scholarly journals Childhood pneumococcal meningitis: may it begin with diarrhea and proceed with cerebral infarct?

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
AE Yilmaz ◽  
F Çatal ◽  
T Ta? ◽  
M Bilici ◽  
E Örün ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cerebral Infarct ◽  
Neurologic Complications ◽  
Baby Girl ◽  
Meningeal Irritation ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Pneumococcal meningitis does continue to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity in childhood despite widespread vaccination. It develops thorough invasion of the meninges by the agent via bloodstream. It may manifest typical signs of meningeal irritation and even the symptoms not belonging to the central nervous system, such as diarrhea. The diagnosis is made by microscopic evaluation and culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained by lumbar puncture. Despite the treatment, the risk of occurrence of cerebral and neurologic complications is high. A two-month old baby girl was presented to our outpatients' clinic because of fever and diarrhea; she was diagnosed with pneumococcal meningitis and developed cerebral infarct during surveillance. The reason why we presented this patient is to highlight that meningitis due to pneumococ, one of the most common causing agents in childhood meningitis, may have clinical presentations other than expected. Key words: Pneumococcal meningitis; cerebral infarct; infant.  DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v10i1.7320 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.1 Jan 2010 pp.52-56

scholarly journals A hospital based study of Hereditary Hemolytic Anaemias in Davanagere district of Karnataka, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
BP Preethi ◽  
K Monika ◽  
DS Maitreyee ◽  
K Rashmi
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Enzyme Defects

Background: Hereditary hemolytic anaemias constitute important cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries next only to infection and malnutrition.These group of anaemias have various clinical presentations starting from their age of onset of symptoms, failure to thrive, anaemia, prostration, jaundice, splenomegaly, cholelithiasis, cardiomegaly, congestive cardiac failure, severe life threatening infections and chronic disabilities leading to distress in the families. Methodology: An analysis of 40 cases of hereditary hemolytic anaemia in the age group of 2 months to 12 years was done in the present study. On the basis of clinical presentations, physical findings, routine hematological investigations and hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern in hemoglobin defects were carried out to identify the type of hemolytic anaemias. Results: This clinocohematological study of hereditary hemolytic anaemia showed membrane defects- Hereditary spherocytosis in 4 cases (10%). The remaining 36 cases were having diseases affecting hemoglobin molecule which included Sickle cell anaemia-5 cases (12.5%), Sickle cell trait- 1 case (2.5%), Sickle cell/β thalassemia-1 case (2.5%), β thalassemia major- 23 cases (57.5%) and β thalassemia trait 6 cases(15%). Hereditary hemolytic anaemia with enzyme defects were not observed in this study. Majority of these cases presented with progressive pallor and hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral blood smear examination showed microcytic hypochromic anaemia (87.5%) in majority of the cases. All cases were associated with reticulocytosis. Hemoglobin electrophoresis confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion: Inspite of advanced diagnostic inestigations, the basic hematological investigation remains first panel or step towards the approach to diagnose hereditary hemolytic anaemia and hemoglobin electrophoresis will help in confirming the diagnosis. Keywords: hereditary hemolytic anaemia; clinoco-hematological study; hemoglobin electrophoresis DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i3.6471Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.3 July 2010, pp.154-160

scholarly journals Involvement of Microglia in the Pathophysiology of Intracranial Aneurysms and Vascular Malformations—A Short Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6141
Author(s):  
Teodora Larisa Timis ◽  
Ioan Alexandru Florian ◽  
Sergiu Susman ◽  
Ioan Stefan Florian
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Aneurysms and vascular malformations of the brain represent an important source of intracranial hemorrhage and subsequent mortality and morbidity. We are only beginning to discern the involvement of microglia, the resident immune cell of the central nervous system, in these pathologies and their outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that activated proinflammatory microglia are implicated in the expansion of brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in both the acute and chronic phases, being also a main actor in vasospasm, considerably the most severe complication of SAH. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory microglia may be involved in the resolution of cerebral injury and hemorrhage. These immune cells have also been observed in high numbers in brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) and cerebral cavernomas (CCM), although their roles in these lesions are currently incompletely ascertained. The following review aims to shed a light on the most significant findings related to microglia and their roles in intracranial aneurysms and vascular malformations, as well as possibly establish the course for future research.

Concomitant Burkholderiapseudomallei and Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a chronic kidney disease patient: A Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-458
Author(s):  
Norjihan Abdul Hamid ◽  
Mohd Zulfakar Mazlan ◽  
Zeti Norfidiyati Salmuna
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Patient ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnostic Microbiology ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Melioidosis can happen in humans and animals. It has a wide range of clinical presentations that include asymptomatic infection, ulcers or abscesses of the skin, pneumonia, and multiple internal organ abscesses that may lead to fulminant septic shock. The organism presence in soil and surface of the water. We present a case of a non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patient presented with multiple carbuncles and respiratory melioidosis in which we are able to isolate B. pseudomallei after prolonging the plate incubation for 48-hours. We also suggested available tests in most diagnostic microbiology laboratory for identification of the organism. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.456-458

scholarly journals Bronchoscopy for Removal of Foreign Body in Lower Airway: A Retrospective Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-782
Author(s):  
Shankar Ramasundram ◽  
Sharmini Kuppusamy ◽  
Sivakumar Kumarsamy ◽  
Valuyeetham Kamara Ambu ◽  
Irfan Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Purpose ◽  
Audit Data ◽  
Duration Of Ventilation

Bronchoscopy is performed for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. Therapeutic bronchoscopy is mainly done for removal of foreign body from lower airway. Both the condition and procedure itself are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The aim of the study was to audit data regarding demography, types and location of foreign body, onset of symptom, admission duration, clinical and investigation findings along with duration of ventilation. We also highlight on the complications pertaining to the condition in our series. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.779-782  

scholarly journals H2S-based therapies for ischaemic stroke: opportunities and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Jia ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jian Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Stroke Outcomes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease displaying high mortality and morbidity. Despite extensive efforts, only very few therapies are available for stroke patients as yet. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is thought to be a signalling molecule that is endogenously produced and plays functional roles in the central nervous system. Currently, numerous studies show that H2S impacts stroke outcomes in animal and cellular models. Here, we review the recent research regarding the effects of endogenously produced H2S as well as exogenous H2S donors on stroke pathology, focusing on the potential of H2S-based therapies in treating ischaemic stroke. We also discuss the several issues that hinder the clinical translation of H2S-based therapies from the bench. Taken together, we think that H2S-based therapies are promising strategies for treating cerebral ischaemia if we successfully address these issues.

Recurrent Hypothalamic Dysfunction in Seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica

2020 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001012
Author(s):  
Mary Clare McKenna ◽  
Nuala McNicholas ◽  
Conor Fearon ◽  
David Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Hypothalamic Dysfunction ◽  
Inappropriate Secretion ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background:Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system1. Pathogenic aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies are present in 65-88% of cases1. The majority of cases follow a relapsing course preferentially involving the optic nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalon or cerebral regions1, 2. Within the acute diencephalic clinical presentations, symptomatic hypothalamic lesions may have a diverse range of clinical manifestations including homeostatic dysfunction of neuroendocrine systems2-4. We report a case of recurrent hypothalamic dysfunction secondary to NMO manifesting as syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), thermal dysregulation, dysautonomia and disorder of alertness.

scholarly journals Ventricular arteriovenous malformation bleeding: a rare cause of headache in children. Case report

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (2b) ◽  
pp. 528-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilton Mariano da Silva ◽  
Luciano Ricardo França da Silva ◽  
Eric Homero Albuquerque Paschoal ◽  
Feres Eduardo Aparecido Chaddad Neto ◽  
Carlos Alberto Bordini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Nuchal Rigidity ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anterior Choroidal ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Choroidal Artery

Headache as a chief complaint is rare in the paediatric emergency room. Actually, very seldom cases secondary to life threatening conditions as non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage have been reported. A child with severe headache and nuchal rigidity and no other abnormalities on the physical examination is reported. Magnetic resonance angiography and cerebral angiography disclosed a ventricular arteriovenous malformation in the choroid plexus, supplied by the anterior choroidal artery, classified according to Spetzler grading system as grade 3 (deep venous drainage: 1; eloquence area: 0 and size: 2). The differences in the clinical presentations of the central nervous system arteriovenous malformation between children and adults are discussed.

scholarly journals Retinopathy in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetics with a special stress on the importance of glycemic control

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Rashi Khare ◽  
Narender S Senger
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Special Stress

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem with long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications responsible for the majority of its mortality and morbidity. The development and progression of diabetic complications are strongly related to the degree of glycemic control. The purpose of this study was to study, the incidence of retinopathy in newly diagnosed diabetics and its association with various risk factors with a special stress on role of HbA1c levels. Methods: We analysed 300 newly diagnosed type2 diabetics (diagnosed within 6 months). Patients were subject to detailed history, examination (including retinal examination), and investigations including serum creatinine, urinary micro-albumin, 24 hours urinary protein, HbA1c and ultrasonography. Results: Incidence of retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics was 30% (91/300). With increase in HbA1c, the incidence of retinopathy increased. All results were statistically proven. Conclusion: Incidence of retinopathy in newly diagnosed type2 diabetics is as high as 30%. Glycemic control is the an important factor contributing to development of this microvascular complications in diabetic patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.16535 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.39-42

Meditation can produce beneficial effects to prevent cardiovascular disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Kiyomi Koike ◽  
Roberto Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviour ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Resistance Reduction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

AbstractCoronary heart disease is the major cause of global cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Lifestyle behaviour contributes as a risk factor: unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and psychosocial stress. Atherosclerosis pathologic mechanisms involving oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, inflammation and senescence are associated with arterial wall damage and plaque formation. Stress reduction was observed in several types of meditation. After meditation, hormonal orchestration modulates effects in the central nervous system and in the body. All types of meditation are associated with blood pressure control, enhancement in insulin resistance, reduction of lipid peroxidation and cellular senescence, independent of type of meditation. This review presents scientific evidence to explain how meditation can produce beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, and particularly regarding vascular aspects.

scholarly journals Pitfalls in the Diagnosis and Management of Invasive Pneumococcal Meningoencephalitis – What We Can Learn From a Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117954761772550
Author(s):  
Pascale S Grzonka ◽  
Raoul Sutter
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Invasive pneumococcal meningitis is a life-threatening infectious disease affecting the central nervous system. It continues to be the most common type of community-acquired acute bacterial meningitides. Despite advances in neuro-critical care, the case fatality rate remains high. Rapid diagnosis and initiation of antibiotic therapy precludes mortality and long-term neurological sequelae in survivors. However, not all cases are easily recognised, and unanticipated complications may impede optimal course and outcome. Here, we describe a case of invasive pneumococcal meningoencephalitis in a 65-year-old man with an unusual initial presentation and pitfalls in the course of the disease. We highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment as well as recognition and management of complications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document