scholarly journals Effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine treatments on pre-harvest fruit drop and fruit quality of Braeburn apples

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Burhan Ozturk ◽  
Kenan Yildiz ◽  
Yakup Ozkan ◽  
Kemal Kilic
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
Second Year

This study was conducted to determine the effects of increasing aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) concentrations on pre-harvest drop and fruit quality parameters of ‘Braeburn’ apples. Results revealed that AVG treatments increased the fruit removal force and significantly decreased pre-harvest drops compared to control treatment. AVG was found to be more effective in controlling pre-harvest drops than naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). There were significant differences among AVG doses with regard to preharvest drop rates. The lowest ratio of pre-harvest drop was observed in 400 mg/l AVG treatment. All AVG doses decreased ethylene biosynthesis. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis was higher in 300 and 400 mg/l AVG treatments than the other AVG treatment. AVG retarded fruit ripening of ‘Braeburn’ apples. Measurements, performed at different dates of ripening process, revealed higher flesh firmness values for AVG-treated fruits than the control. Starch degradation was delayed by AVG treatments. Effects of AVG on fruit peel color varied with years. While significant effects of AVG treatments on peel color were not observed in the first year, especially higher AVG doses significantly increased L* values and hue angles in the second year. AVG treatments also significantly increased fruit mass in both years. Significant changes in fruit geometric diameters were not observed with AVG treatments, except for 300 mg/l AVG treatment of second year.

scholarly journals AVG application regimes play an important role on pre-harvest drop and ripening of ‘Jonagold’ apples

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3595
Author(s):  
Burhan Ozturk ◽  
Yakup Ozkan ◽  
Kenan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
L Value

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) treatments on pre-harvest fruit drop rates and ripening levels of ‘Jonagold’ apples. A total of 225 mg L-1 AVG dose was applied at once in a single application at different times or divided into doses and applied different times. Compared to control treatment, entire AVG treatments increased fruit removal force and significantly decreased the pre-harvest drop rates. AVG treatments applied at once (225 mg L-1) 8 or 4 weeks before the anticipated harvest time were found to be more effective than the divided treatments. AVG treatments inhibited ethylene biosynthesis and such an inhibition was more distinctive in single 225 mg L-1 treatments. AVG treatments decreased flesh softening, starch degradation rates and consequently retarded fruit ripening. The 225 mg L-1 AVG treatment applied 4 weeks before the harvest significantly increased L* value and hue angle both in the year 2010 and 2011. NAA (naphtaleneacetic acid) at 10 mg L-1 sprayed 4 and 2 weeks before anticipated harvest was found to be insignificant in control of pre-harvest fruit drops. NAA treatment decreased flesh firmness, and did not have any significant effects on ethylene biosynthesis.

scholarly journals AVG, NAA, boron, and magnesium influence preharvest fruit drop and fruit quality of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle H. Arseneault ◽  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples ◽  
Colour Development

Preharvest fruit drop (PFD) of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) can cause significant losses resulting in up to 50% reduction in yield in some years. In a 2-yr study, ‘Honeycrisp’ trees were treated with six foliar treatments including 20 mg·L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 2 wk before anticipated harvest (WBAH), 125 mg·L−1 aminoethoxyvinylglycine hydrochloride (AVG) 4 WBAH, AVG plus NAA 2 WBAH, and repeat sprays of 200 mg·L−1 B, and 2000 mg·L−1 Mg applied 48–93 d after full bloom to evaluate their effect on PFD and fruit quality. Fruit drop associated with broken pedicels and physiological causes was monitored. During a year with ∼43% PFD on untreated control trees, AVG retained up to ∼35% and NAA retained up to ∼27% of the total fruit number, relative to the control trees. The combination of AVG plus NAA had similar PFD compared with AVG alone, while B and Mg were similar to the control. The proportion of PFD associated with broken pedicels was ∼5%. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine delayed starch degradation, ethylene evolution, and blush skin colour development of fruit. This study supports the use of AVG 4 WBAH and NAA 2 WBAH to manage ‘Honeycrisp’ PFD, which may offer economic advantages for growing quality apples. Foliar sprays of Mg or B failed to reduce PFD.

scholarly journals The quality and storage efficiency of some apple varieties as a function of picking date, area of production and duration of storage

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sass ◽  
Z. Lakner
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Duration Of Storage

Numerous apple varieties have been tested parallel with traditional Jonathan varieties during four years, 1990-1994 on three different geographical areas of Hungary. The picking time took place at three different times in a year: ten days before the probably optimal picking time, at close-to-optimal picking time, and ten days after the optimal picking time. The effect of storage on quality of fruits have been tested in February, March, and April under circumstances of a semi-industrial storage experiment. The results of experience can contribute to answer numerous current, from point of view of practice important topics: The stochastic relations between various fruit quality parameters at different varieties The change of fruit — quality during storage The effect of different picking date on storage losses The possibilities of storage — loss predicting by the utilization of multiple regression analysis. The most important results of experiences are as follows : The starch — degradation test and Streiff — index are well applicable for practical purposes to determine the optimal harvest-date. On base of analysis of various losses and physiological diseases the high importance of mass loss is obvious. In the variety Jonnee the earlier picking date considerably increased the mass loss. The effect of variety on mass loss is rather limited. In the Jonathan varieties the Jonathan spot was a rather important physiological disease. The late picking time increased the frequency of Jonathan - spot. At optimal date of harvest at Jonnee the frequency of Jonathan -spot was lower, than at Jonathan M 41. In the Jonathan M41 and Jonnee the importance of scald was rather limited, but in the Wellspur Delicious and Smoothee this disease occurred relatively frequently. In the Smoothee the earlier picking time considerably increased the probability of scald. The multiple regression analysis yielded reliable results, fit for prediction of storage losses and diseases on the base of chemical and physical properties, determined at the time of picking.  

scholarly journals Vertical Distribution of Crop Load and Fruit Quality within Vase- and Y-shaped Canopies of `Elegant Lady' Peach

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Farina ◽  
Riccardo Lo Bianco ◽  
Paolo Inglese
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Peach Trees

Canopy shape and depth may influence crop uniformity of peach trees at harvest. To test this hypothesis we examined yield distribution and fruit quality changes at different canopy levels of peach trees trained to delayed vase (DV) and perpendicular Y (Y). Trees of both training forms were divided vertically into six or seven 50-cm-deep layers and fruit was harvested at commercial ripening from each layer separately. Regardless of training form, number of fruit and yield per layer were highest in the central part of the canopy, but more evenly distributed among canopy layers in Y trees. In DV trees, fruit weight decreased linearly from top to bottom, whereas it remained constant along the top and middle portion of Y canopies to decrease rapidly at the bottom. In DV trees, 83% of the fruit fell into AAA, AA and A size categories, whereas fruit of Y trees was more evenly distributed among all size categories. Hue of fruit peel color increased linearly with distance from canopy top in both training forms, but more sharply in DV trees. Fruit soluble solid content decreased linearly from canopy top to bottom, regardless of training form. A more uniform crop load distribution within the canopy in combination with a light penetration gradient resulted in greater variability of quality parameters for Y than DV trees.

scholarly journals Multiple season-long sprays of ethephon or NAA combined with calcium chloride on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples: I. Effect on bloom and fruit quality attributes

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-459
Author(s):  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples

‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees are highly prone to biennial bearing and predisposed to bitter pit. The hypothesis that tank mix sprays of ethephon (ETH), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) combined with calcium chloride (CaCl2) can mitigate these production problems was tested in a 3-yr study. Mature ‘Honeycrisp’ trees were treated with either three or six summer applications of 150 mg L−1 ETH or 5 mg L−1 NAA, all tank-mixed with and without CaCl2, or two or five applications of 150 mg L−1 ACC (without CaCl2). Treatments were applied at 10-d intervals and initiated between 21 and 26 June. All treatments had little effect on enhancing return bloom of ‘Honeycrisp’. NAA, ETH, and CaCl2 all influenced fruit maturity and quality at harvest to varying degrees and across years. Fruit treated with NAA were firmer compared with untreated fruit in 2 out of 3 yr, whereas overall, fruit treated with six sprays of ETH had lower fruit firmness and were more mature. NAA had less influence on fruit quality attributes at harvest than did ETH, and decreased pre-harvest fruit drop (PFD). PFD increased with ETH in 1 out of 2 yr, whereas ACC and NAA both decreased PFD in 1 out of 2 yr. Overall, ETH and NAA, with or without CaCl2, had significant but inconsistent effects on fruit quality and maturity, all dependent on the year and number of applications. Adding CaCl2 decreased fruit firmness in 2 out of 3 yr.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Flavonoid Metabolic Pathway Is Associated with Fruit Peel Coloration of Melon

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2830
Author(s):  
Aiai Zhang ◽  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Xuemiao Chen ◽  
Xueyin Shi ◽  
Huaisong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
Dark Green

The peel color is an important external quality of melon fruit. To explore the mechanisms of melon peel color formation, we performed an integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome with three different fruit peel samples (grey-green ‘W’, dark-green ‘B’, and yellow ‘H’). A total of 40 differentially expressed flavonoids were identified. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis was associated with the fruit peel coloration of melon. Twelve differentially expressed genes regulated flavonoids synthesis. Among them, nine (two 4CL, F3H, three F3′H, IFS, FNS, and FLS) up-regulated genes were involved in the accumulation of flavones, flavanones, flavonols, and isoflavones, and three (2 ANS and UFGT) down-regulated genes were involved in the accumulation of anthocyanins. This study laid a foundation to understand the molecular mechanisms of melon peel coloration by exploring valuable genes and metabolites.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilisers and farmyard manure on grain and straw yield, quality and economical parameters of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Milan Vach ◽  
Zdeněk Abrhám ◽  
Ladislav Mensik ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Technology And Economy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technological Methods

In the years 2011–2014, winter wheat grain yield, qualitative and economic parameters were evaluated according to different fertiliser treatments: (1) control: unfertilised treatment; (2) farmyard manure (FYM) and (3) FYM + NPK (farmyard manure applied together with mineral NPK). The highest yields (8.10 t/ha) were recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment, while significantly lower yields (6.20 t/ha and 5.73 t/ha) were recorded in FYM and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, statistically significantly higher values of the quality parameters were found in the FYM + NPK treatment (13.55% of crude protein content and 43.56 mL of Zeleny’s sedimentation test), compared to control (10% and 22.44 mL, respectively). The modelling expert system (AGROTEKIS-Crop Technology and Economy) was used for the evaluation of economy. This software is based on technological methods of cultivation and norms of material input costs and costs of individual mechanised works. The economic benefits and profitability were evaluated for three different levels of grain market price. The highest gross profit per ha was recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment. According to the gross profit, the control treatment provided better results than the FYM treatment.

scholarly journals Phosphorus effects of recycled products from municipal wastewater on crops in a field experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vogel Telse ◽  
Nelles Michael ◽  
Eichler-Löbermann Bettina
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Fertilizing Effect ◽  
Sludge Ash

In this study, the phosphorus (P) fertilizing effects of struvite, one thermochemical-treated sewage sludge ash (SSA) based on Ca-P (Ca-SSA) and one full sulfuric acid-digested SSA based on Al-P (Al-SSA) were analysed in comparison to triple superphosphate (TSP) and a control treatment (CON) without P application in a two-year field experiment. In the field experiment, the effects of the recycling products on crop yield, P uptake and labile soil P fractions were analysed. In addition, the effect of nitrogen and magnesium contained in struvite was investigated in the second year of the experiment compared to TSP and CON. In the first year, spring barley was cultivated in the field experiment; and in the second year, it was forage rye followed by sorghum. In the second year, the relative P effectiveness (forage rye, sorghum) of the recycling products compared to TSP increased in the order: Ca-SSA (81%, 91%) ≤ Al-SSA (91%, 96%) = struvite (102%, 110%). In addition, an magnesium fertilizing effect of struvite could be demonstrated. The results show that the recycling products from wastewater treatment are appropriate to substitute rock phosphate-based fertilizers.

Effects of organic matter and time of incorporation on root development of tropical maize seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
U. Sangakkara ◽  
S. Nissanka ◽  
P. Stamp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
The Impact

Smallholders in the tropics add different organic materials to their crops at different times, based on the availability of materials and labour. However, the time of application could have an effect on the establishment and early growth of crops, especially their root systems, which has not yet been clearly identified. This paper presents the results of a study conducted under greenhouse conditions using soils from a field treated with three organic materials at 4 or 2 weeks before or at the planting of maize seeds, corresponding to the times that tropical smallholders apply these materials. The organic materials used were leaves of Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia or rice straw, incorporated at a rate equivalent to 6 Mt ha −1 . A control treatment where no organic matter was added was used for comparison. The impact of the treatments on soil properties at the planting of maize seed and detailed root analysis based on root lengths were carried out until the last growth stage (V4). The addition of organic matter improved the soil characteristics, and the impact of adding Gliricidia leaves was most pronounced when incorporated 2 weeks before planting. The benefits of leaves of Tithonia or rice straw on soil quality parameters were clearly evident when added 4 weeks before planting. Organic matter enhanced the root number, root length, root growth rate and branching indices. All the organic materials suppressed the growth of maize roots when applied at planting, suggesting the existence of allelopathic effects, which could result in poor growth. The most benefits in terms of root growth were observed with Tithonia .

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