scholarly journals Routine VDRL Test in Pregnant Women: How Justified Is It?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Mosammat Gul A Anar ◽  
Tabassum Ghani ◽  
Md Zahidul Islam ◽  
Mst Zinat Rehana Shilpi ◽  
Ehsan Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Past History ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Antenatal Screening ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bangladeshi Population

Background & objective: The present study was undertaken to justify the role of routine antenatal screening for syphilis using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test in Bangladeshi pregnant women. Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics Inpatient and Outpatient, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and selected Private Clinics over a period of 6 months between January 2016 to June 2016. Pregnant women attending at the above-mentioned places during the study period were the study population. A total of 371 women attending at antenatal clinic at OPD or admitted in the Inpatient Department of DMCH were consecutively included. The outcome variable was outcome of VDRL test. Result: In the present study, the mean age of the pregnant women was 24.3 years. In terms of occupation, housewife comprised the main bulk (78.8%). About 64% were multigravida and 60% were primipara. Of the 371 pregnant women subjected to VDRL test, only 4(1.1%) exhibited reactive. About one-third of the women had history of past abortion. Of them two-thirds had experienced abortion once. Of the aborted cases 57% were spontaneous and 43% induced. Ten percent of the women gave the history of delivering dead baby. Three-quarters of the dead babies were fresh, 22.2% had skin lesion and only one was macerated. Half of the women had history of vaginal discharge, 27.2% itching in vagina and vulva and 17% dysuria. However, very few husbands had dysuria, pus discharge through urethra or ulcer in the genital region. About 10% of women gave the history opthalmia neonatrum in their children born in the past. History of dysuria was rare (0.8%), but pus discharged from urethra of their husbands was 12.1%. HbsAg was found positive in 5(1.3%) cases and pus-cell in urine in 41(11.1%) cases. Conclusion: The study concluded that pregnant women with VDRL test positivity in Bangladeshi population are low and, as such, the role of routine antenatal screening for syphilis with VDRL test should be re-considered. Ibrahim Card Med J 2020; 10 (1&2): 89-95

THE ROLE OF SECRETING FUNCTION OF DECIDUA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF GESTATION PROCESS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH A PAST HISTORY OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2416-2420
Author(s):  
Olena О. Taranovska ◽  
Volodymyr К. Likhachov ◽  
Ludmyla М. Dobrovolska ◽  
Oleg G. Makarov ◽  
Yanina V. Shymanska
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Past History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning

The aim: To determine the serum FAMG in the I and II trimester of pregnancy in women with a past history of chronic endometritis, and to clarify its impact on the development of pathology of pregnancy. Materials and methods: The level of FAMG was determined at 6-8 and 16-18 weeks of gestation in 135 pregnant women with a past history of chronic endometritis, who received treatment of chronic endometritis at the stage of pregravid preparation and 168 women who became pregnant without its prior treatment. The dependence of the development of pre-eclampsia on the level of FAMG at the early stages of pregnancy has been evaluated. Results: At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, the level of FAMG in women with a past history of chronic endometritis was 20.6% lower (122.4 ± 7.6 ng/ml) compared to the control group. In FAMG of 90.3 ± 4.3 ng/ml at 6-8 weeks of gestation, spontaneous abortion occurred in 100% of cases within the next 2 weeks. FAMG lower than 122,1 ± 3,0 ng/ml can be the predisposing factor for the development of pre-eclampsia. Conclusions: Reduced FAMG in the beginning of pregnancy in women with untreated chronic endometritis in the past history increases the incidence of miscarriages at the early stages by 2.6 times, and by 1.8 times the probability of preeclampsia development. Treatment of chronic endometritis at the stage of pregravid preparation promotes the increase of FAMG by 24,6% compared to untreated women that reduces the probability of complications during the subsequent course of pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Role of Routine Ultrasonography in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 950-958
Author(s):  
T. Saravanan ◽  
Hephzibah Kirubamani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Early Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Introduction: In the early stages of pregnancy, ultrasound is an extremely specific method for examination. This article reviews how the normal development of a baby in the first trimester of pregnancy relates to ultrasound findings. Aim: To highlight the importance of routine ultrasonography in the first trimester of pregnancy in detecting and dating gestation, its viability and early detection of anomalies and complications Methods: This descriptive study involved 100 pregnant women within 12 weeks of gestation attending antenatal clinic at Saveetha Medical college, during the study period Inclusion Criteria: Pregnant women with history of amenorrhea <12 weeks of gestation. Exclusion criteria: Individuals with history of pain abdomen and bleeding per vaginum Results: A total of 99 pregnancies were intrauterine of which 1 was anembryonic and 2 had early pregnancy failure, 15 pregnancies were redated. One ectopic and one fibroid complicating pregnancy were aslo found. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is an effective method to detect and date pregnancy, identify nonviable pregnancies, fetal abnormalities and early trimester complications. Hence it is ideal to use it routinely as screening tool during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Features of psychoemotional condition and stress-assosiatate hormons bioproduction in pregnant women after application of assisted reproductive technologies

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
L.M. Vygivska ◽  
◽  
I.A. Usevych ◽  
I.V. Maidannyk ◽  
V.F. Oleshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Past History ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The article represents the results of a prospective clinical and paraclinical examination of women with a history of infertility, pregnancy in which occurred as a result of the assisted reproductive technologies application. The objective: was to study the dynamics of pregnancy features of the psycho - emotional state and the concentration of stress-associated hormones in the serum of pregnant women after the application of assisted reproductive technologies in order to improve the tactics of antenatal care and prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications. Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 80 pregnant women with endocrine infertility, in which pregnancy occurred as a result of therapeutic cycles of ART, control – 50 first-pregnant women with spontaneous fertilization, taken in an arbitrary order of clinical, statistical and laboratory and instrumental studies. In pregnant women of the study groups, in order to determine the psycho emotional state in the screening mode, a clinical interview was conducted by filling out questionnaires that contained the Spilberger test questions in modification of Y.L. Hanina and «Test of relationof pregnant» by the method of I.V. Dobryakova. In the dynamics of pregnancy, the concentration of prolactin (PRL) and cortisol (K) was determined by the enzyme immunoassay on the Reader-MSR-1000 apparatus using test systems manufactured by Hema-Medicament (Russia). Results. Pregnant women with infertility in past history were characterized by a state of chronic stress. According to the results of the Spielberger test in modification Y .L. Hanina every second pregnant of main group had a high level of reactive and every fourth personal anxiety. Almost 90.0% of pregnant women after art are characterized by the presence of pathological PKGD, among which an alarming and depressive type was registered in every sixth and twelfth pregnant woman, respectively. The obtained data are confirmed by the results of the study of the level of K and PRL. For women with a history of infertility and pregnancy, which is the result of therapeutic cycles of ART, inherent in increasing concentrations of stress-associated hormones – cortisol and prolactin, which is one of the reasons for the complicated course of pregnancy and requires reasonable pathogenetic correction. Conclusion. For women who are pregnant as a result of the use of therapeutic cycles of art characterized by a high level of personal and reactive anxiety and PKGD, which confirm the presence of neuropsychiatric and afferent disorders. Increasing the concentration of stress-associated hormones is one of the causes of complicated pregnancy and requires a reasonable pathogenetic correction. Key words: pregnancy, infertility, assisted reproductive technologies, psychological status, cortisol, prolactin.

scholarly journals Family history of hypertension increases risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women: a case-control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulualem Endeshaw ◽  
Fantu Abebe ◽  
Melkamu Bedimo ◽  
Anemaw Asrat ◽  
Abebaw Gebeyehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Control Study

Background <br />Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortalities worldwide. Despite extensive research, the underlying cause of preeclampsia remains poorly understood. This study aimed to offer compelling evidence on the important risk factors of preeclampsia in Amhara region, Ethiopia.<br /><br />Methods<br />A case control study was conducted in public health facilities of Bahir Dar city from September 2014 to January 2015. A total of 453 (151 cases and 302 controls) pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Hemoglobin level and urinary tract infection (UTI) status were collected from clinical notes. Oral examination was performed by a dentist for detection of periodontal diseases. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship of all the independent variables with the outcome variable. A p-value &lt;0.05 was declared statistically significant.<br /><br />Result<br />Advanced maternal age (AOR=4.79;95% CI 1.031-22.18), family history of hypertension (AOR=11.16;95% CI 5.41-41.43), history of diabetes mellitus (AOR=6.17;95% CI 2.11-20.33), UTI in the current pregnancy (AOR=6.58;95% CI 2.93-14.73), failure to comply with iron and folic acid supplement during pregnancy (AOR=8.32;95% CI 3.35-20.62), lack of exercise (AOR=3.33;95% CI 1.35-8.17), multiple pregnancy (AOR=4.05;95% CI 1.57-12.27), anemia (AOR=4.19;95% CI 1.27-13.92), and periodontal disease or gingivitis (AOR =3.51;95% CI 1.14-10.83) were associated with preeclampsia.<br /><br />Conclusion <br />Family history of hypertension was the most dominant risk factor for preeclampsia in pregnant women. Encouraging pregnant women to have health seeking behavior during pregnancy would provide a chance to diagnose preeclampsia as early as possible.

scholarly journals Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis ababa, Ethiopia - a cross sectional type of study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desta Samuel Umuro ◽  
Yared Lasebew Asres ◽  
Gezahegn Mamo Muluneh
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Institution based cross sectional study design was conducted from December 1–30, 2018 on 405 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. All pregnant women visiting the Antenatal care clinic during the study period and who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Secondary data was collected from clients register and personal files on hemoglobin, HIV, stool, and other variables. Descriptive statistics was used to analysis some variables by using SPSS. Logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with anemia in pregnancy. Adjusted odds ratio with their 95% of confidence interval and p < 0.05 are consider to have significant association. Results The magnitude of Anemia in pregnant women in this study was 19.8%, (95% CI 16.00-23.70). HIV infection (AOR = 6.12(95% CI 2.19, 17.08) parasitic infestation (AOR = 11.88 (95% CI 5.60, 25.20) and history of not taking fruit after meal during pregnancy (AOR = 3.12(95% CI 1.72, 5.67) were the major determinants of anemia. Conclusion This study showed that the magnitude of anemia among pregnant women was high especially at third trimester. Living with HIV /AIDS, parasitic infestation and no history of taking fruits after meal were the main factors.

MEASURING SOLAR DIAMETER WITH 2012 VENUS TRANSITS

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
COSTANTINO SIGISMONDI
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Logarithmic Derivative ◽  
Solar Limb ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Diameter ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Better Than

The role of Venus and Mercury transits is crucial to know the past history of the solar diameter. Through the W parameter, the logarithmic derivative of the radius with respect to the luminosity, the past values of the solar luminosity can be recovered. The black drop phenomenon affects the evaluation of the instants of internal and external contacts between the planetary disk and the solar limb. With these observed instants compared with the ephemerides the value of the solar diameter is recovered. The black drop and seeing effects are overcome with two fitting circles, to Venus and to the Sun, drawn in the undistorted part of the image. The corrections of ephemerides due to the atmospheric refraction will also be taken into account. The forthcoming transit of Venus will allow an accuracy on the diameter of the Sun better than 0.01 arcsec, with good images of the ingress and of the egress taken each second. Chinese solar observatories are in the optimal conditions to obtain valuable data for the measurement of the solar diameter with the Venus transit of 5/6 June 2012 with an unprecedented accuracy, and with absolute calibration given by the ephemerides.

RUPTURE OF AMNIOTIC MEMBRANES IN PRETERM, AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBSTETRICS COMPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Iroda Tosheva ◽  
◽  
N. Ashurova ◽  
Gulchekhra Ikhtiyarova
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Perinatal Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Amniotic Membranes

This article presents the results of the retrospective study of the childbirth history of 106 pregnant women in whom labor was complicated by premature rupture of the membranes, delivery in the Bukhara regional perinatal center for the period 2017-2019 years. The results show the significant role of premature rupture of the membranes in the development of obstetrics and perinatal complications, especially in women with a history of somatic and gynecological anamnesis

Prevalence of some hepatitis B virus markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Specialist Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
O. Erhabor ◽  
S.Y. Mohammad ◽  
L. Bello ◽  
F.U. Onuigwe ◽  
Y. Abdulrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Markers

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem. The virus has infected more than one-third of the global population. It has been estimated that 360 million chronic carriers are living around the world with a high risk for developing cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma and hepatic failure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of some hepatitis B markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Sokoto Specialist Hospital, Nigeria. METHODS: The hepatitis testing was carried out using the Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic HBV-5 rapid kit (Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic, USA). The kit is based on lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in human serum or plasma. Panel format can conveniently test for five targets at once and utilizes all markers to help distinguish between acute and chronic infections. RESULTS: Out of 117 pregnant women tested, 15 were positive for HBsAg (12.8%), 6 positive for HBsAb (5.1%), 1 for HBeAg (0.9%), 14 tested positive for HBeAb (12.0%), and 14 tested for HBcAb (12.0%). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on ethnicity. HBsAb was significantly higher among the Hausa ethnic group (p= 0.001). The prevalence of HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was not affected by ethnicity (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on age. Infection by the hepatitis B virus markers was higher among young adult and middle age groups. The difference was however not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on the educational status, previous history of blood transfusion, jaundice, employment status and previous history of still births among the pregnant subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study observed a high prevalence of various hepatitis B viral markers among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto. There is need for routine screening of all pregnant women and infants born to hepatitis B positive mothers. Government and non-governmental organizations should intensify efforts to enlighten the general population on the public health importance of the disease and the importance of hepatitis screening. There is also need for the development of a treatment protocol for the management of pregnant women positive for hepatitis B to prevent mother to child transmission. There is an urgent need for the implementation of evidenced-based best practice of providing universal vaccination against hepatitis B for all hepatitis B negative women of child bearing age in particular and all Nigerians in general.

scholarly journals Sheehan’s Syndrome Revisited: Underlying Autoimmunity or Hypoperfusion?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Gerardo González-González ◽  
Omar David Borjas-Almaguer ◽  
Alejandro Salcido-Montenegro ◽  
René Rodríguez-Guajardo ◽  
Anasofia Elizondo-Plazas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Sheehan’S Syndrome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sheehan's Syndrome ◽  
Pituitary Antibodies

Sheehan’s syndrome remains a frequent obstetric complication with an uncertain pathophysiology. We aimed to assess the incidence of hypopituitarism (≥2 hormonal axis impairment) within the first six postchildbirth months and to determine the existence of anti-pituitary antibodies. From 2015 to 2017, adult pregnant women, who developed moderate to severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), were consecutively included in the study. Pituitary function was assessed 4 and 24 weeks after PPH. At the end of the study, anti-pituitary antibodies were assessed. Twenty women completed the study. Mean age was 26.35 (±5.83) years. The main etiology for severe PPH was uterine atony (65%) which resulted mostly in hypovolemic shock grades III-IV. Within the first four weeks after delivery, 95% of patients had at least one hormonal pituitary affected and 60% of the patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for hypopituitarism. At the end of the study period, five patients (25%) were diagnosed with hypopituitarism (GH and cortisol axes affected). Anti-pituitary antibodies were negative in all patients. At 6 months follow-up, one in every four women with a history of moderate-to-severe PPH was found with asymptomatic nonautoimmune-mediated hypopituitarism. The role of autoimmunity in Sheehan’s syndrome remains uncertain. Further studies are needed to improve the remaining knowledge gaps.

Buddhist studies in the west, past and present: Role of the Mongolian Buddhism

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Sainbileg B
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Western World ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Buddhist Studies ◽  
History Of

In this article, I tried to illustrate a brief history of Buddhist Studies in the Western world and role of Mongolian Buddhism in its history and future prospects. Buddhist Studies is an independent academic discipline that pioneered by outstanding Western scholars and it covers roughly 200 years. In the modern world, Buddhist Studies has formed interdisciplinary academic research, and expands its research area with new requirements of society and newly discovered manuscripts. From the outset of the Buddhist Studies, western scholars involved with Mongolian Buddhism and manuscripts; however, unfortunately Buddhist Studies in the Mongolian context could not develop in parallel with its rapid development. In other words, Mongolian Buddhism comparatively has been slighted in the past history of Buddhist Studies. The researches by domestic scholars have been reviving after 1960. Only foreign scholars do conspicuous researches on the Mongolian Buddhism, but domestic scholars are not active on the academic research due to some reasons. First of all we should define what makes Buddhism “Mongolian”. We should describe identity of the Mongolian Buddhism, and then we able to analyze its past, present and future prospects. I assume the following five tendencies explore researches of the Mongolian Buddhism.Assimilation of Buddhism with Mongolian tradition and customs, syncretism of Buddhism and Mongolian traditional shamanism Distinctive character of Mongolian monasticism, secularity, role of Buddhism in the Mongolian society Study of ethnic Mongolian lamas as influential historical figuresResearch of Mongolian Canons and other sources in Mongolian language, and their translation Study on Tibetan and Mongolian works by Mongolian lamas in comparison with doctrinally affiliated works

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