scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Plant Extracts to Control Cercospora Leaf Spot of Mungbean (Vigna radiata)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Uddin ◽  
MA Bakr ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MI Hossain ◽  
A Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Indigenous Plant

The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute farm, Joydebpur, Gazipur during March to July 2007 to evaluate the bioefficacy of some plant extracts in controlling Cercospora leaf spot of mungbean. Six indigenous plant species i.e. Neem leaves extract (1:4 w/v), Garlic cloves extract (1:5 w/v), Biskatali leaves extract (1:4 w/v), Alamanda leaves extract (1:6 w/v), Arjun leaves extract (1:4 w/v) and Debdaru leaves extract (1:5 w/v) were used in this experiment. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with seven treatments and four replications. Data on disease incidence, severity, yield contributing characters and yield of mungbean were recorded. Naturally, infection of the disease was considered in this experiment. The lowest disease incidence (7.33%) at 60 DAS was found in T1. Lowest and similar disease severity (PDI= 4.55) was found in T2 and T3 at the same DAS. Neem extract treated plots gave better response in yield (1.26 t ha-1) and all the yield contributing parameters like inflorescences plant-1 (13.45), tallest plant (51.44 cm), the maximum number of pods plant-1 (26.81), length of pod (8.56 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (12.64) and 1000 seeds weight (27.33 g) followed by T2 and T3. The highest disease incidence (26.50%) and disease index (13.65%) were recorded in treatment T7 at 60 DAS. Yield and all yield contributing factors were lowest in same treatment. The results of the experiment suggested that the use of neem leaves extracts are effective for minimizing Cercospora leaf spot incidence, severity and increasing yield of mungbean. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (1): 60-65, June, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i1.16094

scholarly journals Screening of different plant extracts against leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum) of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Hossain ◽  
I Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Almost All

A study was undertaken to evaluate effectiveness of foliar spray with 33 plant extracts against leaf spot (Tikka) of groundnut caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum. Bavistin and BAU-Biofungicide were included in the experiment as checks and spray of plain water represented control. Almost all treatments gave considerable reduction in disease incidence and increase in growth parameters, pod and haulm yield compared to control. The most effective materials were Bavistin 50 WP, BAU-Biofungicide, leaf extract of neem, tomato, datura black, and datura white. The materials decreased spot number per leaf, defoliation per plant, incidence of leaf spot, and number of infected leaf per plant by 35.45 -60.07, 42.06-72.20, 51.97–63.58, and 38.33 to 46.89 % and increased pod yield and haulm yield by 64.37-111.41 and 32.35- 74.71 %, respectively. The materials may be recommended against the disease after economic analysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16976 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 491-503, September 2013

scholarly journals Diversity and occurrence of major diseases of vegetables and fruit crops during spring season at Aanbukhaireni rural municipality of Tanahun district, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
Subash Subedi ◽  
Sheela Koirala ◽  
Saraswati Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Leaf Curl

A survey has been conducted to assess the diversity and occurrence of major vegetables and fruits cultivated in Aanbukhaireni rural municipality of Tanahun district, Nepal during spring season of 2019.The surveyed areas were Satrasayaphant, Baradiphant and Dumridanda villages of ward no 1, Yeklephant, Markichowk and Pateni villages of ward no2 , Gaadapani village of ward no 3, Saakhar village of ward no 4 and Ghummaune village of ward no. 5. The surveyed area consists of upper tropical and sub tropical climate. The total no of farmers field selected for the survey was 34, 32, 24, 17 and 21 from ward no 1,2,3,4 and 5 respectively.The major vegetables cultivated during survey period in the surveyed area were bean, bitter-gourd, brinjal, chilli, cowpea, cucumber, okra, pumpkin, sponge-gourd, tomato, snake-gourd and bottle-gourd. Similarly, the fruits found in the region were banana, papaya,  grapes, mango, litchi, peach, guava, lemon, mandarin orange etc. The major diseases of vegetables noticed were early blight, late blight, cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew, downey mildew, fruit rot, bacterial wilt, bacterial spot, leaf curl and mosaic. In case of fruits, sigatoka leaf spot,  panama wilt, black rot, algal leaf spot, canker, root rot, foot rot, sooty mold, red rust, anthracnose, rust, mosaic, alternaria leaf spot, downey mildew and leaf curl were the major diseases. The higher disease incidence (70%) and severity (48%) in vegetables were recorded in ward no 2 where as the lower incidence (45.2%) and severity (37.71%) were found in ward no 4. Similarly, the higher fruit disease incidence (70.24%) and severity (51.27%) in ward no 1 followed by ward no 2 with disease incidence and severity of 66.79% and 45.14% respectively. The reasons for those results are low educational level, lack of best bet technology, no proper irrigation and fertilizer, unavailability of pesticides for controlling the diseases. This study will be useful to identify the major diseases of vegetables and fruits of terai and inner terai region of Nepal and applying control measure, looking for the best possible solutions.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and prescription for Cercospora leaf spot of chilli

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
K Fatema ◽  
KMB Alam ◽  
MB Meah
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost

The experiments were carried out during 2009 to 2013 on diagnosis and prescriptions for management of Cercospora leaf spot of chilli. The studies were undertaken in 250 grower’s field of five upazillas viz. Mymensingh sadar, Kushtia sadar, Kumarkhali, Chandina and Sher-e-Bangla Nagar. The highest disease incidence (38.6%) and severity (17.4%) of Cercospora leaf spot of chilli was recorded. Cercospora capsici produced leaf spot of chilli. The prescription given by Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic (PDDC) was effective in the farmer’s field against the disease. Cercospora leaf spot of chilli is the most important diseases of spices in Bangladesh as the diseases significantly reduce the quality and yield. Prescription was Bavistin-50 DF @ 1g/l sprayed 4 times at 15 days interval for management of Cercospora leaf spot of chilli. The practices reduced the incidence by 72.82%, severity by 65.60%. The yield increased by 35.11%. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 3.34.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 191-196, December 2015

scholarly journals Effect of Production System and Pruning on Temporal Development of Cercospora depazeoides and on Berry Yield in Black Elderberry Orchards

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb ◽  
J. M. Gáll ◽  
B. Fodor
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Temporal Development ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Disease Progress

In a 2-year study, the temporal development of Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora depazeoides) and berry yield were evaluated in two production systems (integrated and organic) and in two winter pruning treatments (trees pruned to four and eight scaffolds) in two black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) orchards in Hungary. Under organic production, leaf spot onset occurred 2 to 4 weeks earlier (mid- and late July) in both years and both orchards compared with the integrated program. Disease then continuously progressed until the final assessment date (late September) in both years, reaching a maximum final disease incidence of 15.9% in the integrated system and of 38.2% in the organic system. In general, disease progress after late August was greater on trees pruned to eight scaffolds than on trees pruned to four scaffolds in both production systems. Both final disease incidence and area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the integrated treatments compared with organic ones. Across all treatments, both disease measures were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on trees pruned to four scaffolds compared with trees pruned to eight scaffolds. However, when the effect of pruning on final disease incidence and AUDPC was analyzed separately for integrated and organic systems, pruning caused uniformly significant differences in disease development only for the organic system. Berry yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the integrated system compared with the organic system, but pruning showed no significant effect on yield. Overall, pruning to four scaffolds resulted in consistently lower disease development in organic production compared to integrated. Thus, winter pruning may be useful as a Cercospora leaf spot management practice in organic elderberry orchards.

Development of a Sequential Sampling Plan using Spatial Attributes of Cercospora Leaf Spot Epidemics of Table Beet in New York

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Winter Heck ◽  
Julie R Kikkert ◽  
Linda Hanson ◽  
Sarah Jane Pethybridge
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Sequential Sampling Plan ◽  
True Value

Sampling strategies that effectively assess disease intensity in the field are important to underpin management decisions. To develop a sequential sampling plan for the incidence of Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by Cercospora beticola, 31 table beet fields were assessed in New York. Assessments of CLS incidence were performed in six leaves arbitrarily selected in 51 sampling locations along each of the three to six linear transects per field. Spatial pattern analyses were performed, and results were used to develop sequential sampling estimation and classification models. CLS incidence (p) ranged from 0.13 to 0.92 with a median of 0.31, and beta-binomial distribution, which is reflective of aggregation, best described the spatial patterns observed. Aggregation was commonly detected (>95%) by methods using the point-process approach, runs analyses, and autocorrelation up to the fourth spatial lag. For SADIE, 45% of the datasets were classified as a random pattern. In the sequential sampling estimation and classification models, disease units are sampled until a prespecified target is achieved. For estimation, the goal was sampling CLS incidence with a preselected coefficient of variation (C). Achieving the C = 0.1 was challenging with less than 51 sampling units, and only observed on datasets with an incidence above 0.3. Reducing the level of precision, i.e. increasing C to 0.2, allowed the preselected C be achieved with a lower number of sampling units and with an estimated incidence (p̂) close to the true value of p. For classification, the goal was to classify the datasets above or below prespecified thresholds (pt) used for CLS management. The average sample number (ASN) was determined by Monte Carlo simulations, and was between 20 and 45 at disease incidence values close to pt, and approximately 11 when far from pt. Correct decisions occurred in over 76% of the validation datasets. Results indicated these sequential sampling plans can be used to effectively assess CLS incidence in table beet fields.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Mancozeb 75 WP with some plant extracts in the integrated management of Cercospora leaf spot disease of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
V.O. Dania ◽  
N. E. Sam
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Combined Application

The use of synthetic mancozeb fungicide has not been effective in the control of okra leaf spot (Pseudocercospora abelmoschi) disease amidst critical issues of environmental concerns. Therefore, this study evaluated the compatibility of mancozeb 75 WP with some botanicals in the integrated management of the disease. Laboratory assay was a 3×4×2 factorial laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications, while the field experiment was a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments. Four extract concentrations, 15, 30, 45 and 50% w/v and 0.5 g/l Mancozeb 75 WP were evaluated. The application of Syzygium aromaticum extract at 50% w/v concentration had the highest mycelial growth reduction of 71.89% of the pathogen. The soil textural class was sandy loam and treatments effect on okra growth indices did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The highest pod yield of 15.48 t/ha-1 was obtained in treatment inoculated with P. abelmoschi. but treated with a combination of S. aromaticum and Mancozeb. The same treatment had the lowest disease incidence of 4.01%, while combined application of C. papaya, S. aromaticum and Mancozeb recorded significantly (p<0.05) lower disease severity among inoculated plants. Therefore, this combination is recommended as foliar spray on okra in place of Mancozeb.

scholarly journals Efficacy of fungicides in control of turmeric leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum capsici at Tepi, Southwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Merga Jibat ◽  
Mulukan Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia

Turmeric leaf spot, caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum capsici, is the greatest damaging disease that limits the production and productivity of turmeric, and reduces qualitative and quantitative rhizome yields in Southwestern Ethiopia. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides against a disease epidemic of turmeric leaf spot in Southwestern Ethiopia. The field experiment was performed at Tepi Agricultural Research Center during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons using four fungicides: Ethiozeb 80% WP (mancozeb), Prozole 255 EC (propiconazole), Mancolaxyl 72% WP (mancozeb + metalaxyl) and Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG (metalaxyl-M), which were applied either as seed rhizome treatments plus foliar spray, or as foliar spray alone for control of leaf spot infection. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications. The results of the experiment indicated that both rhizome treatment + foliar spray, and foliar fungicide spray treatments significantly affected the turmeric leaf spot epidemics. The effect of the foliar spray Prozole 255 EC (propiconazole) was significantly higher than the other treatments in reducing disease severity (27.0) and maximizing rhizome fresh yield (34.1 ton/ ha). The maximum cost benefit ratio (1:2.65) was achieved by the foliar spray fungicide Prozole 255 EC (propiconazole). Amongst different fungicides considered, the foliar spray Prozole 255 EC (propiconazole) reduced leaf spot disease incidence up to 47.1% over the control on the last day of disease evaluation. The whole outcome of this experiment showed that foliar Prozole 255 EC (propiconazole) fungicide sprays were effective in alleviating the epidemic of turmeric leaf spot and boosting turmeric production and productivity.

scholarly journals Survey on Nigerian Castor Germplasm for Potential Resistant Genotypes to Cercospora Leaf Spot

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-446
Author(s):  
Bolaji Zuluqurineen SALIHU ◽  
Mathew Omoniyi ADEBOLA ◽  
Maryam Alfa KABARAINI ◽  
Sunkanmi Tokunbo GBADEYAN ◽  
Adijat Abolore AJADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Fungal diseases cause a lot of economic damage in castor and in some instances; it is a limiting factor to commercial cultivation of the crop. In the present study, survey on castor germplasm for sources of resistant genes to Cercospora leaf spot was carried out at National Cereals Research Institute Badeggi, Nigeria. The genotypes were grown in a resolvable incomplete block design with three replications. The results obtained revealed high variability of host resistance among the genotypes. Percentage disease incidence ranged between 16.67% and 100%.  A range between 1.43 score and 4.17 scores with average score of 2.89 were recorded for disease severity among the genotypes. Highest (95.92%) and lowest (13.03%) damage index were observed in the genotypes Acc. 059 and Acc. 022 respectively. The Principal component (PC) 1 to 4 explained 100% of the variability in the germplasm. PC1 explained 69.72% of the variability with the major contributory parameters being the disease incidence, severity and damage index. Significant negative correlations were recorded between the seed yield and all the three disease indices. The result of cluster analysis revealed six cluster groups among the germplasm with cluster membership ranging between 4 and 40 members. The cluster I contained members (Acc. 002, Acc. 017, Acc. 022, Acc. 026, Acc. 027, Acc. 048 and Acc. 061) with low average disease incidence, severity and damage index. The results reported here could serve as a basis for further screening of the potential resistant genotypes under controlled condition to develop resistant lines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Botanicals to Manage Leaf Spots (Passalora arachidicola and Passalora personatum) of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Zoba Hamelmalo Region of Eritrea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Danish Yaseen Naqvi ◽  
Adiam Fitsum ◽  
Yohannes Habte ◽  
Nardos Ghirmatsion ◽  
Luna Rezene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Neem Leaves

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is grown globally and it is affected by many widespread diseases and infestations in all the groundnut growing areas. In Eritrea, leaf spot diseases are prevalent that is caused by fungi (Passalora arachidicola and P. personata) and results great losses. Botanical pesticides play an important role to control fungal infections due to their non-phytotoxic and eco-friendly nature. This study intended to evaluate the efficacy of selected botanicals viz., Neem (Azadirachta indica), Melia (Melia azadirach), Lantana (Lantana camara), Datura (Datura metel) and Marigold (Tagetes patula) on plant height, intensity of leaf spots disease and yield of groundnut in Hamelmalo zoba, Eritrea, during 2017-2018. Extract of neem leaves (5.66, 14.10 and 25.38%) showed high significance in plant height after 20, 40 and 60 days, respectively, as compared to untreated control (21.07%) and mancozeb (treated control). The lowest disease intensity was recorded in the application of neem extract (15%w/v) at different days after sowing. However, mancozeb (2 g/liter) was the most effective and followed by Neem greater than Melia greater than Lantana showed improvement in plant growth and maximum reduction in disease intensity. The highest reduction rate in ‘disease incidence’ and ‘disease severity’ was found in Neem extract application (63.11 and 40.29) after mancozeb (56.52 and 36.18) at 95 DAS at 5% significant level. Among the botanicals, plants treated with Neem extract was observed with highest number of pods (89.45) and yield (98.10 q/ha) followed by Melia (5% w/v) i.e. 87.59 and 95.02 respectively.

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