scholarly journals 31 Determination of Optimal Harvest Weight for Mangalica Pigs Using a Serial Harvest Approach to Measure Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
Maegan A Reeves ◽  
Courtney E Charlton ◽  
Shannon R Wilkerson ◽  
John G Rehm ◽  
Terry D Brandebourg
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Growth Trial

Abstract Mangalica pigs are a popular niche breed given their reputation for superior quality pork. However, growth and carcass parameters for this breed are poorly documented. Our objective was to better characterize optimal harvest weights for the Mangalica breed. To accomplish this, a growth trial was conducted whereby pigs (n=56) were randomly distributed across stratified harvest weights (50, 57, 68, 82, 93, 102, 127 kg) in a completely randomized design. Pigs were fed standard finisher rations with individual daily feed intakes and weekly body weights recorded for all animals. At 24h postmortem, carcasses were split and ribbed with marbling and loin eye area (LEA) measured at the 10th rib. Primal cuts were fabricated and individually weighed. Fat back was separated from the loin and weighed. As expected, live weight significantly increased across weight class (P < 0.0001). ADG was similar across classes up to 82 kg live weight before steadily declining with increasing weight class (P < 0.0025). Likewise, feed efficiency did not differ between classes until weights heavier than 82 kg (P < 0.03). LEA significantly increased by class up to 82 kg and then plateaued as harvest weight increased further (P < 0.003). Marbling score significantly increased with increasing weight class up to 102 kg where they then plateaued (p < 0.04). Fat back dramatically increased across all weight classes (p < 0.0001) despite negligible increases in LEA or marbling after 102 kg. Primal cut weights for the ham (P < 0.0001), loin (P < 0.0001), Boston butt (P < 0.0001), shoulder (P < 0.0001), and belly (P < 0.0001) all significantly increased with increasing live weight. These data suggest an optimal harvest weight occurs between 82 to 102 kg while offering little objective justification for the current practice of harvesting Mangalica pigs at much heavier live weights.

scholarly journals 30 Determination of Optimal Harvest Weight for Mangalica Pigs Using a Serial Harvest Approach to Measure Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Maegan A Reeves ◽  
Courtney E Charlton ◽  
Shannon R Wilkerson ◽  
John G Rehm ◽  
Terry D Brandebourg
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Growth Trial

Abstract Mangalica pigs are a popular niche breed given their reputation for superior quality pork. However, growth and carcass parameters for this breed are poorly documented. Our objective was to better characterize optimal harvest weights for the Mangalica breed. To accomplish this, a growth trial was conducted whereby pigs (n = 56) were randomly distributed across stratified harvest weights (50, 57, 68, 82, 93, 102, 127 kg) in a completely randomized design. Pigs were fed standard finisher rations with individual daily feed intakes and weekly body weights recorded for all animals. At 24h postmortem, carcasses were split and ribbed with marbling and loin eye area (LEA) measured at the 10th rib. Primal cuts were fabricated and individually weighed. Fat back was separated from the loin and weighed. As expected, live weight significantly increased across weight class (P < 0.0001). ADG was similar across classes up to 82 kg live weight before steadily declining with increasing weight class (P < 0.0025). Likewise, feed efficiency did not differ between classes until weights heavier than 82 kg (P < 0.03). LEA significantly increased by class up to 82 kg and then plateaued as harvest weight increased further (P < 0.003). Marbling score significantly increased with increasing weight class up to 102 kg where they then plateaued (P < 0.04). Fat back dramatically increased across all weight classes (P < 0.0001) despite negligible increases in LEA or marbling after 102 kg. Primal cut weights for the ham (P < 0.0001), loin (P < 0.0001), Boston butt (P < 0.0001), shoulder (P < 0.0001), and belly (P < 0.0001) all significantly increased with increasing live weight. These data suggest an optimal harvest weight occurs between 82 to 102 kg while offering little objective justification for the current practice of harvesting Mangalica pigs at much heavier live weights.

Analysis of Fibronectin and TGF-β1 Immunoexpression to Determination of Wound Vitality in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Novita ◽  
Hasrayati Agustina ◽  
Bethy S. Hernowo ◽  
Abdul H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Wound Age ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Tgf Β1

Wound examination is indispensable in forensic practice. The scientific field of wound age determination has advanced progressively during recent years.The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression in both antemortem and postmortem wounds. This study was an experimental with completely randomized design.  The skin wounds (vital and postmortem) were taken from fourty Wistar rats and divided into 10 groups of rats. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the differences between antemortem and postmortem wounds. The result showed that in 30 minutes after antemortem wound infliction, all of samples showed weak reactivity for fibronectin and TGF-β1 (100%).  In first hour after wound infliction, 3 samples (75%) showed weakly positive and 1 sample (25%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In 2 hour after wound infliction, 1 sample (25%) showed weakly positive and 3 sample (75%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In 3 and 4 hour after wound infliction, all of samples strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In postmortem wound, all of samples showed negativity for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In conclusion, fibronectin and TGF-β1 may be useful in the determination of wound vitality. Keywords: wound, fibronectin, TGF-β1, vitality

Changes in Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites and Hematological Parameters of Growing Lambs Supplemented with Two Sources of Choline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Martínez-García ◽  
J.C. Garcia-Lopez ◽  
P.A. Hernández-García ◽  
G.D. Mendoza-Martínez ◽  
A. Vázquez-Valladolid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Daily Gain

Background: Choline is a nutrient with numerous metabolic functions, but its requirements for ruminants are unknown. The supplementation with bypass choline could enhance productivity. Methods: Twenty-four male lambs (Rambouillet 23.5 kg±3.17 kg initial BW) were fed a basal diet with treatments which consisted of a control and oral doses of ruminally-protected choline (4 g/d RPC) and plant-based choline (4 g/d Biocholine) in a completely randomized design with initial weight as a covariate. The experiment was conducted for 42 days during which live weight, dry matter intake, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites and basic hemograms were measured. Result: The daily gain in lambs was similar between treatments. Intake was higher in lambs given Biocholine (1.32 kg/d). The L* (represents the light to dark color) value and mineral content in the meat were improved with both sources of choline. Blood triglycerides increased by RPC compared with the other treatments and cholesterol was reduced by Biocholine. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity decreased by effect of choline. Hematological parameters were affected by choline supplementation regardless of the source; erythrocyte, monocytes and lymphocytes count decreased with both sources of choline in growing lambs.

scholarly journals Reduction in the in vitro sensitivity oF Drechslera tritici-repentis, isolated from wheat, to strobilurin and triazole fungicides

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Rosane Baldiga Tonin ◽  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Aveline Avozani
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inhibition Data ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Control Failure ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Reports of failure in the chemical control of wheat yellow leaf spot led to determination of the sensitivity of Drechslera tritici-repentis (Dtr) to the fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) and demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). The IC50 was obtained for strobilurins (azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin) and for triazoles (cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole and tebuconazole), using five Dtr isolates. Seven concentrations of the fungicides were tested in the bioassay: 0.00; 0.01; 0.10; 1.00; 10:00 and 20.00 and 40.00 mg/L active ingredient (a.i.). Assays consisted of completely randomized design and four replicates. Each experiment was performed twice, using the average of the two tests for statistical analysis. The percentage inhibition data for conidial germination (QoIs) and for mycelial growth (DMIs) were subjected to logarithmic regression analysis, calculating the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) based on the generated equation. There was a reduction in the sensitivity of Dtr isolates to strobilurins. IC50 values ranged from 0.58 to > 40.00 mg/L. The lowest sensitivity of isolates was detected for azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin. Pyraclostrobin was most efficient, showing IC50 between 0.58 and 1.03 mg/L. The IC50 ranged from 0.35 to 1.37 mg/L for epoxiconazole, from 0.49 to 1.28 mg/L for propiconazole and from 1.41 to 2.34 mg/L for tebuconazole. Prothioconazole was most potent, showing IC50 between 0.09 and 0.21 mg/L. The hypothesis that the control failure can be attributed to the reduced Dtr sensitivity to the fungicides QoIs and DMIs was confirmed.

scholarly journals Ewe maternal behavior score to estimate lamb survival and performance during lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Barros de Moraes ◽  
Cesar Henrique Espírito Candal Poli ◽  
Vivian Fischer ◽  
Neuza Maria Fajardo ◽  
Marta Farias Aita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Presence Of People ◽  
Filial Behavior

Mortality of perinatal lambs and low weight at weaning cause huge liabilities to farmers. Current study describes maternal-filial behavior and evaluates the use of maternal behavior score (MBS) to estimate the behavior of ewes and lambs soon after birth, and correlate it with lamb mortality and performance during lactation. Thirty-seven Corriedale ewes were used in a completely randomized design. MBS was assessed up to 24 hours after birth, taking into consideration the distance of the ewe from the lamb at the approach of a person. Maternal behavior, placental weight, weight gain of the lambs until weaning and their survival rate were also evaluated until two hours after lambing. More than 90% of the ewes had adequate maternal behavior, with parental care, even though ewes were very sensitive to the presence of people. There was no significant correlation between MBS and maternal behavior, lamb mortality rate and live weight gain. Under these conditions, MBS was not a useful tool to estimate maternal behavior and performance of lambs. 

scholarly journals Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Lina Maria Peñuela Sierra ◽  
Ivan Moreira ◽  
Antonio Claudio Furlan ◽  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Ângela Rocio Poveda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Spray Dried

Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts - sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewer's yeast (SCBY) - in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 ± 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.

scholarly journals Efficiency of portable chlorophyll meters in assessing the nutritional status of wheat plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1148-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessana F. Schlichting ◽  
Edna M. Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Matheus de C. Silva ◽  
William Pietro-Souza ◽  
Tonny J. A. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Indirect Determination ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of two portable chlorophyll meters (Minolta SPAD® 502 and Falker ClorofiLOG® 1030) in assessing the nutritional status of wheat plants, correlating the indices from the devices and the direct determination of chlorophyll content with the concentration of nitrogen (N) in the plant. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in pots with 5 dm3 of Oxisol, in a completely randomized design, with six N doses (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 mg dm-3) and five replicates. At 47 days after emergence, the readings of SPAD and Falker indices and the quantification of chlorophyll content and N concentration in wheat plants were performed, as well as analysis of variance and correlation test, both at 0.05 probability level. The chlorophyll meters Minolta SPAD® 502 and Falker ClorofiLOG® 1030 do not differ with respect to the indirect determination of chlorophyll in wheat plants. The Falker chlorophyll index was statistically equal to the chlorophyll content. Indirect chlorophyll indices and chlorophyll content showed a high correlation with the N concentration in the plant.

scholarly journals Methionine plus cystine requirements for the maintenance and efficiency of utilization with tambaqui of different body weights

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neliane Galvão Porto ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Rafael Silva Marchão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Amino Acid Requirement ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Methionine is an essential amino acid, and generally, the first limiting one in the diets of tambaqui, the main native fish produced in continental aquaculture in South America. However, there is a lack of information on their amino acid requirement, especially for maintenance and efficiency of utilization. The present study aimed to determine the requirement of [methionine plus cystine] for the maintenance and efficiency of utilization using tambaqui of different body weights. Two experiments were carried out using 250 tambaqui with weights of 100 and 300 g. They were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatment groups (0.264, 0.396, 0.528, and 0.660% of digestible [Met + Cys]), five replications. The control treatment (CT) was performed with the addition of methionine at the first level (0.264%) until the second level was reached (0.396%). The maintenance requirement was determined by the regression analysis between the consumption of [Met + Cys] and protein retention equal to zero. The efficiency was determined using the value of the slope coefficient of the line obtained by the linear regression. The protein and methionine retention values of tambaqui weighing 100 to 300 g were compared by the parallelism test, and no difference was observed between the parameters of the equations indicating the need for only one equation to describe the responses to body weights. The requirement of digestible [Met + Cys] for the maintenance of tambaqui with weights from 100 to 300 g was 60.47 mg kg-0.7 day-1 and the efficiency of utilization of 42%.

scholarly journals Application of sorting dependent criterias in determination of volume and area bruising of “Golab-Kohanz” apple in Iran

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dadashpour
Keyword(s):  
Contact Surface ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Damage Criteria ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Area And Volume

Apple fruits are subjected to different loading damage from harvesting to supermarket shelf. Bruising has been attracted many researchers as one of the most important damage criteria. In this research, the effects of some factors such as counter-face material, drop height and linear velocity of apples (conveyor speed) were investigated. Influence of these factors on bruising of ?Golab-Kohanz? variety was analyzed by a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial test at three levels of drop height (10, 20 and 30 cm), conveyor speed (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 ms- 1) and four counter-face materials (wood, steel, plastic and cardboard). Tests were conducted at three replications with 108 treatments. Analysis of variance results showed that the effects of drop height and counter-face material on bruising area at 1% level was significant while bruising volume only affected by contact surface material (P<0.01). Mean comparison test indicated that there was no significant difference among levels of conveyor speed on the area and volume bruising. Also, there was no significant difference among levels of drop height on volume bruising while it was significant on the area bruising. Steel and wooden material had no significant effect on the area and volume bruising but their differences with plastic and cardboard were significant. Therefore, drop height and counter-face material must be considered in designing the apple processing systems.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RANSUM KOMERSIL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BAHAN PAKAN LOKAL TERFERMENTASI AMONIUM SULFAT DAN UREA TERHADAP BOBOT HIDUP, BOBOT KARKAS, DAN BOBOT GIBLET ITIK HIBRIDA JANTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Amir Husein ◽  
Rudy Sutrisna ◽  
Dian Septinova
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
University Research ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Male Hybrid ◽  
Level Of Significance

This research aimed to know the influence of giving a commercial ration with addition of local feed fermented with ammonium sulphate and urea and to find out the best ration on live weight, carcass weight, and giblet weight of male hybrid ducks. This research was carried out in July 2018--August 2018 in the cage of ducks, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University. Research material used consisted of 40 male hybrid ducks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data was analysed using analysis of variance at 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was no different effect of treatments on live weight (1,552--1,717 g / duck), carcass weight (805,6--1.016 g / duck), and giblet weight (106.8--118.45 g /duck) of male hybrid ducks. Keywords: Carcass weight, Giblet weight, Live weight, Male hybrid duck.

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