scholarly journals Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection in Oral Fluid using Immunochromatographic Tests.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Tahmina Akther ◽  
Biswajit Paul ◽  
Saif Ullah Munshi ◽  
Shahina Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Dengue viral infections are diagnosed by detecting dengue NS1 antigen and dengue specific IgM/IgG antibody by traditional serological tests using patient's blood. Recently saliva is being used employed for diagnosis of different infectious diseases including dengue. In the present study, dengue NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM/IgG antibody were detected using rapid immunochromatographic (ICT) kits for diagnosis of dengue and compared with the results of serum ICT results performed on corresponding sera collected from the same individuals. A total of 215 suspected dengue patients were tested and dengue infection was found in 176 (81.9%) sera and 161 (74.9 %) oral fluid samples. Among the 30 dengue NS1 antigen positive sera, 28 were also positive for NS1 in oral fluid indicating high sensitivity (93.3%), specificity (100%), diagnostic accuracy (99.1%), PPV (100%) and NPV (98.9 %) of testing dengue NS1 antigen in oral fluid. Similarly oral fluid assay for anti-dengue IgM showed sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, PPV and NPV of 87.3%, 100.0%, 95.8%, 100.0% and 94.1% respectively. Test for anti-dengue IgM/IgG in oral fluid showed sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, PPV and NPV of 89.7%, 100.0%, 98.1%, 100.0% and 97.7% respectively. All these parameters for detection of anti-dengue IgG by ICT showed 100%in oral fluid. Thus, results from this study indicates that detection of dengue NS1 antigen or anti-dengue IgM/IgG in oral fluid is an alternative tool for dengue diagnosis. It may benefits dengue diagnosis especially in infants and children since it is easy to collect and require no additional sample processing. It also has the potential to use for epidemiological survey. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (1): 6-9

PP9 A systematic review and meta-analysis of pre-hospital diagnostic accuracy studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. e4.2-e4
Author(s):  
Caitlin Wilson ◽  
Clare Harley ◽  
Stephanie Steels
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Hospital Doctors ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundPre-hospital clinicians are involved in examining, treating and diagnosing patients. The accuracy of pre-hospital diagnoses is evaluated using diagnostic accuracy studies. We undertook a systematic review of published literature to provide an overview of how accurately pre-hospital clinicians diagnose patients compared to hospital doctors. A bivariate meta-analysis was incorporated to examine the range of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, AMED and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1946 to 7th May 2016 for studies where patients had been given a diagnosis by pre-hospital clinicians and hospital doctors. Key words focused on study type (‘diagnostic accuracy’), outcomes (sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio?, predictive value?) and setting (paramedic*, pre-hospital, ambulance, ‘emergency service?’, ‘emergency medical service?’, ‘emergency technician?’). The sole researcher screened titles and abstracts to ensure eligibility criteria were met, as well as assessing methodological quality using QUADAS-2.Results2941 references were screened by title and/or abstract. Eleven studies encompassing 3 84 985 patients were included after full-text review. The types of diagnoses in one of the studies encompassed all possible diagnoses and in the other studies focused on sepsis, stroke and myocardial infarction. Sensitivity estimates ranged from 32%–100% and specificity estimates from 14%–100%. Eight of the studies were deemed to have a low risk of bias and were incorporated into a meta-analysis, which showed a pooled sensitivity of 0.74 (0.62, 0.82) and a pooled specificity of 0.94 (0.87, 0.97).ConclusionsCurrent published research suggests that diagnoses made by pre-hospital clinicians have high sensitivity and even higher specificity. However, the paucity and varying quality of eligible studies indicates that further pre-hospital diagnostic accuracy studies are warranted especially in the field of non-life-threatening conditions and trauma.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Six Commercial Point-of-Care Tests for Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Infections: the Need for Combining NS1 Antigen and IgM/IgG Antibody Detection To Achieve Acceptable Levels of Accuracy

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2095-2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart D. Blacksell ◽  
Richard G. Jarman ◽  
Mark S. Bailey ◽  
Ampai Tanganuchitcharnchai ◽  
Kemajittra Jenjaroen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
Antibody Tests

ABSTRACTSix assays were evaluated in this study to determine their suitability for the diagnosis of acute dengue infection using samples from 259 Sri Lankan patients with acute fevers (99 confirmed dengue cases and 160 patients with other confirmed acute febrile illnesses): (i) the Merlin dengue fever IgG & IgM combo device (Merlin), (ii) the Standard Diagnostics Dengue Duo nonstructural 1 (NS1) antigen and IgG/IgM combo device (Standard Diagnostics, South Korea), (iii) the Biosynex Immunoquick dengue fever IgG and IgM (Biosynex, France) assay, (iv) the Bio-Rad NS1 antigen strip (Bio-Rad, France), (v) the Panbio Dengue Duo IgG/IgM Cassette (Inverness, Australia), and (vi) the Panbio dengue NS1 antigen strip (Inverness, Australia). The median number of days of fever prior to admission sample collection was 5 days (interquartile range, 3 to 7 days). Sensitivity and specificity of the NS1 antigen tests ranged from 49 to 59% and from 93 to 99%, respectively, and sensitivity and sensitivity of the IgM antibody test ranged from 71 to 80% and from 46 to 90%, respectively. Combining the NS1 antigen and IgM antibody results from the Standard Diagnostics Dengue Duo test gave the best compromise of sensitivity and specificity (93% and 89%, respectively) and provided the best sensitivity in patients presenting at different times after fever onset. The Merlin IgM/IgG antibody tests correctly classified 64% and 86% of the primary and secondary dengue infection cases, respectively, and the Standard Diagnostics IgM/IgG antibody tests correctly classified 71% and 83% of the primary and secondary dengue infection cases, respectively. This study provides strong evidence of the value of combining dengue antigen- and antibody-based test results in the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) format for the acute diagnosis of dengue.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detection of intra-axial gliomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohbia Munir ◽  
Sohail Ahmed Khan ◽  
Hina Hanif ◽  
Maria Khan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detection of intra-axial gliomas in suspected cases keeping histopathology as gold standard. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dow Institute of Radiology, DUHS from October 2017 - April 2018. Patients of either gender aged 30-70 years presenting with headache were included. Patients already diagnosed and referred for follow up were excluded. MRI was performed on 1.5T scanner by a trained MRI technician. T1, T2, FLAIR, diffusion weighted and T1 post contrast images were acquired and reviewed by two radiologists having more than five years post fellowship experience. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of MRI for intraaxial gliomas was calculated taking histopathology findings as gold standard. Results: Mean age of the patient`s was 51.71 ±10.85 years. Positive intraaxial gliomas on MRI were observed in 123 (79.90%) patients while on histopathology, positive intraaxial gliomas were observed in 131 (85.10%) patients. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detection of intra-axial gliomas taking histopathology findings as gold standard showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV), negative predicted value (NPV) and overall diagnostic accuracy as 89.31%, 73.91%, 95.12%, 54.84% and 87.01%. Conclusions: MRI has high sensitivity, moderate specificity and high diagnostic accuracy in detection of intraaxial gliomas. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2489 How to cite this:Munir S, Khan SA, Hanif H, Khan M. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detection of intra-axial gliomas. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):125-130. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2489 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Utility of rapid diagnostic kit tests for diagnosis of suspected dengue fever

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Sarita Otta ◽  
Bichitrananda Swain
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Dengue fever often presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness requiring a laboratory test for identification. Serological tests particularly on rapid kits for the detection of NS1Antigen, IgG and IgM antibodies are the most commonly performed test across the country.Methods: The serum samples of suspected dengue cases were tested by Rapid test kits for assessing all the three parameters as well as by ELISA for NS1 antigen test. The platelet count of the patients was obtained from automated coulter counter. The results thus obtained were analyzed in Excel format.Results: The serum samples from 304 suspected Dengue fever cases were received in the lab, of which 190 samples were positive either by rapid or ELISA and 176 when rapid card test was considered alone Highest seropositivity of dengue cases were observed in the age group of ≥60 years (79.2%) followed by 45-59 years (70.7%). On rapid test, 78 cases were NS1 antigen positive of which 60 cases were positive only for NS1 antigen. When NS1 rapid and ELISA tests when compared, 16 kit negative tests were positive on ELISA while 34 kit positive tests were ELISA negative.  Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV when only NS1 was considered on rapid test kits when compared with ELISA were 78.9%, 87.8%, 63.8% and 93.8%. 33.5% of serologically positive cases of Dengue had low platelet count on admission while only among negative cases 17.2% had a low platelet.Conclusions: Rapid kits often show variable results thus needing a validation of them from end user. As a positive dengue test result is an essential prerequisite for diagnosis thus it is essential that for serological tests ELISA technique should be used for reporting. Thus, it also mandates more efforts at decentralization of NVBDCP to include both government and non government institutions.

scholarly journals High diagnostic accuracy of automated rapid Strep A test reduces antibiotic prescriptions for children in the United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salama Bin Hendi ◽  
Zainab A. Malik ◽  
Amar Hassan Khamis ◽  
Fadil Y. A. Al-Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Throat Culture ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Variable Sensitivity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Diagnosis of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis in children is hindered by variable sensitivity of clinical criteria and rapid Strep A tests (SAT), resulting in reliance on throat cultures as the gold standard for diagnosis. Delays while awaiting culture reports result in unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions among children, contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Methods Diagnostic accuracy study of an automated SAT (A-SAT) in children up to 16 years of age presenting to an emergency room with signs and symptoms of pharyngitis between March and June 2019. Paired throat swabs for A-SAT and culture were collected. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for A-SAT were calculated. Results Two hundred and ninety-one children were included in this study. 168 (57.7%) were boys and the mean age was 4.2 years. A-SAT was positive in 94 (32.3%) and throat culture was positive in 90 (30.9%) children. A-SAT and throat culture results showed a high level of consistency in our cohort. Only 6 (2%) children had inconsistent results, demonstrating that the A-SAT has a high sensitivity (98.9%), specificity (97.5%), PPV (94.7%) and NPV (99.5%) for the diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis in children. Only 92 (32%) children were prescribed antibiotics while the vast majority (68%) were not. Conclusions A-SAT is a quick and reliable test with diagnostic accuracy comparable to throat culture. Its widespread clinical use can help limit antibiotic prescriptions to children presenting with pharyngitis, thus limiting the spread of AMR.

scholarly journals Magnitude, Seasonal-variation, Serological and Hematological Profile of Dengue in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital, Karwar, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sneha Kukanur ◽  
G. Naveen ◽  
N. Ashwin Chitrabanu ◽  
B.M. Prashant ◽  
R. Meghana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
One Year

Dengue viral infection is the most widely spread arbo-viral disease in Indian subcontinent. High index of clinical suspicion especially during its peak season can be rewarding in diagnosing as well as early case management of anticipated DHF and DSS cases. To estimate the magnitude, seasonal-variation, serological as well as hematological aspects of dengue cases. This was a prospective observational study held in Microbiology and Hematology laboratories of our hospital for duration of one year from July-2019 to June-2020. All the suspected dengue cases were subjected to NS1-antigen, IgM and IgG antibody detection. The samples were also tested for platelet count, total count, haematocrit as well as hemoglobin estimation. All 1,550 dengue suspected cases were subjected to serological testing, among which 157 (10.1%) were positive. The most affected populations were the adult male. As the study was conducted for one year, we could observe the seasonal trend which peaked during post-monsoon. Out of 157 cases, 81.5%, 0.6% and 17.8% were determined as primary, secondary and old dengue cases respectively. There was a significant association between NS1 antigen and fever of </= 5 days duration with ‘p’ value< 0.00001. Thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and increased haematocrit were witnessed in 15.9%, 28.6% and 35% respectively. Our study shows that we had a high magnitude of primary cases that are prone to secondary dengue infection which might have a catastrophic effect giving rise to DHF, DSS or SD.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN LATERAL FLOW, ELISAAND ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE IMMUNOASSAYS FOR THE DETECTION OF SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODIES AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Shincy M R ◽  
Vandana Govindan ◽  
Sudhakar H H ◽  
Padmapriya K ◽  
Venkatesha V T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Human Igg ◽  
Serological Tests

Background: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG is important to determine the course of COVID-19. Medical professionals and researchers have been urging the need for wide and rapid testing of citizens in order to plan measures that can contain the spread of the virus. Antibody tests play an important role throughout the patient care pathway and are vital for the management and surveillance of the virus. Although RTPCR is considered to be the gold standard, serological tests based on antibodies could be very helpful for on-time detection. We performed one to one assessment of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, enzyme immunoassay (EIAs), and point-of-care lateral ow assay (POCTs) to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibody. Materials and Methods: 611 healthcare workers were recruited between November and December 2020 at Central Research Laboratory, KIMS. ® Collected serum samples were analysed using three commercially available assays: the Elecsys , Anti-SARS CoV-2 Human IgG ELISA, the Standard Q IgG/IgM combo assay following the manufacturer's protocol to measure the IgG titer of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results:The kits displayed a sensitivity of 91.8%, 79.5% ,61.2% and a specicity of 80.2%, 64.1% ,61.7% in order. Conclusion: ® Our results indicate a high sensitivity and specicity for the Elecsys assay compared to Anti-SARS CoV-2 Human IgG ELISA, the Standard Q IgG/IgM combo assays.

scholarly journals Ascitic fluid analysis with special reference to serum ascites cholesterol gradient and serum ascites albumin gradient

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Sankar Sastry ◽  
Subash Ch. Mahapatra ◽  
Vidyasagar Dumpula
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Malignant Ascites ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Ascites being a common clinical problem with a vast spectrum of etiologies, less expensive and widely available biochemical parameters are required to differentiate ascites which can correlate with pathogenesis and pin point towards an etiology with high sensitivity and significant accuracy. Aims of the study were to determine the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficacy of serum ascites albumin Gradient (SAAG) and that of ascitic fluid total protein (AFTP), evaluating their diagnostic role in identifying the etiology of ascites, to determine the diagnostic efficacy of Ascitic fluid cholesterol and serum ascites cholesterol gradient (SACG) in diagnosis of malignant ascites.Methods: In this study, 100 patients of ascitis were evaluated for ascitic fluid total protein, albumin, cholesterol, SAAG and SACG along with ultrasound and other required investigations.Results: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Diagnostic accuracy of SAAG for Portal hypertension were 97%, 85%, 96% respectively, whereas those of AFTP for exudative/transudative ascitis were 78.5%, 66%, 68% respectively. Ascitic fluid cholesterol and Mean SACG were significantly elevated in malignant ascites when compared with Non-Malignant Ascitis with p=0.0001. Similarly with a cut off level of 70mg% and 54 mg%, Ascitic fluid cholesterol and Mean SACG are having diagnostic accuracy of 90% and 93% respectively.Conclusions: SAAG is much more superior to AFTP in differential diagnosis of Ascitis. Ascitic fluid cholesterol and Mean SACG are simple and cost effective methods to separate malignant ascitis from non-malignant causes even in small centres with limited diagnostic facilities.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of C-Reactive Protein in Neonatal Sepsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Younis ◽  
Muhammad Ali Sheikh ◽  
Amjad Ali Raza
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Capillary Refill ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal mortality and is responsible for 30-50% of total neonatal deaths each year in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Creactive protein (CRP) in neonatal sepsis. Fifty nine consecutive patients with risk factors and clinical features suggestive of CRP sepsis were selected as per operational definition and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed physical examination was carried out. Blood sample for culture and CRP was taken from all the patients. Results of blood culture and CRP were noted down in the performa. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software version 16. Among selected patients 31/59 (52.5%) were male whereas 28/59 (47.5%) were female. Mean age of all patients was 15.47+7.26 days and mean weight was 2.94+0.63Kg. Temperature instability was present in 79.7%, Tachypnea in 69.5%, Tachycardia in 66.1%, delayed capillary refill in 64.4% and oliguria in 55.9%. Blood cultures were positive in 64.4% and raised CRP was found in 64.5%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive of raised CRP was found to be 97.3%, 95.2%, 97.3% and 95.2% respectively. In conclusion this study show that C-reactive protein has high sensitivity and specificity for establishing the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis which is comparable to that of blood culture results.

scholarly journals Trend of Dengue Virus Infection with Seasonal Variation at HIMS, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Om Trivedi ◽  
Asim Kumar Singh ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Ns1 Antigen

Introduction: Dengue is the most common mosquito borne arboviral infection in India, and it has become endemic in India with consistent episodes. Dengue is an acute febrile illness caused by Dengue Virus (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4), an arthropod of family Flaviviridae, transmitted through the bite of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Although, dengue is more prevalent in humans but also it may sometimes be seen in monkeys. The only animals to be affected when bitten by a mosquito, infected with dengue fever are monkeys other animals do not carry or spread dengue. Patient presents with hyperthermia, headache, severe joint and muscle pain, fatigue and skin rashes. Neurological manifestation in sever dengue results from multiorgan dysfunction due to cerebral edema, haemorrhage due to vascular leak, cerebral hypoperfusion, and electrolyte disturbances. Aim: To study serological markers with association of platelet count and trend of DENV infection with seasonal variation. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted for a period of two years in Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 2017 to December 2018. Blood samples were collected for 2140 suspected dengue patients. Out of the serologically positive cases, serological confirmation and platelet count was done for dengue infection. Data was presented as percentages. Results: Total 2140 suspected cases were admitted and out of them 199 (9.3%) were found to be seropositive for dengue infection. Non structural protein 1 (NS1) positive cases out of which total seropositive cases were reported to be 127 (63.81%) and 147 (73.86%) cases were positive for NS1 antigen either alone or along with antibody. Out of the total 199 positive cases thrombocytopenia was observed in 126 (63.31%) cases. Positive cases which were under 15 years of age were reported to be 92 (46.23%). Conclusion: The study concludes that NS1 antigen and IgM- IgG antibody consideration in the diagnosis of dengue infection builds the opportunity of early diagnosis so as to keep away the complications significantly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document