scholarly journals Prospective Plants with Corroborated Antimalarial Actions: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-193
Author(s):  
Anika Tabassum Obonti ◽  
Safaet Alam ◽  
Taslima Binte Kamal ◽  
Anika Zaman ◽  
Hasin Hasnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Worrying Trend

Malaria is a serious illness resulted from parasites that are communicated to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria is still in a worrying trend, particularly in tropical and subtropical climates although it is curable and preventable. In spite of a noteworthy abetment in incidence and death rates caused by malaria, even in 2017, a big number of people (219 million) have been affected by it along with 435 thousand confirmed death cases. Though a lot of synthetic drugs have been commercialized to treat malaria, those are compromised with some serious side effects. On the contrary, plant sources are always getting a big focus to develop novel and effective therapeutics in the treatment of different ailments i.e. quinine and artemisinin to treat malarial complications. The usage of herbal plants against malaria has also a very ancient root. Several families of plant species have showed potential antimalarial activities in previous research works. In this review work, families of these plants have been compiled so that prospective researchers can find a hint to discover more effective and safer plant-derived therapeutic options against malaria. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 180-193, 2021

Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance

2022 ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
Prashant Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Life Threatening

Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. It is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The global burden is estimated to be around 219 million cases in 87 countries. Natural compounds have been used primarily in the traditional medicine for thousands of years. For the treatment of malaria, natural products were used until the development of synthetic drugs, and most of the currently available anti-malarial drugs have been derived based on the compounds from these traditional medicinal plants. The current chapter tries to briefly indicate the emerging resistance against anti-malarial drugs and to discuss the recent research on natural products that have been evaluated for anti-malarial activity. Rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and safety of traditional medicines is required along with identification of active constituents in order to develop new drugs with novel mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Pharmacological, bioactive screening of medicinal plant Nigella sativa and the derived compound thymoquinone : An invitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2458-2465
Author(s):  
Sandhya A ◽  
Gomathi Kannayiram
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Plant Sources

The richest biosource of drugs are from the medicinal plants which are the traditional medicine. The nutraceuticals, food supplements, Siddha, Ayurveda, pharamceutical medicines, synthetic drugs are from the plant sources. Inspite of large number of studies with herbal plants which have given good correlation in the phytochemical, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory content, Nigella sativa- a spice plant of Ranunculacea family showed significant properties than their counterparts. The seeds of Nigella sativa and the essential oil were found to exhibit various pharmacological activities like antianalgesic, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-diabetic. Since there are no toxic effects or serious side effects observed using animal model and in the clinical trials, the study was carried out using Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone to find out the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, invitro - anti diabetic activity, anti inflammatory activity of Nigella sativa ethanolic extract and Thymoquinone effect on diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the study is to prove that the Nigella sativa could be used as therapeutic agent and the compound Thymoquinone a potential cholienesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-176
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
Prashant Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Life Threatening

Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. It is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The global burden is estimated to be around 219 million cases in 87 countries. Natural compounds have been used primarily in the traditional medicine for thousands of years. For the treatment of malaria, natural products were used until the development of synthetic drugs, and most of the currently available anti-malarial drugs have been derived based on the compounds from these traditional medicinal plants. The current chapter tries to briefly indicate the emerging resistance against anti-malarial drugs and to discuss the recent research on natural products that have been evaluated for anti-malarial activity. Rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and safety of traditional medicines is required along with identification of active constituents in order to develop new drugs with novel mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals GABA administration limits viral replication and pneumonitis in a mouse model of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jide Tian ◽  
Blake Middleton ◽  
Daniel L. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Severe Illness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates ◽  
Vaccination Hesitancy

AbstractDespite the availability of vaccines for COVID-19, serious illness and death induced by coronavirus infection will remain a global health burden because of vaccination hesitancy, possible virus mutations, and the appearance of novel coronaviruses. Accordingly, there is a need for new approaches to limit severe illness stemming from coronavirus infections. Cells of the immune system and lung epithelia express receptors for GABA (GABA-Rs), a widely used neurotransmitter within the CNS. GABA-R agonists have anti-inflammatory effects and can limit acute lung injury. We previously showed that GABA treatment effectively reduced disease severity and death rates in mice following infection with a coronavirus (MHV-1) which provides a potentially lethal model of COVID-19. Here, we report that GABA treatment also reduced viral load in the lungs, suggesting that GABA-Rs may provide a new druggable target to limit pulmonary coronavirus replication. Histopathological analysis revealed that GABA treatment reduced lung inflammatory infiltrates and damages. Since GABA is safe for human consumption, inexpensive, and available worldwide, it is a promising candidate to help treat COVID-19.

scholarly journals Is rapid diagnostic test (malaria Pv/Pf Ag card test) reliable in diagnosing malaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Vishruti Gandhi Vishruti Gandhi ◽  
Prasad Muley ◽  
Niyati Parikh ◽  
Hardik Gandhi ◽  
Akash Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Smear Examination

Background: Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected female anopheles mosquitoes is one of the most important parasitic diseases of human with transmission in 109 countries, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. This study was planned to compare the gold standard i.e. peripheral blood smear examination and the newer rapid diagnostic test (malaria plasmodium falciparum/ plasmodium vivax antigen card) to know the diagnostic accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kits. Methods: All the suspected cases of WHO defined malaria between 1month to 18 years of age were enrolled in the study.Results: Out of 96 clinically suspected cases of malaria 63 were confirmed by peripheral smear. The age range of participants ranged from 4 months to 17 years. On peripheral smear examination, out of 96 clinically suspected cases, 37 (38.5%) cases were positive for P. vivax, 23 (23.9%) were positive for P. falciparum and 3 (3.1%) were positive for both parasites by microscopy. Sensitivity and specificity of RDT for Plasmodium Vivax is 92.5% and 96.4% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of RDT for Plasmodium Falciparum is 96.2% and 90%.Conclusions: The rational use of RDTs as a complement to microscopy might give substantial health benefits through earlier treatment, reduction in morbidity and mortality and more rationalized approach for choosing anti-malarial drugs, which in terms may prevent drug resistance.

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Malaria: A National Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
A Sangamithra ◽  
S Vishnu
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) stated that Malaria is a life-threatening parasite illness caused by the Genus Plasmodium spreading to human beings through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria disease is curable and preventable. Unawareness of Malaria in non-endemic areas needs specific attention and the need for health awareness through the health care workers should be enhanced usual care in both areas. Despite being aware of the government programs and measures for the control of Malaria and the endless major problem of health disease in India and many other nations. The complexness and the panic preponderance of the disease are governed by multiple limitations as technological, functional, and monetary and therefore go on inflicting heavy socio-economic losses to people.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Incidence in Europe: Drivers and Government Interventions

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Dan LUPU ◽  
Liviu-George MAHA ◽  
Elena-Daniela VIORICĂ
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Death Cases

"This study aims to identify the determinant country-level factors that impact the trend of registered death cases from the recently emerged infectious disease COVID-19, analyzing data from March 2020 to July 2020, for 40 European countries. We use four categories of indicators covering major areas of influence: health, demographic, economic, and societal/cultural indicators. We reduce the dimensionality of the data to three latent factors by applying a Principal Component Analysis method, and we employ a multiple linear regression model to estimate the effects of these factors on the trend of death rates. The main result of the study is that a decreasing trend of death cases is the effect of a functional and citizen-oriented state, and is not only impacted by characteristics of the medical system or by individual features. Our findings also suggest that the premises for a low mortality rate are built by policies that have effects in the long- and medium-term. These policies refer to economic growth, sustainable development, healthcare, and the creation of a stable political system and an efficient administration."

Market Analysis of Medicinal Plants in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1172-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanskriti Ravi ◽  
Navneeta Bharadvaja
Keyword(s):  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Based Medicine

There has been significant growth in the herbal drugs market around the world, over the last few decades due to growing awareness among people about the rising cost as well as side effects related to the use of synthetic drugs. Herbal medicine has been used in traditional medicinal systems around the world, especially India where the oldest systems of medicine namely Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani make use of more than 90% plant-based formulations. India is rich in medicinal and herbal plants resources that provide for both the health care needs of rural India as well as the source of raw material for therapeutic agents required in the production of traditional and modern medicine. This review article presents an overview of the knowledge of Indian herbal plants based medicine in the national and international market and the trends in its production, sustainability, and promotion.

scholarly journals Optimal Control and Temperature Variations of Malaria Transmission Dynamics

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Folashade B. Agusto
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Impact

Malaria is a Plasmodium parasitic disease transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Climatic factors, such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind, have significant effects on the incidence of most vector-borne diseases, including malaria. The mosquito behavior, life cycle, and overall fitness are affected by these climatic factors. This paper presents the results obtained from investigating the optimal control strategies for malaria in the presence of temperature variation using a temperature-dependent malaria model. The study further identified the temperature ranges in four different geographical regions of sub-Saharan Africa, suitable for mosquitoes. The optimal control strategies in the temperature suitable ranges suggest, on average, a high usage of both larvicides and adulticides followed by a moderate usage of personal protection such as bednet. The average optimal bednet usage mimics the solution profile of the mosquitoes as the mosquitoes respond to changes in temperature. Following the results from the optimal control, this study also investigates using a temperature-dependent model with insecticide-sensitive and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes the impact of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes on disease burden when temperature varies. The results obtained indicate that optimal bednet usage on average is higher when insecticide-resistant mosquitoes are present. Besides, the average bednet usage increases as temperature increases to the optimal temperature suitable for mosquitoes, and it decreases after that, a pattern similar to earlier results involving insecticide-sensitive mosquitoes. Thus, personal protection, particularly the use of bednets, should be encouraged not only at low temperatures but particularly at high temperatures when individuals avoid the use of bednets. Furthermore, control and reduction of malaria may be possible even when mosquitoes develop resistance to insecticides.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Lepidagathis Pungens Nees Whole Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6763-6770
Author(s):  
Manoharan Dhanalakshmi ◽  
Subramaniam AnandaThangadurai ◽  
Swaminathan Gomathi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Antitumor Activity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Plant Sources

Cancer is the most dreadful of all the diseases and is the major contributors to the mortality in the world. Out of all the population, almost 1.2 million patients die due to cancer and related problems. The rate and spread of cancer are wide and even in both women and men. It is presently as high as 3.5 million people who have cancer in India alone. There are many ways of treatment of cancer like the surgery, radiation therapy, cryosurgery and chemotherapy. A part of chemotherapy is the usage of a lot of chemicals and synthetic drugs. Due to the side effects of chemotherapy, patients often get symptoms due to the usage of drugs, and so the cancer treatment often is toxic. Because of this, herbal drugs are seemed to have no side effects, and non-toxic effects, and so this project deals with identifying the plant sources of the drugs that treat cancers effectively. The present study focusses on the extraction of the chemical constituents from Lepidagathis pungens whole  plant and using the same to estimate the anti-tumour potential in EAC induced tumour induction method. The activity was tested in two doses 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract. They showed a dose-dependent activity when estimated for the tumour parameters and other haematological measures like RBC, WBC counts. They showed similar activity when estimated for the antioxidant enzymes like SGOT, SGPT, Catalases, LPO and ALP levels.

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