scholarly journals Evaluation of structured oral examination format used in the assessment of undergraduate medical course (MBBS) of the University of Dhaka

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Md Shah Alam ◽  
Tahmina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Oral Examination ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives of this cross sectional descriptive study was to evaluate critically the current status of structured oral examination (SOE) format as practiced in the professional examination of undergraduate medical course (MBBS) and views of the faculties regarding the concept of SOE as an assessment tool. The study was conducted in 9 medical college examination centers of Dhaka University in July 2007. There were 36 examiners in 18 SOE board, 26 of them were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire and SOE boards were observed with a checklist. A total of 2455 questions used in SOE to assess 123 students, were recorded and analyzed using another checklist. These questions were used to assess learning hierarchy and content coverage using forensic medicine as a reference subject. Analysis of the questions revealed majority (97%) were of recall type, only 3% were interpretation and problem solving types. The questions for 119 (97%) examinee did not address 10%-50% content area. About 38% examiners responded that they had no clear idea regarding learning objectives and none had idea regarding test blueprint.The examiners marked the domain of learning measured by SOE in favor of cognitive skill (61%), communication skill (38.5%), motor skill (11.5%), behavior and attitude (19%). No examiner prepared model answer of SOE questions by consensus with other examiner. Though more than 80% examiner agreed with the statement that pre-selection of accepted model answer is an important element for success of SOE. But no examiners of any SOE boards practiced it. Similarly, none of the examiners of SOE board kept records of individual question and the answer of the examinees. No boards maintained equal time for a candidate during SOE by using timer or stop watch. Examiners of 8 boards (44%) did not use recommended rating scale to score individual response of examinee rather scored in traditional consolidated way at the end of the candidate’s examination. Majority (94%) boards scored the prompted answer and allowed another questions when a candidate failed to answer. During SOE conduction, 22% examiner were absent from the board for a prolonged period and 3% was engaged in marking the written scripts. About 56% of the examiners arrived late than schedule time. Behaviors of 14% examiner showed abusing to the candidates. The study revealed that the objectives of introducing SOE as assessment tool in undergraduate medical curriculum was not achieved and it was not appropriately implemented. The various elements of SOE were not followed in most of the sessions of examinations. However, the reasons for not implementing vis a vis following the attributes of SOE were not explored. The study was done only in forensic medicine but similar situations may exist in other subjects. It is recommended that further study may be instituted to determine the causes of not achieving the objective of SOE in undergraduate medical evaluation system. The examiners should be motivated and trained up adequately to implement the elements of SOE successfully as valid, reliable and objective assessment tool.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(1): 1-10

scholarly journals Dental Fear and Anxiety of Kindergarten Children in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2827
Author(s):  
Madeline Jun Yu Yon ◽  
Kitty Jieyi Chen ◽  
Sherry Shiqian Gao ◽  
Duangporn Duangthip ◽  
Edward Chin Man Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Fear ◽  
Oral Examination ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fear Level ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

Objectives: The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the fear level of kindergarten children in the general population during dental outreach in a familiar kindergarten setting, and to explore the factors associated with the dental fear of kindergarten children. Method: Consecutive sampling method was used to select kindergarten children aged 3 to 5 to participate in a questionnaire survey and an outreach service. A behavioural observation type of instrument for dental fear and anxiety assessment—Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS)—was chosen to investigate the fear level of the children. Bivariate analyses between various factors and children’s dental fear and anxiety were carried out using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 498 children participated in this study. Almost half (46%) of the children have had caries experience, and the mean dmft score was 2.1 ± 3.4. The prevalence of dental caries was 32%, 43%, and 64% in the 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds, respectively. Only 4% of the children scored negatively for dental fear and anxiety (95% CI 2.3%–5.7%). Children at three years of age displayed more dental fear and anxiety than children of older ages, but the difference in dental fear and anxiety among the genders and caries status was not statistically significant. Most of the children (92%) brushed daily, but only 20% of them used toothpaste. Most (85%) of them had never visited the dentist, and over 70% of them were mainly taken care by their parents. High levels of positive and cooperative behaviour and low levels of fear were found in this population. No statistical significance was found between the child’s dental fear and any factors except age. Conclusion: Children generally displayed low fear or anxiety levels in a dental outreach consisting of a non-invasive oral examination and preventive treatment in a familiar kindergarten setting. Conducting regular outreach dental services to kindergartens by providing oral examination and simple remineralisation therapies could be a promising strategy to not only control childhood caries, but also manage and reduce dental fear and encourage long term dental attendance in line with the medical model.

Objective structured practical examination (OSPE) as a tool in formative assessment of II MBBS students, in pathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Ranga Rao D. ◽  
Parameswari Babu U. ◽  
Kalyan Chakravarthy C. V. ◽  
Ramya N.
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Assessment ◽  
Practical Examination ◽  
Strongly Agree

Background: Assessment drives the student learning. Regular periodical assessment not only improves learning habits, but also enhances the competence in all levels of medical education. Traditional practical examination is more subjective. It depends on examiners subjectivity, varying difficulty level of various experiments, and also internal marks variation etc. These flaws can be overcome by newer methods like OSPE. The aim of the study was to implement OSPE as a tool of internal assessment for practical skills in the II MBBS. To compare this with traditional practical examination (TPE). To obtain the students and faculty feedback regarding OSPE as a tool of assessment.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out for 158 students in II internal pathology practical examination for six days in the second week of September 2016 at Department of Pathology, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha institute of medical sciences & Research Foundation, Chinnaoutpalli. Faculty and students were sensitized; blueprint were used to arrange twenty OSPE stations for the exercises conducted as per TPE and for the same 25 marks as per TPE. Simultaneously, all the students were subjected to both TPE and OSPE at the same time and venue. TPE was assessed by two professors and OSPE by separate eight faculty members independently without interaction with the students. The procedural stations were evaluated by using checklist and the response stations which consisted of short answers and MCQs, facilitated correction. Feedback was given to the student on their performance and feedback was obtained from the students and faculty regarding OSPE by questionnaire with Yes/No answers.Results: Performance score of students in OPSE (13.73 ±2.49) was higher as compared to TPE (9.27±1.86) which was statistically significant. Based on the response to the questionnaire, students perception towards OSPE was analyzed. Majority strongly agree OSPE to be fairer, more transparent and objective in comparison to TPE. In contrast, all the faculty members unanimously opined that OSPE was difficult to arrange, time taken and faculty versus students ratio was high for evaluation. Though, the faculty (91%) overall opined that OSPE should be included as a method of assessment.Conclusions: Present study revealed that OSPE was acceptable, feasible and reliable to the students as well as for faculty for the internal assessment in pathology. Opinions of both students and faculties strongly agreed that OPSE is more effective objective assessment tool.

scholarly journals Association of Plasma Level of Lithium with Clinical Effect in Bipolar Disorder at a Tertiary Center in Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
S Nepal ◽  
DP Sarraf ◽  
DD Baral ◽  
SK Mishra ◽  
RK Chaudhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
P Value ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Tertiary Center

Introduction: Lithium is widely used as the gold standard for the treatment of acute and maintenance treatment of Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD). Its therapeutic benefits are restricted by several adverse drug reactions (ADR). Therefore, it is necessary to measure its serum concentration for optimal dosing and clinical response and to minimize toxicity. The objectives of the study were to correlate dose of Lithium with its serum concentration and serum concentration of lithium with clinical effect. Material And Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in 213 patients presenting to psychiatric OPD, diagnosed with BPAD and taking Lithium monotherapy at least for 3 months. Data collection was done from 15th December 2018 to14th December 2019. Sociodemographic profile and relevant laboratory investigations were recorded on a self-designed proforma. Young Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression were applied for objective assessment of remission. Chi square test was used to correlate categorical data and ANOVA test was used for continuous data using SPSS at P-value of 0.05. Results: Majority of patients were male (51.6%), married (62.4%), Hindu (86.9%) and in remission phase (92%). Dose of lithium was 300-1200 mg/day; serum concentration was 0.26 to 1.51mmol/L, was in therapeutic range in majority of the patients (82.6%) and was positively correlated with the dose of lithium (P-value <0.0001). Conclusion: Lithium is very effective for maintenance therapy in BPAD with wide variation in dose and serum concentration. The dose of lithium should be guided both on the basis of clinical assessment and serum concentration.

scholarly journals MiniCex as an Assessment Tool of a Medical Course Internship Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Céres Larissa Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
Simone Appenzeller ◽  
Cezar Augusto Muniz Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Program Assessment ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Course Management ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract: Introduction: Program assessment is the process of data collection about a course or teaching program that takes into consideration the aspects of cost-effectiveness, checking the adequacy of the evaluation according to the course purpose and the program capacity to yield changes in real life. Such regular assessments provide feedback to the decision-making process that aim at better teaching and learning practices. The Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (MiniCex) is a performance rating scale designed to assess the skills that medical students and residents need in real-life situations with patients. Considering the importance of program assessment for an institution, the utilization of the MiniCex data might be of great value for the follow-up of students and the course, helping the planning process and generating improvements in the institution. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the program using MiniCex in the beginning of the medical internship, aiming to determine in what areas of the basic and pre-clinical course the students have more difficulties. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, using the retrospective data obtained by the MiniCex forms that were applied to the 9th-semester medical students, which correspond to the first semester of medical internship in the Federal University of Pará. A total of 111 students was assessed, among the 154 students eligible for internship, from August 2017 to July 2018. Results: Among the performed evaluations, with 97% being requested by the teachers, most of them (72%) were about new cases, and 45% and 38% had low or moderate complexity, respectively. There was a predominance of musculoskeletal system disorders (27.7%), followed by the gastrointestinal/hepatology system (14.8%). Concerning the skills in each domain, the performance was satisfactory in all of them. We observed that 12% of the students had difficulties in at least one area, followed by 6.3% of students with difficulties in 2 areas and 4.5% with an unsatisfactory performance in 3 or more areas. Conclusion: the MiniCex, when applied to internship students, showed to be a source of important and useful information, as part of a program assessment concerning the areas preceding the internship. The analysis of the obtained data was sent to teachers of the pre-internship, internship and course management areas. To the first ones, with the objective of reviewing their programs, detecting where they can intervene and, thus, make changes that aim a better acquisition of basic knowledge by the students and, consequently, improve their performance. To the second ones, to provide an overview of where they will have to focus their programs according to the needs of the medical students who reach the internship. Finally, to the course management, as a guide of what should be supervised by the professionals teaching the semesters that precede the internship.

scholarly journals Status of implementation of short answer question in anatomy examination of MBBS course in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Jesmin Akhter ◽  
Sharmina Sayeed
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Answer ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Short Answer Question ◽  
The University

Background and objective: Short answer question (SAQ) format has been introduced as a major component of summative professional examinations of MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery) course in Bangladesh over a decade. No systematic evaluation has yet been conducted on implementation of SAQ as directed in curriculum to assess the medical students in the summative examination of MBBS course. The present study assessed the weightage given to the different components of cognitive domain in SAQs in anatomy in first Professional MBBS Examination under the University of Dhaka. Materials and method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Ibrahim Medical College. Anatomy SAQ papers, Paper I and Paper II, from January 2009 to July 2014 of University of Dhaka were selected. A total of 24 SAQ papers containing 572 questions were included in this study. Every question in a paper was categorized as recall, understanding application types. Then the total number of marks allocated for each of the type of questions were calculated and compared with the total marks (98) allocated for the questions in a paper. Then the resultant weightage of marks were compared with the curricular directive weightage of marks allotted for SAQ. Result: On analysis it was found that during the period from 2009 to 2014 76.58% and 23.42% SAQ were recall and understanding types respectively. No question was found to assess the application component of the cognitive domain of the students. Conclusion: The study revealed that SAQ introduced as an assessment tool in undergraduate medical curriculum was not properly implemented and its desired objectives were not fully achieved. IMC J Med Sci 2018; 12(2): 69-72

scholarly journals Portrayal of Hearing Loss in YouTube Videos: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-459
Author(s):  
Vinaya Manchaiah ◽  
Monica L. Bellon-Harn ◽  
Itzel Mercado Godina ◽  
Eldré W. Beukes ◽  
Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
Content Popularity ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objective The objective of the current study was to examine the source, content, understandability, and actionability of hearing loss information on YouTube videos. Method The study used a cross-sectional design. One hundred of the most frequently viewed YouTube videos were identified, and various data were manually coded (i.e., video source, video content, popularity measures such as number of views, likes, and dislikes). In addition, the understandability and actionability of each video were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials rating scale. Results Of the 100 most viewed videos, 16 were created by consumers, 62 were professional created, and 22 were media based. Symptoms, causes, and treatment or management of hearing loss were the most frequently discussed content categories, with over 60% of all videos commenting on these areas. The overall understandability and actionability scores for the 100 videos included were 77% and 31%, respectively, indicating adequate understandability and poor actionability. Conclusions The YouTube videos on hearing loss focus on a range of issues. The poor actionability of these videos was a concern, as these videos may not lead to appropriate consumer actions in addressing their hearing loss. Efforts are needed to improve the quality and content of these videos to promote appropriate behavior change.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERILAKU CARING PERAWAT DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN PRE OPERASI KATARAK DI RUANG KENANGA RSUD dr. H. SOEWONDO KENDAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Dewi Nurahayu ◽  
Sulastri Sulastri
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caring Behaviors ◽  
Caring Behavior

Nurse caring behavior is an act of caring for nurses for patients to fulfill their basic needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nurses' caring behavior and the level of anxiety in pre-cataract surgery patients in the Kenanga room at the RSUD Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal. This research method is analytic with Cross Sectional approach. The sample in this study were 60 respondents, namely patients with cataract surgery with a age range of 50- 60 years old. The sampling technique in this study was accidental sampling. Data collection used the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and Caring Behavior Assessment Tool questionnaire. The results of univariate analysis showed that 66.7% of nurses 'caring behaviors were still in the low category and 55% of patients' anxiety levels were preoperative in the normal category. Bivariate analysis shows that the p-value is 0.001 (p <0.05). So that it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between nurses' caring behavior and the level of anxiety in pre-cataract surgery patients in the Kenanga room at the RSUD dr. H. Soewondo Kendal. Based on the results of the study, it was suggested that the Hospital improve caring nurses so that patients who would be able to surgery were able to reduce their anxiety, through the provision of caring regulations, time discipline, and sanctions for nurses who had low caring behavior.

scholarly journals Interpreting the Lancet surgical indicators in Somaliland: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e042968
Author(s):  
Shukri Dahir ◽  
Cesia F Cotache-Condor ◽  
Tessa Concepcion ◽  
Mubarak Mohamed ◽  
Dan Poenaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Surgical Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Surgical Workforce

BackgroundThe unmet burden of surgical care is high in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) proposed six indicators to guide the development of national plans for improving and monitoring access to essential surgical care. This study aimed to characterise the Somaliland surgical health system according to the LCoGS indicators and provide recommendations for next-step interventions.MethodsIn this cross-sectional nationwide study, the WHO’s Surgical Assessment Tool–Hospital Walkthrough and geographical mapping were used for data collection at 15 surgically capable hospitals. LCoGS indicators for preparedness was defined as access to timely surgery and specialist surgical workforce density (surgeons, anaesthesiologists and obstetricians/SAO), delivery was defined as surgical volume, and impact was defined as protection against impoverishment and catastrophic expenditure. Indicators were compared with the LCoGS goals and were stratified by region.ResultsThe healthcare system in Somaliland does not meet any of the six LCoGS targets for preparedness, delivery or impact. We estimate that only 19% of the population has timely access to essential surgery, less than the LCoGS goal of 80% coverage. The number of specialist SAO providers is 0.8 per 100 000, compared with an LCoGS goal of 20 SAO per 100 000. Surgical volume is 368 procedures per 100 000 people, while the LCoGS goal is 5000 procedures per 100 000. Protection against impoverishing expenditures was only 18% and against catastrophic expenditures 1%, both far below the LCoGS goal of 100% protection.ConclusionWe found several gaps in the surgical system in Somaliland using the LCoGS indicators and target goals. These metrics provide a broad view of current status and gaps in surgical care, and can be used as benchmarks of progress towards universal health coverage for the provision of safe, affordable, and timely surgical, obstetric and anaesthesia care in Somaliland.

scholarly journals Teachers and students opinion regarding updated MBBS curriculum 2012 in a teaching hospital.

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
NM Badhon ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
I Jahan ◽  
F Zaman ◽  
MI Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Teachers And Students

The modern concept of a curriculum originally derived from the Latin word for a race course. Undergraduate medical education is part of a continuum of education and training.The new curriculum is structured to provide a balance among learning opportunities through integrated teaching system.  This study was carried out to explore the views of teachers and students regarding the current undergraduate medical curriculum.  This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between October 2019 to October 2020 among the teachers and students of a private medical college and hospital (MH Samorita medical collegesandhospital) in Dhaka Bangladesh. The sample size were 100 in total.  Most of the participants suggested for changes in overall existing MBBS curriculum. Highest satisfaction was seen in content related to learning objectives that were 90% and highest dissatisfaction was seen in Phase distribution of subjects that were 89%.However, they were satisfied with present pattern of course content, objectives, evaluation system and carry on system. Teachers and students evaluation may prove useful if analyzed further to overcome the shortcomings of existing MBBS curriculum. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.13(1) January 2022: 27-32

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Asthma among Iranian Children and Adolescent: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Neda Rahimian ◽  
Mohammad Aghajanpour ◽  
Leila Jouybari ◽  
Pedram Ataee ◽  
Asadollah Fathollahpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iranian Children

Background. Asthma is an important reason for hospitalization in children aged under five years. Information about the current status of asthma in Iranian children can help the Iranian health sector plan carefully and prevent asthma incidence by educating the families. The present systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at estimating asthma prevalence in Iranian children and adolescents. Method. Data were found using keywords such as prevalence, epidemiology, asthma, adolescent, children, pediatrics, Iran in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Three national databases, including Magiran, Barakat Pharmed Co (Iran medex), and Scientific Information Databank (SID) were searched until 1 October 2020. Cross-sectional and original studies were included in the study, and then, quality assessment was done using the National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. A pooled estimated prevalence of asthma was calculated using Der Simonian-Laird random model. Egger’s test was used to evaluate publication bias. The data were analyzed using the STATA software version 16. Results. 30 studies were selected and investigated. The prevalence of asthma in children and adolescents was 6% and 8%, and the prevalence in boys and girls was 9% and 8%, respectively. Among the asthma symptoms, wheezing had the most prevalence (17% in children and 19% in adolescents) and sleep disturbance had the lowest prevalence (6% in children and 6% in adolescents). Conclusion. The prevalence of asthma in Iranian children and adolescents is lower than in the world. Existing strategies should be pursued followed. Also, guidelines for asthma control and prevention should be considered in the future.

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