scholarly journals Morphology and pigment content of sporophytes and gametophytes of ten fern species

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-956
Author(s):  
Asia Bibi ◽  
Shabbir Ejaz ◽  
Sidra Rafique ◽  
Saima Ashraf

The morphology and pigment contents of sporophytes and gametophytes of ten fern species were studied. In the morphological study, variations were found in stipe, texture, rachis, fronds and sori of these species. Photosynthestic pigment contents of sporophyte and gametophyte of ten species vary to a great extent. Even sporophyte and gametophyte of same species vary in pigment content. Sporophyte revealed higher chlorophyll content than gametophyte. The highest chlorophyll a and b were found in the gametophyte of Cetarach officinarum Gametophyte of Adiantum flabellatum produced maximum anthocyanin whereas minimum anthocyanin content was found in the sporophyte of Cetarach dalhousiae. The highest carotenoid content was obtained from the gametophyte of Cheilanthus albomarginata. Altitudinal variations were also found to affect morphology and pigment content of sporophytes and gametophytes of ten fern species.

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Most Naznin ◽  
Mark Lefsrud ◽  
Valerie Gravel ◽  
Md Azad

The aim of this study was to investigate the different combinations of red (R) and blue (B) light emitting diode (LEDs’) lighting effects on growth, pigment content, and antioxidant capacity in lettuce, spinach, kale, basil, and pepper in a growth chamber. The growth chamber was equipped with R and B light percentages based on total light intensity: 83% R + 17% B; 91% R + 9% B; 95% R + 5% B; and control was 100% R. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), photoperiod, temperature, and relative humidity of the growth chamber were maintained at 200 ± 5 μmol m−2 s−1, 16 h, 25/21 ± 2.5 °C, and 65 ± 5%, respectively. It is observed that the plant height of lettuce, kale, and pepper was significantly increased under 100% R light, whereas the plant height of spinach and basil did not show any significant difference. The total leaf number of basil and pepper was significantly increased under the treatment of 95% R + 5% B light, while no significant difference was observed for other plant species in the same treatment. Overall, the fresh and dry mass of the studied plants was increased under 91% R + 9% B and 95% R + 5% B light treatment. The significantly higher flower and fruit numbers of pepper were observed under the 95% R + 5% B treatment. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content of lettuce, spinach, basil, and pepper was significantly increased under the 91% R + 9% B treatment while the chlorophyll content of kale was increased under the 95% R + 5% B light treatment. The total carotenoid content of lettuce and spinach was higher in the 91% R + 9% B treatment whereas the carotenoid content of kale, basil, and pepper was increased under the 83% R + 17% B treatment. The antioxidant capacity of the lettuce, spinach, and kale was increased under the 83% R + 17% B treatment while basil and pepper were increased under the 91% R + 9% B treatment. This result indicates that the addition of B light is essential with R light to enhance growth, pigment content, and antioxidant capacity of the vegetable plant in a controlled environment. Moreover, the percentage of B with R light is plant species dependent.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tawary ◽  
Julius Pontoh ◽  
Lydia Momuat

Analisis Kandungan Klorofil Pada Anak Daun Tanaman Kelapa (Analysis of Chlorophyll Content in Children Leaves of Coconut Plants) Muhammad Tawary1*), Julius Pontoh1), Lydia I.Momuat1)1)Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA UNSRAT Manado*Email korespondensi: [email protected] Diterima 7 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Tanaman kelapa banyak dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman pertanian. Tanaman kelapa memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi karena hampir semua bagian tanaman kelapa memiliki manfaat ekonomis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk  mengembangkan metode analisis klorofil pada daun dan menentukan bagian anak daun yang memiliki kandungan klorofil tertinggi. Analisis kandungan klorofil dilakukan dengan metode ektraksi pelarut yang absorbansinya dibaca pada spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Kandungan klorofil a dalam daun bervariasi pada setiap bagian anak daun tanaman kelapa. Kandungan klorofil a pada posisi tengah anak daun kelapa (763.19 µmol/m2) dan kandungan klorofil b (196.22 µmol/m2). Kandungan klorofil a dan b pada setiap bagian anak daun dan posisi kanan dan kiri anak daun memiliki nilai yang relatif sama.Kata kunci: Kelapa, klorofil a, klorofil b Abstract Many coconut plants are cultivated as agricultural crops. Coconut plants have high economic value because almost all parts of coconut plants have economic benefits. The study aims to develop a method of chlorophyll analysis on leaves and determine the part of leaflets which have the highest chlorophyll content. Analysis of chlorophyll content was carried out by a solvent extraction method in which the absorbance was read in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The content of chlorophyll a in leaves varies with each part of the leaves of the coconut plant. Chlorophyll a content in the middle position of coconut leaf child (763.19 µmol / m2) and chlorophyll b content (196.22 µmol / m2). The content of chlorophyll a and b in each part of the leaf child and the right and left positions of the leaves have relatively the same value.Keywords: Coconut, Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b


2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
S. Buhăianu ◽  
Doina Carmen Jităreanu

Abstract Chlorophylls from plants are photosynthetic pigments. Their quantity offers valuable informations about photosynthetic activity, growing and developing of plants. Photosynthetic pigments decrease quantitatively during senescence process or in stress conditions. The present study has been realized in laboratory conditions with material harvested from spontaneous flora. The purpose of this research was the investigation of variations of chlorophyll content from samples of biological material collected from Nepeta pannonica L. and Abies alba Mill. plants, from Câmpulung Moldovenesc and Cacica areas, Suceava county, Romania. The targeted phenophases were growth and flowering. There were realized acetonic extracts from samples for spectrophotometric determinations. Obtained data were processed to estabilish chlorophyll a and b content. There were observed that at Abies alba species, from both locations, the chlorophyll a content grew during flowering phenophase, while the chlorophyll b content had little variations. At Nepeta pannonica species, the chlorophyll a and b content decreased visibly during the flowering, due to stress. Leaves of plants from this species presented a intense green color in the growing phenophase, while during flowering phenophase they had a purple or yellow coloration. Obtained results revealed a different dynamics of chlorophyll content at studied species.


Author(s):  
BILLY THEODORUS WAGEY

Chlorophyll content of seagrass leaves varies among species and habitats byat least a factor of five, and shows plastic responses to seasonal variations in light availability as well as direct experimental manipulation. This study generally attempted to observe the relative amount of chlorophyll a, b content of Haloduleuninervis and Halodule pinifolia in Central Visayas, Philippines in relation tothese environmental factors which are: exposure, density, temperature, and lightintensity. Chlorophyll was determined using the equation of Jeffrey and Humprey(1975) whereas data gathered went through one way ANOVA followed byTukey’s Test. Significant variations were found in most photosynthetic parametersmeasured in this study. Overall, H. uninervis and H. pinifolia seems to obtainoptimal photosynthetic performances over a broad range of irradiances. Mainly,genus Halodule can be seen as a highlight species, which has also the ability to acclimate to low irradiances. in general, the result indicated that seagrasses tend to decrease the ratio of chlorophyll a:b by increasing the amount of chlorophyllb to compensate for the decline in light intensity in subtidal areas. Therefore, H.uninervis and H. pinifolia seem to have the ability of adjusting their chlorophyllcontent in performing optimal photosynthetic activity over a broad range of irradiance regimes.Keywords: Marine Ecology, chlorophyll content, seagrass, Halodule, experimental design,Philippines


Author(s):  
V. P. Karpenko ◽  
I. I. Mostoviak ◽  
A. A. Datsenko ◽  
R. M. Prytuliak ◽  
O. I. Zabolotnyi

The article presents the results of a field experiment to study the effects of different rates of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin under different methods of using the plant growth regulator Radostim (seed treatment before sowing and spraying crops) on the content of chlorophyll a and b in buckwheat leaves of Yelena variety, their sum and carotenoids. Determination of chlorophyll a and b, their sum and carotenoids was performed in selected samples of buckwheat leaves in the field conditions, in the phases of stem branching and the beginning of flowering according to the method described by V.F. Gavrylenko and T.V. Zhyhalova using a spectrophotometer. The pigment concentration was calculated from Holm-Wettstein's equations for 100 % acetone. It was found that the content of photosynthetic pigments in buckwheat leaves is conditioned by the weather, rates and methods of application of the studied microbial preparations and phases of plant development. In particular, the analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the early flowering phase of buckwheat plants showed a significant increase compared to the phase of stem branching, which may be due to increased physiological and biochemical processes in plants, against the background of improving mineral nutrition, growth and plant development. Thus, with the multiple use of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin in the rates of 150, 175 and 200 ml and the stimulator of plant growth Radostim in the rate of 250 ml / t for seed treatment before sowing, the content of chlorophylls a and b, their sum and carotenoids with increasing application of Diazobacterin increased and the excess relative to control ranged within: 29–31 % for chlorophyll a; 10–11 % for chlorophyll b; 24–26 % for their sum and 23–24 % for carotenoids. At the same time, with a complex application for pre-sowing seed treatment of a mixture of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin in the rate of 200 ml per hectare of seeds with the stimulator of plant growth Radostym in the rate of 250 ml / t followed by spraying on this background crops the stimulator of plant growth Radostim in the rate of 50 ml / ha buckwheat leaves form the highest content of chlorophyll a in comparison with the control (40 %); chlorophyll b (15 %); the sum of chlorophyll a + b (33 %) and carotenoids (29 %). These data indicate the creation of more favorable conditions for physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including photosynthesis, with the direct positive effect of which, functionally active pigment complex of the leaf apparatus of buckwheat is formed.


HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1371-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary A. Mitchell ◽  
Tina Leakakos ◽  
Tameria L. Ford

This study evaluated the potential of high photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) from high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, alone or in combination with metal halide (MH) plus quartz iodide (QI) incandescent lamps, to support lettuce growth, with or without N supplementation. Varying exposures to radiation from combined HPS, MH, and QI lamps influenced dry weight gain and photosynthetic pigment content of hydroponically grown `Black-Seeded Simpson' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. Cumulative leaf dry weight declined with increasing exposure, up to 20 hours per day, to 660 μmol·m-2·s-1 of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from HPS lamps concomitant with constant 20 hours per day of 400 m mol·m-2·s-1 from MH + QI lamps. Leaves progressively yellowed with increasing exposure to radiation from the three-lamp combination, corresponding to lower specific chlorophyll content but not to specific carotenoid content. Lettuce grown under 20-hour photoperiods of 400, 473, or 668 μmolm·m-2·s-1 from HPS radiation alone had the highest leaf dry weight at a PPF of 473 μmol·m-2·s-1. Chlorophyll, but not carotenoid specific content, decreased with each incremental increase in PPF from HPS lamps. Doubling the level of N in nutrient solution and supplying it as a combination of NH4+ and NO3- partially ameliorated adverse effects of high PPF on growth and pigment content relative to treatments using single-strength N as NO3–.


HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Sarracino ◽  
R. Merrit ◽  
C.K. Chin

Two foliage plant species, Leea coccinia L. and Leea rubra L., were evaluated for survival and for morphological and physiological changes in response to low light flux. Both species of Leea survived in light as low as that survived by Ficus benjamina L. Following 124 days under simulated interior lighting conditions of 5.7, 2.6, or 0.70 mol·m-2·day-1, L. coccinia, L. rubra, and F. benjamina plants grown in 92% shade had lower total fresh/dry weight, smaller leaf area, and thinner leaves than plants grown in full sun. After 124 days, plants of all three species in 92% shade were shorter, narrower, and had fewer growing points than plants in full sun. After 124 days, plants of L. coccinia grown in 92% shade contained more total chlorophyll, and more chlorophyll a and b, and they had a lower chlorophyll a: b ratio than plants from full sun. Anthocyanin content in L. rubra plants grown in 92% shade was lower than that of plants grown in full sun. Plants of F. benjamina grown in 92% shade contained more total chlorophyll and more chlorophyll a and b than plants grown in full sun.


2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Renata Wojciechowska ◽  
Tadeusz Kobyłko ◽  
Anna Hostyńska

The study concerned an evergreen herbal plant <i>Waldsteinia trifolia</i> Roch. This species can be found more and more often in garden plantings in Poland. The aim of the study was to estimate the content of photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins and dry matter as well as the permeability of cytoplasmatic membranes of <i>Waldsteinia</i> leaves. Plants grew in an ornamental plant collection at the premises of the Faculty of Horticulture of the Agricultural University in Kraków. The study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 in the following months: March, May, June, September, October and November. The permeability of cytoplasmatic membranes was estimated based on electrolyte leakage from leaf discs at 20°C in relation to total electrolytes in the tissue after unfreezing. The first days with temperature drops down to around 0°C in autumn resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, but significantly increased anthocyanin content. The ratio of chlorophyll a to b and the ratio of total chlorophylls to carotenoids did not change in particular months. In both years of study, similar changes in dry matter content of the <i>Waldsteinia</i> leaves were observed. Dry matter content significantly increased in June and November and decreased in May and October. In June and in autumn, after first slight frosts, an increase of electrolyte leakage from the leaf discs was observed. However, high dry matter content (40.3%) was accompanied by lower permeability of the cytoplasmatic membranes of the leaves after winter during March. These results have shown good adaptation of <i>Waldsteinia trifolia</i> plants to the climatic conditions in Poland.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tawary ◽  
Julius Pontoh ◽  
Lydia Momuat

Analsis Kandungan Klorofil pada Beberapa Jenis Tanaman Palma(Analysis of Chlorophyll Content in Several Types of Palm Plants) Muhammad Tawary1)*, Julius Pontoh1), Lydia Momuat1)1)Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi,  Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] Diterima  15 Februari 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 28 Februari  2019 Abstrak Tanaman palma banyak dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman pertanian. Ada beberapa jenis tanaman palma seperti kelapa, kelapa sawit, dan aren. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode analisis klorofil pada daun dan menentukan posisi anak daun yang memiliki kandungan klorofil tertinggi. Analisis kandungan klorofil dilakukan dengan metode ektraksi pelarut yang absorbansinya dibaca pada spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Kandungan klorofil a dalam daun bervariasi pada ketiga jenis tanaman palma, yaitu pada daun kelapa berkisar antara 586.56 sampai 835.75 µmol/m2, daun kelapa sawit 674.47 µmol/m2 sampai 982.98 µmol/m2, dan pada daun aren 1300.82 µmol/m2 sampai 1449.65 µmol/m2. Klorofil b pada daun kelapa berkisar antara 160.79 µmol/m2 sampai 237.86 µmol/m2, daun kelapa sawit 191.36 µmol/m2 sampai 315.63 µmol/m2, dan daun aren 423.29 sampai 543.19 µmol/m2. Kandungan klorofil a pada setiap posisi anak daun ketiga jenis tanaman palma memiliki nilai yang hampir sama sedangkan kandungan klorofil b pada setiap posisi anak daun pada ketiga jenis tanaman palma memiliki nilai yang sedikit berbeda. Kandungan klorofil a dan b pada setiap bagian anak daun aren memiliki nilai yang hampir sama begitupun dengan kelapa dan kelapa sawit. Kandungan klorofil a pada posisi kanan dan kiri daun aren memiliki nilai yang sedikit berbeda sedangkan pada kelapa dan kelapa sawit memiliki nilai yang hampir sama. Kandungan klorofil b pada ketiga jenis tanaman palma tidak memiliki perbedaan.Kata kunci: Palma, klorofil, absorbansi, spektrofometer Abstract Many palma plants are cultivated as agricultural crops. Several types of palm plants, for example coconut, oil palm, and sugar palm. This research was conducted to develop a method of chlorophyll analysis on leaves and determine the position of leaves children who have the highest chlorophyll content. Analysis of chlorophyll content was carried out by a solvent extraction method in which the absorbance was read in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. TheThe content of chlorophyll contained in coconut leaves varies, namely containing chlorophyll content contained in coconuts varies, which contains 586.56 µmol/m2 to 835.75 μmol / m2, in oil palm leaves 674.47 µmol/m2 to 982.98 μmol / m2, and in palm leaves 1300.82 to 1449.65 μmol / m2. Whereas for chlorophyll b found in coconut leaves varies around 160.79 µmol/m2 to 237.86 µmol / m2, on palm oil leaves 191.36 µmol/m2 to 315.63 µmol / m2, and on palm leaves 423.29 µmol/m2  to 543.19 µmol / m2. The content of chlorophyll a at each position of leaflets on leaves of various types of palma plants has almost the same value while the content of chlorophyll b at each position of leaflets on the leaves of various types of palma plants has slightly different values. The content of chlorophyll a and b in each part of palm leaves has almost the same value as well as coconut and oil palm. Chlorophyll a content in the right and left position of palm leaves has slightly different values while coconut and oil palm have almost the same value. Chlorophyll b content in all three types of palma plants has no difference.Keywords: Palma, chlorophyll, absorbance, spectrophotometer


Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kumar J.I. ◽  
R.N. Kumar ◽  
A. Bora ◽  
M. Kaur Amb ◽  
S. Chakraborthy

Marine algae are one of the most important marine living resources for food, feed and medicine since ancient times in the West. However, due to lack of awareness among the people especially in India, their multifunctional properties have not yet been exploited. This paper deals with the pigment composition and its significant variation found in eighteen different species of marine macroalgae belonging to Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta, collected from the coast of Okha, Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat, India. Chlorophyll and carotenoids extraction was done with 80% acetone as solvent while phycoerythrin pigment was extracted using 50mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The highest chlorophyll content was registered in Cladophora fascicularis while carotenoid content was found to be the highest in Sargassum polycustum. Similarly phycoerythrin content was recorded greater in Scinaia farcellata followed by Porphyra necnamessis and Acanthophora delilei Lamour respectively. In terms of chlorophyll content, the maximum chlorophyll a, b as well as total chlorophyll was registered in most of the species of Chlorophyta followed by Phaeophyta and ultimately Rhodophyta. However, carotenoids were registered to be the highest in most of the species of Phaeophyta group. The group wise distribution of carotenoid showed an order: Phaeophyta>Rhodophyta>Chlorophyta. Chl b/Chl a, Car/Chl a and Car/Chl b ratios were also calculated and high ratios were recorded in Liagora erecta, S.polycustum and Padina gymnospora, respectively. Besides, phycoerythrin content showed the following trend in the species of: Rhodophyta>Phaeophyta>Chlorophyta. Emphasis was made to know the variation of different pigments of all eighteen species of marine macroalgae in this paper.Key words: Marine macroalgae, Chlorophyll a, b, Carotenoid, Phycoerythrin.DOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2553Our Nature (2009) 7:48-55


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