Perancangan Sistem Otomatisasi Penyalaan Lampu, Kipas Angin, dan Proyektor Dalam Ruang Kelas

In general, the control of using electronic equipment in the classroom manually. Sometimes lecturers or students forget to turn off electronic equipment after the class so that there is a waste of electrical energy use. Application of automation of using electronic equipment is one solution to overcome these problems so that electrical energy becomes more efficient. This study designed a prototype of an automation system for electrical equipment in the classroom, namely lights, fans, and projectors. This system was also to turn off the electricity when nobody was in the class. The automation system controls the use of electrical energy in devices in the classroom through on-off control of the electrical network components connected to each device. In this design, the PIR sensor can detect the presence of people up to a distance of 7 meters. The Arduino Uno controller activates the lights in the class when the LDR Sensor detects a light intensity of less than 200 Lux. Then, the fan is active when the LM35 sensor detects the temperature in the class above 28oC. The FC-04 sensor detects the sound of clapping for control of projector ignition by the controller.

Dynamic Test and Analysis of the Structure of the Stadium Stand in Suzhou Industrial Park

The test object is the grandstand of the Suzhou Industrial Park Stadium. First, the structure was tested for dynamic characteristics, including natural frequency, mode test, and damping test. Then, the structure was subjected to a human-induced vibration response test. Lastly, the finite-element modeling of the structure was carried out, and the simulated and measured values were compared. The test results of the dynamic characteristics of the structure are consistent with the calculated values, and the finite-element modeling of the structure was accurate and reasonable. The natural frequency of structural modal test areas 1 and 2 met the 3 Hz limit vibration specified by JGJ/T 441-2019, and the second-order resonance frequency was still within the range of pedestrian load frequency, which may still cause comfort problems. Test results show that the presence of people increases the damping effect of the structure.

Comparison of the effects of three types of heating tobacco system and conventional cigarettes on indoor air quality

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from conventional cigarettes is reported to affect indoor air quality (IAQ) in various real indoor environments. Recently, Japan Tobacco Inc. introduced three types of tobacco product that are heated rather than combusted. These comprise one direct heating tobacco system and two in-direct heating tobacco systems. In this study, the impact of using these products on IAQ was evaluated in an environmentally controlled chamber. Two environmental conditions, simulating restaurant and residential spaces, were examined. Under the same conditions, cigarette smoking and the presence of people only were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The indoor air concentrations of 48 constituents (tobacco-specific nitrosamines, carbonyls, volatile organic compounds, total volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic amines, mercury, metals, ETS markers, propylene glycol, glycerol, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, suspended particle matter, ammonia, and nitrogen oxides) were measured. Compared with the presence of people, the concentrations of some constituents were actually increased when using heating tobacco products under both environmental conditions, simulating restaurant and residential spaces. However, the constituent concentrations were lower than those obtained by cigarette smoking, except for propylene glycol and glycerol, and below the exposure limits for constituents in air, as defined by air quality guidelines or regulations. Based on these data, the use of heating tobacco systems in appropriate indoor environments has less impacts compared to conventional cigarettes. Article Highlights We measured the indoor air concentrations of chemical constituents generated when using three heating tobacco systems with different heating mechanisms in two environment conditions simulating restaurant and residential spaces (positive control: when smoking cigarettes, negative control: the presence of people only). In the measurement and analysis method used this study, it was possible to find not only that the air concentration generated when using the heating tobacco systems in this study were considerably lower than that when smoking cigarettes, but also the differences of the concentrations between heating tobacco systems with different heating mechanisms. We showed some constituents which actually increased the air concentrations when using heating tobacco systems compared with the presence of people only.

Smart Classroom for Electricity-Saving with Integrated IoT System

Electricity-saving can be achieved through the efficient use of energy such as turning off lights and electrical appliances when not in use. Therefore this work proposed the smart classroom for electricity-saving with an integrated IoT System to prevent wasting electricity in the classroom. Smart Classroom means that it will detect and count the number of students entering and exiting the classroom by using a sensor system automatically. The main objective of this work is to control the lighting systems and fans by using the IoT application and sensor system. This means that when the sensor is triggered the sensor will send data to the Blynk application software using IoT to display the status of the classroom. This proposed work is also able to detect whether a classroom is available to use or not based on the presence of people. If the classroom is being used the Blynk application software will show the lamp and fan are ON. Otherwise the lamps and fans are OFF if there are no people in the classroom. The result successfully shows that if the first student entering the classroom all the lamps and fans are ON. While if the last student exiting the classroom all the lamps and fans are OFF. This result also indicates that electricity can be saved if all appliances in the classroom are switch OFF at the right time.

Simulation of scenarios for the development of a fire in a shopping and entertainment center

The paper analyzes fires in the Russian Federation, including in shopping and entertainment centers. Objects with a mass stay of people are investigated on the example of the shopping entertainment center Passage "Solnechny Rai" in Voronezh. As a result of the analysis carried out on the study of objects with a massive presence of people, in our case, at the alleged object of extinguishing a fire and conducting an ACR, at the time of the fire there were more than 50 people, one way or another in comparison even with night time when there are no people at the object , the object refers to objects with a mass presence of people. Forecasting the development of the fire was carried out for the shopping and entertainment center Passage "Solnechny Rai". Simulation of two scenarios of fire development with the most dangerous zones of fire occurrence has been carried out. According to the first scenario of a fire in the premises of the Perekrestok store located on the ground floor, in the event of a fire in the store, the greatest amount of manpower and resources will be required, since this facility has the highest fire load, storage of a large amount of goods. According to the second scenario, a fire breaks out in a retail space located on the third floor of the building of the “Solnechny Rai” Passage shopping and entertainment center. As a result of a fire, adjacent rooms and higher floors are quickly filled with combustion products, which will lead to the impossible evacuation of people by their own forces. For the considered shopping and entertainment center, recommendations have been developed for organizing rescue operations.

Analysis of the Operation of an Unheated Wooden Church to the Shaping of Thermal and Humidity Conditions Using the Numerical Method

The article deals with the problem of the effects of using a wooden church on thermal and humidity conditions forming inside. Religious services in the studied site were provided several times a year. The building was not used in the remaining time. The analysis of the effects of the frequency of religious services and the number of people at the services on the formation of temperature and humidity conditions in the wooden church is provided in this paper. The effect of the presence of people in the church on CO2 concentration fluctuations was also studied. Analysis of the results showed that external conditions have the greatest effect on internal microclimate substitutions. The presence of people affects temporary fluctuations in internal parameters. Both the number of people attending the service and the time of year are important. An indoor air temperature amplitude of 9.4 °C was recorded during the winter period. The CO2 level in the church during the service exceeded the limit value of 1000 ppm, reaching 1800 ppm in the extreme case, which could result in decreased comfort for people. The high CO2 concentration may have been caused by a lack of effective ventilation in the building. The obtained simulation results showed a high agreement of the theoretical data with the measurement results (correlation 0.91). The analysis of three simulation variants showed that the people attending the services have a significant share in the gains of thermal energy inside the church. In order to meet the assumptions for variant 1, there are no requirements to start the heating system, assuming a similar schedule of services.

The Stress Level of Elderly who Lives with Family at Home and at Nursing Home

Elderly is the last stage of human life. Adaptation to loss and limitations in old age is influenced by previous personalities. The presence of people closest to the elderly can affect the level of stress and feelings of worthlessness that lead to depression. The objectives of the study analyzed the differences stress levels in the elderly who received social support from family at home and from peers in the nursing home. The design of the study was comparative study. The population was the elderly who live in nursing home and who live with their families in East Java. The sample was 60 people, divided into 2 (two) groups, each group was 30 people taken by purposive samples. The stdy was done on Malang Raya and Tresna Werdha Social Service Pandaan nursing home (East Java). The study was conducted in 2018. The instruments study used questionnaires. The data analysis used independent sample t-test. The results showed that there was no difference in the psychological condition stress level of the elderly who received social support from family at home and from peers in the nursing home with Alpha value 0.053 greater than alpha 0.05. It is expected that families and managers of the nursing home to provide good support to the elderly so that the elderly avoid the stress.

What’s new and notable in bacterial spore killing!

Spores of many species of the orders Bacillales and Clostridiales can be vectors for food spoilage, human diseases and intoxications, and biological warfare. Many agents are used for spore killing, including moist heat in an autoclave, dry heat at elevated temperatures, UV radiation at 254 and more recently 222 and 400 nm, ionizing radiation of various types, high hydrostatic pressures and a host of chemical decontaminants. An alternative strategy is to trigger spore germination, as germinated spores are much easier to kill than the highly resistant dormant spores—the so called “germinate to eradicate” strategy. Factors important to consider in choosing methods for spore killing include the: (1) cost; (2) killing efficacy and kinetics; (3) ability to decontaminate large areas in buildings or outside; and (4) compatibility of killing regimens with the: (i) presence of people; (ii) food quality; (iii) presence of significant amounts of organic matter; and (iv) minimal damage to equipment in the decontamination zone. This review will summarize research on spore killing and point out some common flaws which can make results from spore killing research questionable.

Arduino Based Multifunction Fan

Fans are electronic equipment that are often found in Indonesia, but fan use is generally still used manually. This can cause the use of fans to be ineffective, and again humans must approach the fan in regulating the fan speed according to room temperature and adjusting the fan direction that is right for use. The purpose of this research is to innovate conventional fans into automatic fans to make it easier and more comfortable for humans to operate. This research method is to explain the design of hardware and software as well as the exposure of the experimental tools. The results of this study are that the fan automatically selects the fan speed according to the temperature read by the DHT11 sensor, and if the read temperature exceeds 350C, the system will spray water vapor through a 12V DC pump and stop if the temperature read is below 350C, then the fan will turn on. On / off automatically according to the presence of people around the fan through the PIR sensor, the temperature indicator and the presence of people are displayed on the 16X2 LCD, then for the fan in terms of turning right-left and spraying perfume can be controlled from a distance of 7 meters via IR remote. Where all these systems are controlled via a microcontroller in the form of ARDUINO UNO

VIOLENCE IN PRISON ISOLATION

Violence is present in various environments, in various social groups – wherever there is a disproportion between people in terms of physical or mental strength, social or economic status. A prison is a specific place due to it’s a total character and an isolating nature, as well as the presence of people who have committed crimes. Therefore, the aim of the article was to analyze the phenomenon of violence occurring in conditions of prison isolation. A comparative analysis was carried out based on statistical data obtained from the Central Board of the Prison Service for the years 2004-2019 in terms of the incidence of violence in the prisoner-officer and prisoner-prisoner relationship.