scholarly journals Effects of elevated CO2 and water stress on root structure and hydraulic conductance of Solanum melongena L

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash C Sarker ◽  
Michihiro Hara
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Co2 Environment

Pot experiment was conducted using eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) grown in a controlled growth chamber environment. Ambient (370 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) CO2 concentrations, were used. Hydraulic conductance in stressed eggplants was lower than that of control eggplants and this phenomenon was enhanced under elevated CO2 environment and also due to plant age. Hydraulic conductance through the root system in free water was comparatively higher than that of soil medium. As in the pressure plate apparatus technique with moist soil, the eggplants that experienced repetitively shorter stress showed the lowest conductance (6.38 × 10-5 kg/m2/s/MPa) under the interactive effects of high CO2 and water stress while control and longer stressed plants had 9.11 × 10-5 and 7.19 × 10-5 kg/m2/s/MPa, respectively. It appeared that eggplants grown in a high CO2 environment might be efficient in water use under soil water shortage conditions. Key words: Solanum melongena; Hydraulic conductance; Root structure; Water stress DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i1.5125 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(1): 55-63, 2009 (June

scholarly journals How downstream sub-basins depend on upstream inflows to avoid scarcity: typology and global analysis of transboundary rivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2795-2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Ahmed Munia ◽  
Joseph H. A. Guillaume ◽  
Naho Mirumachi ◽  
Yoshihide Wada ◽  
Matti Kummu
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Available Water

Abstract. Countries sharing river basins are often dependent upon water originating outside their boundaries; meaning that without that upstream water, water scarcity may occur with flow-on implications for water use and management. We develop a formalisation of this concept drawing on ideas about the transition between regimes from resilience literature, using water stress and water shortage as indicators of water scarcity. In our analytical framework, dependency occurs if water from upstream is needed to avoid scarcity. This can be diagnosed by comparing different types of water availability on which a sub-basin relies, in particular local runoff and upstream inflows. At the same time, possible upstream water withdrawals reduce available water downstream, influencing the latter water availability. By developing a framework of scarcity and dependency, we contribute to the understanding of transitions between system regimes. We apply our analytical framework to global transboundary river basins at the scale of sub-basin areas (SBAs). Our results show that 1175 million people live under water stress (42 % of the total transboundary population). Surprisingly, the majority (1150 million) of these currently suffer from stress only due to their own excessive water use and possible water from upstream does not have impact on the stress status – i.e. they are not yet dependent on upstream water to avoid stress – but could still impact on the intensity of the stress. At the same time, 386 million people (14 %) live in SBAs that can avoid stress owing to available water from upstream and have thus upstream dependency. In the case of water shortage, 306 million people (11 %) live in SBAs dependent on upstream water to avoid possible shortage. The identification of transitions between system regimes sheds light on how SBAs may be affected in the future, potentially contributing to further refined analysis of inter- and intrabasin hydro-political power relations and strategic planning of management practices in transboundary basins.

scholarly journals Water Stress Influence on The Vegetative Period Yield Components of Different Maize Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Cassyo de Araujo Rufino ◽  
Jucilayne Fernandes-Vieira ◽  
Jesús Martín-Gil ◽  
José Abreu Júnior ◽  
Lizandro Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stress Influence

Maize is an important food staple in many countries, and is useful in animal feed and many industrial applications. Its productivity is highly sensitive to drought stress, which may occur at any period during its growth cycle. The objective of this work was to compare the water stress influence on the performance of different maize genotypes in critical vegetative stages. Four genotypes of maize (namely a single-cross hybrid (AG 9045), a double-cross hybrid (AG 9011), a triple-cross hybrid (AG 5011), and a variety (AL Bandeirante)) were subjected to a 10-day period without irrigation in the vegetative stages that determine the number of kernel rows and the plant’s ability to take up nutrients and water (V4, V6 and V8). The impact of low water availability was assessed by analyzing plant height, height of the first ear insertion, stem diameter, yield per plant, and number of rows per ear, evincing that the yield per plant was the most sensitive parameter in all the stages. With regard to the influence of the genotype, the single-cross hybrid was demonstrated to be the most resilient to water shortage.

Plants and Geothermal CO2 Exhalations — Survival in and Adaptation to a High CO2 Environment

2004 ◽  
pp. 499-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardy Pfanz ◽  
Dominik Vodnik ◽  
Christiane Wittmann ◽  
Guido Aschan ◽  
Antonio Raschi
Keyword(s):  
High Co2 ◽  
Co2 Environment

scholarly journals RESEARCH NOTEA comparison between reference transpiration and measurements of evaporation for a riparian grassland site

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Finch ◽  
R. J. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Riparian Grassland ◽  
Grassland Site

Abstract. This paper compares direct measurements of evaporation with the values predicted for reference transpiration. The measurements of actual evaporation were made using an eddy correlation device on a grass field adjacent to the river Thames. Measurements of soil moisture and the driving meteorological variables were also made. The results showed that, during a period with minimal rainfall but no water stress, the cumulative values of reference transpiration compared very well with the cumulative measured evaporation and changes in soil moisture content. However, the values on specific days did not compare well. Following significant rainfall, the measured evaporation increased for a few days, probably due to evaporation of free water from the canopy or soil. Reference transpiration fell consistently below the measured evaporation once the soil moisture deficits exceeded 140 to 150 mm.

scholarly journals Fertigation of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) with Fe-Glutamate Confers Better Plant Performance and Drought Tolerance in Comparison with FeSO4

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Sumreena Shahid ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Esawi ◽  
Abdullah I. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Fe Uptake

Shortage of fresh water limits crop yield. Different ways including the use of chemicals are being employed for the improvement in yield through induction of plant performance. In the present study, ajwain plants grown under water stress and normal irrigation conditions were fertigated with Fe-chelated glutamate (Fe-Glu), as a foliar spray for the induction of plant performance in comparison with FeSO4. Water shortage adversely affected the plant growth and seed yield, associated with decreased uptake of water and nutrients, along with perturbations in different physio-biochemical attributes. On the other hand, Fe-Glu and FeSO4 fertigation improved plant performance under water stress and normal irrigation conditions. Fe-Glu and FeSO4 fertigation ameliorated the adverse effects of water stress on biomass and seed production, improved water and nutrients uptake, increased the accumulation of essential amino acids, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids, and reduced the lipid peroxidation due to the induction of antioxidative mechanisms. Fertigation of Fe-Glu and FeSO4 also improved Fe uptake and conferred better mobility and availability of Fe for plants when applied in chelated form. Overall, a significant improvement in ajwain performance under water stress and normal irrigation conditions was recorded due to the fertigation of Fe-Glu as compared with FeSO4.

scholarly journals The Effect of Water Stress on Translocation in Relation to Photosynthesis and Growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Effect Of Water

Photosynthetic rate, leaf and root extension, dry weight changes, and the translocation of labelled photosynthates were followed in L. temulentum plants subjected to water shortage at a time when the eighth leaf was expanding.

Interactive Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Water Stress on Potato Canopy Growth and Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Fleisher ◽  
Dennis J. Timlin ◽  
Vangimalla R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Interactive Effects
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