scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Saudi Arabian Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Shamweel Ahmed ◽  
Mohmammed Nawaf Al-Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
State Level ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria. identified in the clinical specimens of hospital admitted patients. A major problem in P. aeruginosa infection may be that this pathogen exhibits a high degree of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. The study aimed to isolate and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the P. aeruginosa. This prospective study was done over a period of six months. Forty one clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were isolated from sputum specimens of the patients suspected of having respiratory tract infection. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of all the isolates were determined using disk diffusion method as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective antimicrobial agent with 85.4% susceptibility followed by imipenem (75.6%), aminoglycosides (amikacin, 95.1% and gentamicin, 90.3%), and the beta-lactams (cefepime 65.8%, ceftazidime, 51.2%). Piperacillin showed the maximum resistance (46.3%) followed by Aztreonam (36.6%). Regular antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance is essential for area-wise monitoring of the resistance patterns. An effective national and state level antibiotic policy and draft guidelines should be introduced to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics and for better patient management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17428 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 45-48. Table I & Figure I added on 02 February 2014.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (P. AERUGINOSA) AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alyahawi ◽  
Abdul Monem Alhomidi ◽  
Nawal Al-Henhena
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is clinically significant and opportunistic pathogenthat causes infections in hospitalized patients. Antibiotic resistance is a major concern in clinical practice. The ongoing emergence of resistant strains that cause nosocomial infections contributes substantially to the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. Objective of present study was to estimate the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients. The study was performed at microbiology department of a local hospital in Sana’a, Yemen. All the patients' samples of hospital departments from January, 2017 to December, 2017 were included. A Total of 2079 samples were collected during the study period. Among them, 193 strains of Pseudomonas spp. were isolated. One hundred ninety three isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from different clinical specimens and fully characterized by standard bacteriological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of each isolates was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Majority of P. aeruginosa were isolated from Sputum, followed by urine specimens. The isolate pathogen showed the highest sensitive to Meropenem (85.5%), followed by Amikacin (80.5%), Imipenem (80.0%), and Piperacillin/tazobactam (77.2). The highest frequency of resistance (96.2%) was observed with amoxicillin /clavulinic Acid followed by cefuroxime 94.6%, ampicillin/ sulbactam 94.5%, Co-Trimoxzole 80.5%, and norfloxacin 54%. The result confirmed the occurrence of drug resistance strains of P. aeruginosa. Meropenem, imipenem, and amikacin, were found to be the most effective antimicrobial drugs. It therefore calls for a very judicious, appropriate treatment regimens selection by the physicians to limit the further spread of antimicrobial resistance P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Detection of the Antiseptic Resistance Gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
اخلاص نعمة
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a number of infections in immunocompromised patients. This organism appears to improve resistance  to many antimicrobial agents and a high percentage of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype . The purpose of this study is to screen the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the prevalence of qacE delta1 gene among bacterial isolates. Accordingly, 145 samples were collected from different clinical sources from patients who admitted to different hospitals in Baghdad city in a period ranged 23/8/2018-1/1/2019. The isolates were diagnosed as P. aeruginosa based on routine bacteriological methods and confirmed by a molecular method using 16SrRNA gene. The antibiotic  susceptibility test was performed to all identified isolates by Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method using ten  types of antibiotics. The results of antibiotics susceptibility test revealed high levels of resistance toward Piperacillin (72.22%), Trimethoprim (68%), Ceftazidime (68%), Colistin (40.28%), and Levofloxacin (33.33%). And , the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cetrimide was tested using different concentrations (2.048 to 0.004µg/100µl) and the results showed that MIC values ranged between 2.048 and 0.016) μg/100μL, and  the concentration of  0.256 μg/100μl was more frequent . Finally, the prevalence of qacE delta1 gene among bacterial isolates was detected in percentage  63.88% among bacterial isolates .

scholarly journals Genetic Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Infantis Strains Isolated in Italy in the Food Chain of Broiler Meat Production

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Patrizia Casagrande Proietti ◽  
Valentina Stefanetti ◽  
Laura Musa ◽  
Alessia Zicavo ◽  
Anna Maria Dionisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Genetic Profiles

This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 87 Salmonella Infantis strains isolated in Italy from 2016 to 2019 along the food chain of broiler meat production and in humans and to determine the genetic profiles of the strains in order to establish a possible correlation with the antimicrobial pattern. All isolates were tested by the disk diffusion method to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility toward sixteen antimicrobials, and the broth microdilution method was used to confirm extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were applied to characterize ESBL-encoding and AmpC β-lactamase genes and to analyze the S. Infantis strains genetic profiles respectively. S. Infantis isolates showed high prevalence of resistance, in particular toward nalidixic acid (97.7%), tetracycline (96.5%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (91%) and cefepime (72.4%). The 80.5% of isolates were ESBL, cefotaxime-resistant, carrying the blaCTX-M1 gene. The most prevalent PFGE profile was XbaI.0126 (35.6%). The remaining strains had a genetic homology from 81% to 97% with the XbaI.0126 profile. The strains belonging to these profiles were isolated from different matrices collected along the broiler food chain independently on the year and from the region and there was no correlation between the PFGE profiles and resistance patterns. We found two ESBL-producing S. Infantis strains with the same XbaI.2621 profile isolated from humans and from poultry feces, not yet reported in Italy. Our findings confirmed the diffusion of ESBL-multi drug resistant (MDR) S. Infantis along the broiler food chain and in humans and underlined the importance of continuous monitoring to control and to reduce the prevalence of this bacterium, applying a global One Health approach.

scholarly journals Characterization of culturable airborne bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of indoor and immediate-outdoor environments of a research institute

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Isawumi Abiola ◽  
Adiza Abass ◽  
Samuel Duodu ◽  
Lydia Mosi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Research Institute

Background:The study was conducted to determine the bacterial composition and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of a research institute at the University of Ghana where workers and students spend about 70-85% of their lives in indoor and immediate-outdoor environments. This is imperative as one-third of the recognized infectious diseases are transmitted through airborne-route. Furthermore, the increasing rate of bacterial antimicrobial resistance associated with such environments poses serious public health challenges.Methods:A total of 42 airborne samples were collected from eight major sites at the Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCMB), using passive bacterial sampling techniques. Standard phenotypic microbiological procedures were used to characterize the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using standard disk diffusion method and guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results:Four groups of bacterial isolates were identified from the total samples collected with Gram positive bacilli as the most common. All the isolates showed resistance to beta lactam and sulfonamide classes of antibiotics with full resistance (100%) to ampicillin and penicillin. In total, seven different anti-biotypes were observed with the highest susceptibility displayed towards tetracycline and gentamycin. Significantly, the various air sampling sites of the institute indicated the presence of bacteria with the majority showing multiple antibiotics resistance.Conclusions:Although the recovery of bacteria from supposed sterile environments calls for attention, the observed low contamination rate as compared to the WHO standard suggests a minimum risk of exposure of students and workers to airborne microbial contamination.

scholarly journals Characterization of culturable airborne bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of indoor and immediate-outdoor environments of a research institute in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isawumi Abiola ◽  
Adiza Abass ◽  
Samuel Duodu ◽  
Lydia Mosi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Research Institute

Background:The study was conducted to determine the bacterial composition and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of a research institute at the University of Ghana where workers and students spend about 70-85% of their lives in indoor and immediate-outdoor environments. This is imperative as one-third of the recognized infectious diseases are transmitted through airborne-route. Furthermore, the increasing rate of bacterial antimicrobial resistance associated with such environments poses serious public health challenges.Methods:A total of 42 airborne samples were collected from eight major sites at the Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCMB), using passive bacterial sampling techniques. Standard phenotypic microbiological procedures were used to characterize the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using standard disk diffusion method and guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results:Four groups of bacterial isolates were identified from the total samples collected with Gram positive bacilli as the most common. All the isolates showed resistance to beta lactam and sulfonamide classes of antibiotics with full resistance (100%) to ampicillin and penicillin. In total, seven different anti-biotypes were observed with the highest susceptibility displayed towards tetracycline and gentamycin. Significantly, the various air sampling sites of the institute indicated the presence of bacteria with the majority showing multiple antibiotics resistance.Conclusions:Although the recovery of bacteria from supposed sterile environments calls for attention, the observed low contamination rate as compared to the WHO standard suggests a minimum risk of exposure of students and workers to airborne microbial contamination.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a private Medical College Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Siddiqua ◽  
Ahmed Nawsher Alam ◽  
Sonia Akter ◽  
Reena Saad Ferdousi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic, motile, gram negative rod that belongs to the family, Pseudomonadaceae. They are often multidrug resistant due to intrinsic and acquired determinants. Continued emergence of resistance among P. aeruginosa to common antimicrobial drugs has been reported world-wide.Objectives: This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance as well as susceptibility patterns of isolates of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens.Materials & Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from 4489 different clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of each isolate was carried out by the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method as per guidelines of Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI).Results: Majority of isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from specimens of wound swab 89 (64.5%), pus 18 (13.05%), and urine 17 (13.1%). The isolated pathogens showed high resistance (91% to 96%) to cotrimoxazole and cefuroxime. Resistance rates to cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and gentamicin varied from 47% to 88%. All the isolates were comparatively better susceptible to meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem ranges from 76% to 87%.Conclusion: The results confirmed the occurrence of drug resistance of P. aeruginosa to anti-pseudomonal drugs. Imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem were found to be the most effective antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, judicious and rational treatment prescription is needed by the physicians to limit the further spread of antimicrobial resistance among the P. aeruginosa.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 16-19

scholarly journals Upstream Region of OprD Mutations in Imipenem-Resistant and Imipenem-Sensitive Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Kiani ◽  
Akram Astani ◽  
Hamed Afkhami ◽  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Javad Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Abstract Background: The current study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of the mutations of the oprD gene among imipenem-resistant and -sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from educational hospitals in Yazd, Iran.Methods: In this study, 90 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from different clinical samples and transferred to the Department of Microbiology, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Science, during 2015 to 2016. All isolates were identified by the conventional biochemical tests and antibiotic resistance was determined using disk diffusion method. E. test was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of imipenem. The mutations of upstream of the oprD coding region and its promoters and 54 primary nucleotide of this gene were recognized by the amplification of this region and subsequently sequenced.Results: Seventy (77.7%) of isolates had MIC≥16 and were resistant to imipenem. The results showed that the rate of resistance to imipenem is increasing. Mutations of the upstream of the oprD gene and its promoters were seen in 25 (86.2%) of isolates and 4 strains had no mutation. All of the imipenem-resistant isolates had mutations. One isolate had a base substitution A→ C at nt 25 in coding region and this isolate had a point mutation leading to an amino acid change at positions 9 (I→L). Conclusion: The results showed that imipenem resistance is increasing in P. aeruginosa, also indicated that the point mutations were the most common cause of the inactivation of upstream of the oprD coding region among P. aeruginosa isolates, it seems this mechanism is effective in resistance of isolates to imipenem.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance patterns of efflux pumps MexAB-Opr M in pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad rasouli ◽  
Behnam hashemi ◽  
Hamed Afkhami ◽  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Reza valadan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Burn Victims ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Objectives Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of Hospital infection especially in burn victims. The current study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance of the efflux Pumps MexAB-Opr M. In the present study, 115 samples of urine, blood, sputum, and ICU were collected from the reconstructive section of the patients. The drug susceptibility patterns were determined by disk diffusion method. Phenotypic activity of the efflux pump from the E-test was evaluated, in the presence and without the presence of efflux pump inhibitor. The MexAB gene was analyzed by PCR reaction. Results The resistant isolated was shown to be Ciprofloxacin 33.91%, Nurfloxacin 38.26%, Gentamicin 71.7%, Nalidixic acid 95.95%, Ceftazidim 38.46%, Emipenem 24.34%, Meropenem 26.36%, and Cefotaxim 40.86%. The highest and lowest resistance rates were Co-trimoxazole and Piperacilin, respectively. The findings of PCR reaction among 115 P. aeruginosa isolates indicated that 62.62% was MexAB gene. The results of MIC with E-test revealed that the role of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance was 19 isolated. Due to the importance of antibiotic resistance to investigate other efflux pumps, comparison of efflux pump involvement in antibiotic resistance, and relationship between efflux pumps MexAB-Opr M are highly required and suggested.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles to Predict the Presence of Carbapenemase Genes among Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snigdha Vallabhaneni ◽  
Jennifer Y. Huang ◽  
Julian E. Grass ◽  
Amelia Bhatnagar ◽  
Sarah Sabour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Testing Criteria

Background: Detection of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) with carbapenamase-producing (CP) genes is critical for preventing transmission. Our objective was to assess whether certain antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) profiles can efficiently identify CP-CRPA. Methods: We defined CRPA as P. aeruginosa with imipenem or meropenem MICs of ≥8μg/ml; CP-CRPA were CRPA with CP genes (blaKPC/blaIMP/blaNDM/blaVIM). We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of AST profiles to detect CP-CRPA among CRPA collected by CDC’s Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network (AR Lab Network) and the Emerging Infections Program (EIP) during 2017–2019. Results: Three percent (195/6192) of AR Lab Network CRPA were CP-CRPA. Among CRPA, adding not susceptible (NS) to cefepime or ceftazidime to the definition had 91% sensitivity and 50% specificity for identifying CP-CRPA; NS to ceftolozane-tazobactam had 100% sensitivity and 86% specificity. Of 965 EIP CRPA evaluated for CP genes, seven CP-CRPA were identified; 6 of 7 were NS to cefepime and ceftazidime, and all 7 were NS to ceftolozane-tazobactam. Among 4182 EIP isolates, clinical laboratory AST results were available for 96% for cefepime, 80% for ceftazidime, and 4% for ceftolozane-tazobactam. The number of CRPA needed to test (NNT) to identify one CP-CRPA decreased from 138 to 64 if the definition of NS to cefepime or ceftazidime was used and to 7 with NS to ceftolozane-tazobactam. Conclusion: Adding not susceptible to cefepime or ceftazidime to CRPA carbapenemase testing criteria would reduce the NNT by half and can be implemented in most clinical laboratories; adding not susceptible to ceftolozane-tazobactam could be even more predictive once AST for this drug is more widely available.

scholarly journals MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE PATTERNS AND DETECTION OF PstS GENE IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA FROM NSUKKA, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
MARTINA C AGBO ◽  
IFEOMA M EZEONU ◽  
ANTHONY C IKE ◽  
CELESTINA C UGWU
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Objective: This study was aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and to detect the presence of PstS gene. Methods: One hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16S rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected antibiotics against resistant isolates were determined by macro broth dilution and E-test strip methods. The resistant isolates were screened for the presence of PstS gene using PCR. Results: Of 192 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, 136 (70.83%) were resistant to at least two antibiotics. Of these, 135 (99%) could be classified as multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA), 63 (46%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR-PA), while 38 (28%) were pandrug-resistant (PDR-PA). The isolates exhibited high level of resistance to cefotaxime and ticarcillin, and low levels of resistance to meropenem and imipenem. The MIC values for meropenem against the resistant isolates were generally <32 mg/L, while the values for other antibiotics ranged from 32 to >128 mg/L. Multiple antibiotic resistance indexes of the MDR-PA ranged from 0.27 to 0.91 and the most prevalent pattern of resistance was PiperacillinR – TicarcillinR – Piperacillin/TazobactamR – CefotaximeR – CeftazidimeR – GentamicnR – TobramycinR– CiprofloxacinR. About 50% of the resistant isolates possessed the PstS gene. Conclusions: The results confirmed the presence of XDR, PDRPA, and PstS gene in P. aeruginosa strains. There is an urgent need for healthcare practitioners to address the problem of multidrug resistance, by implementing a more rational and appropriate use of antibiotics.

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