Species Relationship and Population Differentiation In Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae) Of Iran Using Scot Molecular Marker and Morphological Data

Recognition of species is essential in a variety of domains, most remarkably biology, biogeography, ecology, as well as conservation. The genus Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae) has over 120 species spread across Europe and Asia's temperate zones. According to the most remarkable current treatments, nine species recognize Stellaria in Iran. These species are categorized into two types. Despite the broad distribution of several Stellaria species in Iran, no research on their genetic variability, method of divergence, or dispersion trends is accessible. As a result, we conducted genetic and morphological research on six Stellaria species and two of their closest relatives gathered from various habitats in Iran. This research aims to 1) Can SCoT markers be utilized to recognize Stellaria species? 2) What are the genetic characteristics of the mentioned taxa in Iran? and 3) To examine the interrelation of the species. In this research, ten SCoT markers were employed for molecular analysis, and 112 accessions were utilized for morphological study. The genetic distances were calculated using the Jaccard similarity coefficient, and descriptive data on the populations were used to estimate genetic parameters. There were 98 polymorphic bands all over. The integration of morphological and SCoT data demonstrated that the Stellaria species of Iran could be delimited and recognized. The Stellaria species are genetically unique; however, they share some similar alleles, according to AMOVA and STRUCTURE analyses. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(2): 317-328, 2021 (December)

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GENETIC DISTANCES BASED ON QUANTITATIVE TRAITS

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/111.4.945 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 945-962

Author(s):

A Camussi ◽

E Ottaviano ◽

T Calinski ◽

Z Kaczmarek

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Biology ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Distance Matrix ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Point Of View ◽

Linear Functions ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Statistical Estimates ◽

Distance Analysis

ABSTRACT Morphological data showing continuous distributions, polygenically controlled, may be particularly useful in intergroup classification below the species level; an appropriate distance analysis based on these traits is an important tool in evolutionary biology and in plant and animal breeding.—The interpretation of morphological distances in genetic terms is not easy because simple phenotypic data may lead to biased estimates of genetic distances. Convenient estimates can be obtained whenever it is possible to breed populations according to a suitable crossing design and to derive information from genetic parameters.—A general method for determining genetic distances is proposed. The procedure of multivariate analysis of variance is extended to estimate appropriate genetic parameters (genetic effects). Not only are optimal statistical estimates of parameters obtained but also the procedure allows the measurement of genetic distances between populations as linear functions of the estimated parameters, providing an appropriate distance matrix that can be defined in terms of these parameters. The use of the T 2 statistic, defined in terms of the vector of contrasts specifying the distance, permits the testing of the significance of any distance between any pair of populations that may be of interest from a genetic point of view.—A numerical example from maize diallel data is reported in order to illustrate the procedure. In particular, heterosis effects are used as the basis for estimates of genetic divergence between populations.

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Strong genetic differentiation of the Paracaryum species (Boraginaceae) detected by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR)

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr2102883z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 883-894

Author(s):

Xinxin Zhang ◽

Abdul Shakoor

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameters ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Similarity Coefficient ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Jaccard Similarity ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽

The Family ◽

Polymorphic Bands ◽

Simple Sequence

Species identification is fundamentally important within the fields of biology, biogeography, ecology and conservation. The genus Paracaryum belongs to tribe Cynoglosseae of the family Boraginaceae is a herbaceous genus including approximately 67 species, mostly distributed in the Irano-Turanian phytogeographical region. In spite vast distribution of many Paracaryum species that grow in different habitats, there are not any available report on their genetic diversity, mode of divergence and patterns of dispersal. Therefore, we performed molecular (ISSR markers) of 98 accessions from 12 species of Paracaryum that were collected from different habitats. A set of 10 ISSR markers was used. The genetic distances were estimated based on Jaccard similarity coefficient and the descriptive statistics of populations for estimation of genetic parameters were also performed. A total of 90 polymorphic bands were obtained. The present study revealed that ISSR data can delimit the species. AMOVA and STRUCTURE analysis revealed that the species of Paracaryum belongs are genetically differentiated but have some degree of shared common alleles.

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Genetic structure and gene flow of Eugenia dysenterica natural populations

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2005001000005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 975-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Maria Imaculada Zucchi ◽

José Baldin Pinheiro ◽

Lázaro José Chaves ◽

Alexandre Siqueira Guedes Coelho ◽

Mansuêmia Alves Couto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Jaccard Similarity ◽

Eugenia Dysenterica

This study was carried out to assess the genetic variability of ten "cagaita" tree (Eugenia dysenterica) populations in Southeastern Goiás. Fifty-four randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) loci were used to characterize the population genetic variability, using the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). A phiST value of 0.2703 was obtained, showing that 27.03% and 72.97% of the genetic variability is present among and within populations, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) among the genetic distances matrix (1 - Jaccard similarity index) and the geographic distances were estimated, and a strong positive correlation was detected. Results suggest that these populations are differentiating through a stochastic process, with restricted and geographic distribution dependent gene flow.

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Population genetic characteristics of horse chestnut in Serbia

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1301001o ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirjana Ocokoljic ◽

Dragica Vilotic ◽

Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic

Keyword(s):

Population Genetic ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Horse Chestnut ◽

Statistical Parameters ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Different Populations ◽

Growth Phenotype ◽

Population Genetic Parameters ◽

Cultivated Populations

The general population genetic characteristics of cultivated horse chestnut trees excelling in growth, phenotype characteristics, type of inflorescence, productivity and resistance to the leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimic were analyzed in Serbia. The analyzed population genetic parameters point to fundamental differences in the genetic structure among the cultivated populations in Serbia. The study shows the variability in all properties among the populations and inter-individual variability within the populations. The variability and differential characteristics were assessed using statistical parameters, taking into account the satisfactory reflection of the hereditary potential. The assessed differences in the vitality and evolution potential of different populations can determine the methods of horse chestnut gene pool collection, reconstruction and improvement.

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42 Genetic differentiation of Russian goats and wild relatives based on microsatellite loci

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 19-20

Author(s):

Marina I Selionova ◽

Magomet M Aibazov ◽

Tatyana V Mamontova ◽

Sergey N Petrov ◽

Veronica R Kharzinova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Distances ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Hybrid Zones ◽

Sample Collection ◽

North Caucasus ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

The Third ◽

The North ◽

Central Caucasus ◽

Capra Aegagrus

Abstract Goat breeding is a traditional livestock industry for many regions of Russia. Due to unpretentiousness and high adaptive qualities, the Karachai, Dagestan wool and Dagestan down breeds are widespread in the North Caucasus. Moreover, their uniqueness is determined by sharing a common habitat with their wild relatives, West Caucasian and Dagestani turs, thus forming hybrid zones. The aim of the research was to study allele pool and interbreed differentiation of domestic goat breeds and wild relatives by microsatellites. Research was performed based on 16 loci on the ABI 3130xl analyzer. Population genetic characteristics were calculated in GenAlEx 6.5, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed in Populations 1.2.30 and SplitsTree 4.14.5. The sample collection included goat breeds (n = 226): Karachai (KRCH), Dagestan down (DAGD), Dagestan wool (DAGW) (North Caucasus), Soviet wool (SOVW) (Siberia), Orenburg (OREN) (South Ural), and wild goats (n = 72). Wild goats comprised mountain goats: Siberian goats (Capra sibirica) from the Altai, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and the Himalayas; bezoar goats (Capra aegagrus) from Turkey and Pakistan; and tur (Capra caucasica) from the West Caucasus (Kuban), Central Caucasus, and East Caucasus (Dagestan). The Karachai breed was characterized by the highest level of genetic diversity: the average number of alleles per locus (NA) and allelic richness (AR) were 9,154 and 7,713, respectively, while these indices varied from 6,538 to 7,538 and from 6,425 to 7,538 (Table 1) in other breeds, respectively. The values of genetic distances showed differentiation of Karachai, Dagestan down and Dagestan wool breeds from Orenburg and Soviet wool breeds (Table 2). The formation of three clusters was established. The first one included subspecies of the Caucasian tur, the second one comprised Siberian goats, and the third contained domestic goats. Bezoar goats were in the root of the third cluster that confirmed their participation as an ancestral form of domestic goats.

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Geographic dimorphism in the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus caninus): the case for a new species

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo01047 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 369 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. B. Lindenmayer ◽

J. Dubach ◽

K. L. Viggers

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Brushtail Possum ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Simple Index ◽

South Wales ◽

Eastern Australia

The morphological and genetic characteristics of the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus caninus) are described for animals from a range of locations throughout its known geographic distribution in eastern Australia. Although there is considerable variation among populations, unequivocal morphological and genetic differences exist between northern and southern populations of the species. Specimens from southern populations (from Victoria) have a significantly (P < 0.001) larger ear conch, a significantly (P < 0.001) longer pes, and a significantly (P < 0.001) shorter tail than do specimens from northern populations (from New South Wales and Queensland). Animals can be clearly distinguished using a simple index based on these three morphological measures, which are gathered from live animals. North–south dimorphism is strongly supported by patterns in genetic data that show genetic distances of 2.7–3.0% between the southern and northern populations. The combined outcomes of morphological and genetic analyses suggest the existence of two distinct species. We recommend that the northern form, distributed from central New South Wales north to central Queensland, retain the name Trichosurus caninus; the southern form from Victoria is described here as Trichosurus cunninghami, sp. nov. The common names of these new species should be the 'short-eared possum' and the 'mountain brushtail possum', respectively.

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Phylogeny reconstruction and the tempo of speciation in cheilostome Bryozoa

Paleobiology ◽

10.1017/s0094837300012902 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 407-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Jeremy B. C. Jackson ◽

Alan H. Cheetham

Keyword(s):

Effective Means ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Phylogeny Reconstruction ◽

High Confidence ◽

Skeletal Morphology ◽

Living Species ◽

Cladistic Analyses ◽

Tight Correlation

We compared phylogenies derived from morphological data for two cheilostome bryozoan genera, Stylopoma and Metrarabdotos, with genetic differences between species (Stylopoma) and the stratigraphic occurrence of fossils (both genera). Correspondence between species of Stylopoma defined by protein electrophoresis and on preservable skeletal morphology is excellent, despite great morphological variability within colonies and the predominance of quantitative over discrete characters. Moreover, agreement between genetic and morphological classifications increased greatly when morphological discrimination was pushed to the limit, despite inability to consistently assign all specimens to species with high confidence. This “splitting” strategy also maximized the correlation between genetic distances and the distances between species in cladistically derived phylogenies.Fossil and living species of both genera are sufficiently abundant and widespread to provide credible limits for inferred ancestral relationships. Inclusion of fossils in cladistic analyses of Stylopoma increased the consistency of cladistic hypotheses by up to 30% and provided a more effective means of rooting trees than comparison with living species of the most closely related genus (“outgroup”). Moreover, in the case of Metrarabdotos, failure to incorporate stratigraphic information turned the cladogram virtually upside down, so that postulated ancestors first appear in the fossil record 6–16 m.y. after their putative descendants became extinct.Stratigraphically rooted trees suggest that most well-sampled Metrarabdotos and Stylopoma species originated fully differentiated morphologically and persisted unchanged for > 1 to > 16 m.y., typically alongside their putative ancestors. Moreover, the tight correlation between phenetic, cladistic, and genetic distances among living Stylopoma species suggests that changes in all three variables occurred together during speciation. All of these observations support the punctuated equilibrium model of speciation.

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Genetic variability for girth growth and rubber yield in Hevea brasiliensis

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162006000300006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 246-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Paulo de Souza Gonçalves ◽

Marcelo de Almeida Silva ◽

Ligia Regina Lima Gouvêa ◽

Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior

Keyword(s):

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Genotype Environment Interaction ◽

Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽

High Heritability ◽

Selection Intensities

Basic knowledge of genetic characteristics of populations is necessary to conduct effective breeding and selection. The objective of this paper is describing the genetic variation of rubber yield and the correlation with other traits, and estimating the genetic parameters for girth growth and total number of latex vessels. Sixty seven clones of Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg. were tested at five sites during 10 years. Characters girth growth at panel opening and rubber yield, showed broad sense heritability on plot mean level, from 0.32 to 0.66 and 0.59 to 0.92, respectively. Predicted genetic gains equal to 0.73 cm and 0.79 g increase respectively on girth and yield in the opening panel and mature phases seems realistic, even with moderate selection intensities. Genetic correlations with rubber yield, bark thickness and total number of latex vessels were very large, and almost no genotype-environment interaction was present for girth growth. High genotype-environment interaction was present for rubber yield with genetic and phenotypic correlations across the sites, ranging from 0.64 to 0.92 (genetic) and 0.63 to 0.89 (phenotypic). Total number of latex vessels rings had a high heritability, ranging from 20.0% to 64.0% in the sites E and B, respectively.

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DNA barcoding and integrative taxonomy of Macrobiotus hufelandi C.A.S. Schultze 1834, the first tardigrade species to be described, and some related species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2997.1.2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2997 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

ROBERTO BERTOLANI ◽

LORENA REBECCHI ◽

ILARIA GIOVANNINI ◽

MICHELE CESARI

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcoding ◽

Integrative Taxonomy ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Type Locality ◽

Morphological Data ◽

New Taxon ◽

Black Forest ◽

Mt Dna ◽

Additional Material ◽

Starting Point

Within the framework of a DNA barcoding project on tardigrade species, a study was carried out on Macrobiotus hufelandi C.A.S. Schultze 1834, the first formally described tardigrade species. We used samples collected from the type locality and additional material from other European sites containing species of the “M. hufelandi group”. The study was performed by integrating morphological, karyological and molecular (mt-DNA cox1) information and comparing these data with morphological data from the type material. Several species from this group were found in the type locality of M. hufelandi (near Freiburg, Black Forest, Germany) and these were all barcoded. One was M. hufelandi, the other two were: Macrobiotus sandrae Bertolani & Rebecchi 1993 (originally described from the same locality), and Macrobiotus vladimiri Bertolani, Biserov, Rebecchi & Cesari in press (type locality Andalo, Italy), all with interspecific genetic distances of more than 19%. A fourth cryptic species, which had the same morphology as M. hufelandi but a genetic distance of 6.7%, was not described as a new taxon but named M. cf. hufelandi sp.1 for this study. Macrobiotus sandrae and M. vladimiri were also present (and barcoded) in Italy (Alps). Additional individuals (animals and eggs) were also found, and barcoded, in Italy (Apennines) and Switzerland that belonged to the haplogroup Macrobiotus cf. hufelandi sp. 1. These data together with other recent studies on tardigrade DNA barcoding represent a starting point for further studies on tardigrade biogeography, phylogeography and diversity.

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Morphological and molecular data to determine the origin and taxonomic status of Prosopis chilensis var. riojana (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b03-078 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (9) ◽

pp. 905-917 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas ◽

Ramón A Palacios ◽

Jenny Segovia-Quiroz ◽

Juan T Frías-Hernández ◽

Victor Olalde-Portugal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Group Method ◽

Sympatric Populations ◽

Arithmetic Means ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

Prosopis Chilensis

This study analyzes the morphological and genetic characteristics of three sympatric populations of Prosopis from Argentina. Although morphological and geographical data suggest that Prosopis chilensis var. riojana is an interspecific hybrid of Prosopis chilensis var. chilensis and Prosopis flexuosa var. flexuosa, no correlation was found between morphological traits and genetic distances generated by random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Genetic similarity is greater among P. chilensis var. chilensis and P. flexuosa var. flexuosa than between either of these two taxa with P. chilensis var. riojana. Also, P. chilensis var. riojana has unique genetic markers that are absent from its putative parents. Additionally, dendrograms generated by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) and Neighbor-Joining clustering criteria group P. chilensis var. chilensis and P. flexuosa var. flexuosa apart from P. chilensis var. riojana. Possibilities for the lack of congruence between morphology and RAPD markers are discussed. The results obtained are insufficient to conclusively establish the origin of P. chilensis var. riojana; however, the morphological and genetic traits observed suggest this taxon is well differentiated from P. chilensis var. chilensis and P. flexuosa var. flexuosa.Key words: genetic distances, hybridization, morphology, Prosopis, RAPD, rare taxon.

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