and marketed. Gross margin and comparative analyses were used to describe cost structure of conventional and organic production and to assess economic potentialities to shift to organic farming. Results varied among vegetable crops as some crops showed very high economic potential to shift to organic farming while other crops did not. Major reasons for crops with good potential were higher yield under organic farming, premium market prices and lower production costs. Major reasons for lower economic potential to shift were the significant lower yield and higher production costs. The study recommends further technical research to explore organic production techniques that allows for higher yield and lower production cost. The study also recommends further market research to investigate consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for organic products.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Synthetic Pesticides Against Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Hira Mannan ◽  
Qurban Ali Nahiyoon ◽  
Jilian Li
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Pre Treatment

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an essential vegetable crop with good nutritional significance. Insect pests are the major threat for poor production of the okra crop. Thrips of vegetable crops are known to be serious pests on a wide range of fruit, vegetable, flower, and agronomic crops. The present field study was carried out to know the efficacy of different insecticides (acetamiprid 19% weightable water (ww), lambda 25% ww, colarphipare 32% ww, lambda 2.5% ww and abamectin 1.3% ww) against Thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) on okra crop during the year 2019, and observations against T. tabaci (Lindeman) were recorded after 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 07 days of each spray in all the treatments. The pre-treatment count of thrips on okra was non-significant (P > 0.05); while the evaluated efficacy of different insecticides against thrips was significant (P < 0.01). It was noted that all the insecticides showed their highest efficacy after 7 days of spray and acetamiprid 19% weightable water (ww) was more efficient to combat the T. tabaci as compared to other pesticides that produced field efficacy of 73.92 and 74.91% against thrips after 7 days of 1st and 2nd spray respectively. Abamectin, 1.3% ww, was reasonably successful, yielding 53.81 and 56.66% field efficacy against T. tabaci (Lindeman) after 7 days of first and second spray. Also, moderately effective was colarphipare 32% ww, which developed field effectiveness of 56.41 and 61.49% against T. tabaci (Lindeman) after 7 days of first and second spray, respectively.

scholarly journals Specificities of measured polyvariance the seeds of Cucurbita pepo var. giramontia Duch. under climate changes in Pridnestrovie

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Khlebnikov ◽  
N. V. Smurova ◽  
I. T. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
State University ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Linear Character ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Almost All

Actuality. Industrial technologies of vegetable crops cultivation, including squash cultivation, a lot of attention is paid to the uniformity of seeds by morphometric traits as a condition allowing to use the precision technologies.The goal of the study is to determine specificities of measured polyvariance the seeds of Cucurbita pepo var. giramontia Duch. under changes of climate conditions in Transnistria.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out at the experimental plot of Pridnestrovian State University (Tiraspol) in 2005-2012. Objects of studies – 5 lines (166/5; 19/84; 98/5; 5Б; 48/20) of squash. Morphometric traits of seeds: mass, width, length, thickness were evaluated in the sample of 100 seeds. Mass of the seed was evaluated with help of torsion scales with exactness to 0,001 g. Width, length, thickness were mesuared with microscope MBS-10 with exactness to 0,1 mm. squash plants were treated with water solutions of the preperation Micefit in concentrations 10 and 100 mg/l in the phase of "2-3 true leaves" and "6-7 true leaves", standard is water treatment.Meteorological conditions (temperature, amount of precipitation) the year of seed reproduction were characterized by the data of Tiraspol Agrometeorological Station. Hydrothermal regime the growing of squash plants was characterized by the hydrothermal coefficient (CHT) of Selyaninov.Results. The nature of changes in temperature and precipitation over 7 years (2005-2012 periods) were reflected increased anomality of weather conditions in Transnistrian region. First of all, it concerns the quantity and the intensity of precipitation during the formation and maturation of squash seeds. Distribution decades of total precipitation and temperatures caused extremely uneven hydration: CHT variation ratio was 29.2-61.3%. Almost all periods of study were stressful for plants and led to the dimensional polyvariance of squash seeds. The variation of morphometric traits (coefficient of variation) is depended on changes in the hydrothermal regime of the growing season. It has a non-linear character and was genotypically caused. Applying the preparation Micefit had a significant effect on the manifestation of traits of squash seeds and its interaction with meteorological factors determined their modifying ability in the following order: mass (78,2%)→ length (56,6%)→ thickness (43,7%)→ width (40,4%).

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ASH ON THE MORTALITY OF ADULTS OF BRUCHIDIUS ATROLINEATUS PIC. (COLEOPTERA-BRUCHINAE), IMPORTANT PEST OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA WALP.) IN SAHELIAN ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Moumouni D.A. ◽  
◽  
Maman H.M. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Bruchidius Atrolineatus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Population Treatment ◽  
Sahelian Zone

Bruchidius atrolineatus (pic) (Ba) is one of the most dangerous pests seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). The infestation begins in the fields of crops and continues in stocks where damage can be considerable in the absence of any protective measure. The importance of these damage justifies the development of appropriate, less expensive and easily applicable peasant struggles. A recommended ash test for the traditional cowpea storage was evaluated on the mortality of Bruchidius atrolineatus (PIC) in the laboratory. During this study, several experiments relating to the influence of Ash on adults of B. atrolineatus were carried out. A negative witness has been made for each case. The treatments have been made according to gender and adults. Ash is a substance that seems to be very effective with respect to B. atrolineatus because has significantly reduced its population. Treatment due to the effect of ash has recorded a mortality rate of 85% on the first day. Then treatments with variations due to the increase in the amount of ash, insects and seeds have induced a respective mortality rate of 31.5%, 43.5%, 93.75% and 100% 62.5%, 33.16%, 30%, 24% and 17.04% and 62.5%, 43.75%, 52.5% and 50% on the 1st after treatment. It is apparent from our study that the female seems to be more resistant than males in almost all treatments. This study showed that the ash could constitute an alternative to the use of chemical insecticides in the conservation of cowpea seeds in the Sahelian zone.

Economic performance of organic vs conventional vegetables production in Gaza strip

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Lower Production

Organic farming has achieved significant growth in developing countries. However, it is still in some areas such as Gaza strip at embryonic stage. Introduction and promotion of organic farming would need more information about economic feasibility of shifting from the existing conventional farms to organic farming system. This is the main aim of this study. Data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers in southern area of Gaza strip using standard questionnaire. Additional focus group discussions were conducted for further qualitative analyses. Data was also collected from the organic farm of Safe Agriculture Association where vegetables are organically produced and marketed. Gross margin and comparative analyses were used to describe cost structure of conventional and organic production and to assess economic potentialities to shift to organic farming. Results varied among vegetable crops as some crops showed very high economic potential to shift to organic farming while other crops did not. Major reasons for crops with good potential were higher yield under organic farming, premium market prices and lower production costs. Major reasons for lower economic potential to shift were the significant lower yield and higher production costs. The study recommends further technical research to explore organic production techniques that allows for higher yield and lower production cost. The study also recommends further market research to investigate consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for organic products.

scholarly journals Effect of Ingestion Exposure of Selected Insecticides on Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Jacek Piotr Twardowski ◽  
Michał Hurej ◽  
Kamila Twardowska
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Almost All

The sensitivity to thiacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin ingested from prey organisms was studied in Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis, since the effect of ingestion exposure to these insecticides is unknown in these species. All developmental stages of the ladybirds were fed on Acyrthosiphon pisum treated with half or full field rate of the insecticides. Almost all instars were killed within 3 h of the start of ingestion of lambda-cyhalotrin-treated prey. The action of thiacloprid was more extended in time in both coccinellids and more variable between their instars. Reducing the field rate of lambda-cyhalothrin seems to have no practical value for the survival of either of the coccinellid species. Contrastingly, using half instead of the full field rate of thiacloprid may enhance the chances of survival in L1, L2, and L4 larvae of both species. Of all developmental stages tested, the survival dynamics of the adults of either species are closest to one another, whereas the apparent difference in the species response to the dose rate of thiacloprid was found in the L4 stage.

Potential to double-crop plastic mulch

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Waterer ◽  
William Hrycan ◽  
Theresa Simms
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Second Year

Double-cropping of plastic (polyethylene) mulches has the potential to increase the cost-effectiveness while reducing the environmental impact of this technology for enhancing growth of vegetable crops. In regions with a short growing season, double-cropping of soil mulches hinges on being able to leave the plastic in the field over winter. This extended exposure to the elements may alter the physical and optical characteristics of the mulch, thereby influencing crop productivity in the second year of use. This study evaluated the physical characteristics and efficacy of black, clear and infrared transmitting (IRT) mulches over two cropping seasons in Saskatchewan. The crops planted were pepper (Capsicum annuum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in the first year and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in the second year. Early-season soil temperatures appeared highest under the clear mulch in the first year, but once the crop canopy was established there was little difference in soil temperature among plots having different mulches. Higher yields of both cucumber and pepper were produced in the first year by clear mulch than by black mulch or without mulch. All mulches were still physically sound at the end of the first growing season, but light transmission through the clear and IRT mulches was reduced relative to new mulch. Much of this change was due to soil and other debris on the surface of the mulches. There was little further change in the physical condition or light transmission characteristics of the mulches through the second year of use. Weed growth under clear mulch in its second year appeared to reduce soil temperatures, particularly relative to new clear mulch. Mulch type, either newly laid or year-old, had no impact on yields of marketable tomatoes. More fruit reached full red color prior to harvest in response to clear mulch than to no mulch (bare soil). Yields of marketable tomato fruit obtained on year-old mulch of all types were comparable to yields obtained with new mulch. These data suggest that double-cropping of plastic mulches can be done without loss of crop yield and provide significant savings in materials, labor and disposal costs. While clear mulch was generally the most beneficial for the production of warm season vegetable crops, it did not prevent weed growth in the second year which was problematic. Key words: Wavelength selective, light transmission, cucumber, pepper, tomato

Flavor volatilcs, sugars and color development in ripening in vitro-cultured tomato fruit and calyx

1993 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty K. Ishida ◽  
Elizabeth A. Baldwin ◽  
Ron G. Buttery ◽  
Suzanne H. Chui ◽  
Louisa C. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Color Development

scholarly journals Influence of Cold Plasma Treatment on Textural and Color Characteristics of Two Tomato Varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Vukić ◽  
Dragan Vujadinović ◽  
Vesna Gojković ◽  
Radoslav Grujić
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Hot Air Treatment

New technologies had been developed to prolong postharves sustainability of horticultural crops. Technologies as hot air treatment or iridation with UV-C spectral emissions are among them. Al of them have positive and negative effects on quality of horticultural crops. Increasingly under research for decontamination of foods is cold plasma technology, especially fresh fruits and vegetables. Possibility of creating cold plasma under atmosferic presures (ACP) offers new preservation tool to reduce microbial infections of vegetable crops. Effects of atmosferic cold plasma on food quality, however, remains under researched.. In this study, tomato is treated with air ACP generated with an dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD). Changes in textural and color characteristics of two tomato fruit varieties after cold plasma treatment were analysed by performing TPA test and color measurements. The effect of air ACP on tomato texture and color was insignificant.

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