scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of medicinal herbs with total mixed ration to mitigate enteric methane emission in sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
M Al Mamun ◽  
MRA Redoy ◽  
AAS Shuvo ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MA Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pineapple wastes (Ananas comosus), garlic leaves (Allium sativum), moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) and their combination on growth, plasma metabolites, meat characteristics and enteric methane emission in sheep. A total of 15 sheep (initial BW: 8.3±0.2 kg; age: ~ 1 year; non-descript indigenous to Bangladesh) were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments with three sheep per treatment in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were:  (1) CL-diet: a total mixed ration (TMR) pellet based on roadside grass and concentrates with a CP–16.72%  and ME–10.7 MJ/kg; (2) PW-diet: CL-diet + 10g DM of pineapple waste (peels, cores, tops, and leaves)/day; (3) GL-diet: CL-diet + 10g DM of garlic leaves/day; (4) ML-diet: CL-diet + 10g DM of moringa leaves /day; (5) HM-diet: CL-diet + 10g DM of herbal mixture (3g pineapples wastes + 3g garlic leaves + 4g moringa leaves)/day. Weekly live weight gain and plasma metabolites did not show any significant variation among the treatments. Compared to the CL-diet group, the herbal supplemented group had 18–34% lower abdominal fat content, and the lowest value was found in the GL-diet group. Furthermore, the methane emission (g/day/sheep) was reduced by 5–13% in herb supplemented groups compared to the CL-diet group. Additionally, the lamb fed GL-diet emitted the lowest enteric methane (21.26 vs 24.07 g/kg DMI) compared to other experimental groups. Overall, garlic and moringa leaves could be added to TMR to minimize fat accumulation and enteric methane emission from sheep. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2021. 50 (1):28-35

scholarly journals Digestible methionine levels for white-egg layer pullets from 7 to 12 weeks of age

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47222
Author(s):  
Jalceyr Pessoa Figueiredo Júnior ◽  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Ricardo Romão Guerra ◽  
Marcelo Helder Medeiros Santana ◽  
Matheus Ramalho de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Glycogen Deposition ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the requirement of digestible methionine for growing pullets at growth phase (7 to 12 weeks of age). A completely randomized design was distributed in five treatments, six replicates, and 15 pullets per experimental unit. 450 Dekalb White pullets from the 7th weeks of age, with an average initial weight of 313.14 ± 12.49 g were used. Dietary treatments consisted in five diets supplemented with DL-Methionine which resulted in five levels of digestible methionine (0.266, 0.294, 0.322, 0.350, and 0.378 %). Performance, serological blood, histopathology and histomorphometry data were evaluated. Quadratic responses were observed for final live weight (p < 0.0143), weight gain (p < 0.0073), feed conversion ratio (p < 0.0058), glycogen deposition in the liver (p < 0.0001), gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme activity (p < 0.0008), and villus height (p < 0.0024) with digestible dMet levels. In conclusion, the use of 0.343 % dMet, corresponding to a dMet:dLys ratio 55, is recommended for white-egg pullets from 7 to 12 weeks of age.

scholarly journals The Bioavailability Of Phosphorous From Bone Meal And Triple Super Phosphate And Its Effects On Indigenous Growing Cattle

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
ZH Khandaker ◽  
ABM Khaleduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The bioavailability of phosphorous, and blood serum and rumen liquor P level was studied in indigenous growing cattle by feeding bone meal and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) with control diet. Nine indigenous growing cattle (live weight of 164 ± 21 kg) were randomly assigned in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to three dietary treatments, consisted of a basal diet (T0) of 0.16% P and experimental diets supplemented with bone meal (T1) and triple super phosphate (T2) to provide P level of 0.44%. All diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. Three cannulated animals were used for rumen liquor P level study by feeding three diets. Apparent absorption and balance of P were significantly (P<0.01) higher in T1 and T2 diets than that of diet T0, but true absorption did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Bioavailability of P of control diet (37.41%), bone meal (81.45%) and triple super phosphate (80.49%) were significantly differed (P<0.01). Rumen liquor and blood serum P level differed significantly (P<0.01). Supplementation of bone meal and triple super phosphate results in high blood serum P (P>0.05) with no difference between bone meal and triple super phosphate. The results suggested that the bioavailability of P from bone meal and TSP was high and dietary supplementation of P with bone meal and TSP improved P retention and blood serum P level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i2.9882 BJAS 2008; 37(2): 58-65

Comparative value of kola testa, corn-bran and rice- bran with maize for mature african giant land snail (Archachatina marginata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
R.A. Hamzat ◽  
A J. Omole ◽  
B.B. Babatunde ◽  
M.O. Adejumo ◽  
O.G Longe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Bran ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was designed to compare the effect of kola testa, which is rich in fibre with maize the conventional energy source and other sources of fibre such as corn bran and rice bran. A total of two hundred and forty African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) with an average live weight of 177.69 ± 10.87g were assigned to four dietary treatments: a maize-based diet (Diet 1) served as control, in a completely randomized design. The other diets were kola testa - based (Diet 2), corn bran-based (Diet 3) and rice bran-based (Diet 4) diets. The percentage of each test ingredient and that of maize was 31.30g/100g Each treatment consisted of sixty growing snails, which were subdivided into 3 replicates of 20 snails each. The snails received the diets over a period of 20 weeks. Weight gain was significantly higher (P<0.05) for the kola testa-based diet in comparison with the corn and rice bran-based diets. Depression of magnesium and iron in the shell, flesh and fluid of snails fed corn and rice bran diets was observed. The trial revealed that kola testa-based diet compared favorably well with the corn and rice bran-based diets.

scholarly journals Nitrogen utilization by male WAD sheep fed graded levels of boiled CST and SMD based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
R. O. Ettu ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Sorghum Malt ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Seed Testa

The study was carried out to investigate the nitrogen utilization by male West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep fed boiled Cocoa Seed Testa (CST) and Sorghum Malt Dust (SMD)-based diets. Twenty-eight male animals were divided into seven groups with similar average initial live weight in a completely randomized design. Each group contained four animals. The trial consisted of seven dietary treatments which comprised CST at 10, 20 and 30% levels, SMD at 10, 20 and 30% levels and a control. The trial lasted for 90 days. Data generated were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance. Apparent nitrogen intake (19.41g/d) and retention (9.67g/d) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment with 20% SMD. Generally, dietary inclusion of CST and SMD improved the nitrogen intake by male WAD sheep with the best result from sheep fed 20% sorghum malt dust based diets.

scholarly journals MANFAAT DAUN LAMTORO (Leucaena leucocephala DALAM PAKAN AYAM PEDAGING DIUKUR DARI PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
J S Mandey ◽  
N. J. Kumajas ◽  
J. R Leke ◽  
M. N Regar
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Finisher Diets

PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED THE LAMTORO (LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA) LEAF MEAL IN THE DIETS. The utilization of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf meal (LLM) in broiler diets was investigated employing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% levels substituted to the based diet (control). In this experiment, 100 birds were randomly allocated into five groups of treatments. Each treatment was repeated into four replications with five birds per each replication. The five dietary treatments were allotted to the birds in a completely randomized design. The birds were fed experimental finisher diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Effect of LLM inclusion up 20% on feed intake (g),  live weight gain (g) and feed conversion did not differ significantly  (P ˃ 0.05).  It may be inferred from these experiments that LLM  up to 20% can safely be substituted to broiler based diet.Keywords: Lamtoro leaf, broiler, performance

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHING BROILERS FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH COMBINATION OF PROBIOTICS (B. cereus) AND PREBIOTICS (MANNOSE [MOS])

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
O. O. ONI ◽  
R. M. ADEBAYO ◽  
A. J. AKINDELE
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Positive Effect

The experiment aimed to investigate effect of combination of probiotics and prebiotics on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers at finishing phase. A total number of 300 day-old Anak broiler chicks were used to determine the response of broiler chicks to diets supplemented with probiotics (Bacillus cereus) and prebiotics (Mannose). The chicks were randomly allotted to four treatment groups of 75 birds with 25 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The four dietary treatments comprised 500ppm MOS; 250ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS; 500ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS and 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS, respectively. Results showed that feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (P< 0.05) from 1.21 for groups fed det supplemented with 250ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS to 1.05 for groups fed with 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS  as more prebiotics were added to the probiotics. Final live weight, eviscerated weight and dressing percentage were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by combination of probiotics and prebiotics in finishing broilers. Final live weight values ranged from 2453.30g in birds fed 250ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS  to 2488.30g in birds fed 750ppm B. cereus  + 500ppm MOS, while eviscerated weight ranged from 1063.30g at 500ppm MOS to 1396.70g  at 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS. The same trend was observed for dressing percentage, neck, whole gizzard and liver. It was concluded that combination of probitics and prebiotics at 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS had positive effect on growth performance and carcass qualities of broilers at finishing phase.  

scholarly journals 31 Determination of Optimal Harvest Weight for Mangalica Pigs Using a Serial Harvest Approach to Measure Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
Maegan A Reeves ◽  
Courtney E Charlton ◽  
Shannon R Wilkerson ◽  
John G Rehm ◽  
Terry D Brandebourg
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Growth Trial

Abstract Mangalica pigs are a popular niche breed given their reputation for superior quality pork. However, growth and carcass parameters for this breed are poorly documented. Our objective was to better characterize optimal harvest weights for the Mangalica breed. To accomplish this, a growth trial was conducted whereby pigs (n=56) were randomly distributed across stratified harvest weights (50, 57, 68, 82, 93, 102, 127 kg) in a completely randomized design. Pigs were fed standard finisher rations with individual daily feed intakes and weekly body weights recorded for all animals. At 24h postmortem, carcasses were split and ribbed with marbling and loin eye area (LEA) measured at the 10th rib. Primal cuts were fabricated and individually weighed. Fat back was separated from the loin and weighed. As expected, live weight significantly increased across weight class (P &lt; 0.0001). ADG was similar across classes up to 82 kg live weight before steadily declining with increasing weight class (P &lt; 0.0025). Likewise, feed efficiency did not differ between classes until weights heavier than 82 kg (P &lt; 0.03). LEA significantly increased by class up to 82 kg and then plateaued as harvest weight increased further (P &lt; 0.003). Marbling score significantly increased with increasing weight class up to 102 kg where they then plateaued (p &lt; 0.04). Fat back dramatically increased across all weight classes (p &lt; 0.0001) despite negligible increases in LEA or marbling after 102 kg. Primal cut weights for the ham (P &lt; 0.0001), loin (P &lt; 0.0001), Boston butt (P &lt; 0.0001), shoulder (P &lt; 0.0001), and belly (P &lt; 0.0001) all significantly increased with increasing live weight. These data suggest an optimal harvest weight occurs between 82 to 102 kg while offering little objective justification for the current practice of harvesting Mangalica pigs at much heavier live weights.

Haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits fed graded levels of Yam peel meal as replacement for maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
I. B. Amaza ◽  
A. Maidala ◽  
C. E. Isidahomen
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Haematological and serum biochemical parameters are indicators of physiological, nutritional and pathological status of animals. Investigation of these parameters provide information for diagnostic purposes. The study was conducted to determine the influence of feeding graded levels of yam peel meal (YPM) as a replacement for maize on haematology; blood chemistry was evaluated in rabbits. Thirty- six (New Zealand white X Chinchilla) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with nine rabbits per treatment. The rabbits were fed diets containing 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5% of Yam peel meal (YPM) as a replacement for maize, designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The experimental diets and clean drinking water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period of nine weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, three rabbits per treatment were randomly selected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. All the haematological and serum biochemical indices except AST were affected (P<0.05) by dietary inclusion of YPM. Although most of the parameters investigated were affected by rabbits fed test ingredient, the values fell within the normal literature reference values for rabbits. It can therefore be concluded that up to 37.5% inclusion level of YPM can be fed to growing rabbits without deleterious effects on health status.

Changes in Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites and Hematological Parameters of Growing Lambs Supplemented with Two Sources of Choline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Martínez-García ◽  
J.C. Garcia-Lopez ◽  
P.A. Hernández-García ◽  
G.D. Mendoza-Martínez ◽  
A. Vázquez-Valladolid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Daily Gain

Background: Choline is a nutrient with numerous metabolic functions, but its requirements for ruminants are unknown. The supplementation with bypass choline could enhance productivity. Methods: Twenty-four male lambs (Rambouillet 23.5 kg±3.17 kg initial BW) were fed a basal diet with treatments which consisted of a control and oral doses of ruminally-protected choline (4 g/d RPC) and plant-based choline (4 g/d Biocholine) in a completely randomized design with initial weight as a covariate. The experiment was conducted for 42 days during which live weight, dry matter intake, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites and basic hemograms were measured. Result: The daily gain in lambs was similar between treatments. Intake was higher in lambs given Biocholine (1.32 kg/d). The L* (represents the light to dark color) value and mineral content in the meat were improved with both sources of choline. Blood triglycerides increased by RPC compared with the other treatments and cholesterol was reduced by Biocholine. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity decreased by effect of choline. Hematological parameters were affected by choline supplementation regardless of the source; erythrocyte, monocytes and lymphocytes count decreased with both sources of choline in growing lambs.

scholarly journals Ewe maternal behavior score to estimate lamb survival and performance during lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Barros de Moraes ◽  
Cesar Henrique Espírito Candal Poli ◽  
Vivian Fischer ◽  
Neuza Maria Fajardo ◽  
Marta Farias Aita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Presence Of People ◽  
Filial Behavior

Mortality of perinatal lambs and low weight at weaning cause huge liabilities to farmers. Current study describes maternal-filial behavior and evaluates the use of maternal behavior score (MBS) to estimate the behavior of ewes and lambs soon after birth, and correlate it with lamb mortality and performance during lactation. Thirty-seven Corriedale ewes were used in a completely randomized design. MBS was assessed up to 24 hours after birth, taking into consideration the distance of the ewe from the lamb at the approach of a person. Maternal behavior, placental weight, weight gain of the lambs until weaning and their survival rate were also evaluated until two hours after lambing. More than 90% of the ewes had adequate maternal behavior, with parental care, even though ewes were very sensitive to the presence of people. There was no significant correlation between MBS and maternal behavior, lamb mortality rate and live weight gain. Under these conditions, MBS was not a useful tool to estimate maternal behavior and performance of lambs. 

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