Prevalence of Anaemia Based on Haemoglobin Levels among Under Five Years Children in Combined Military Hospital, Sylhet

Introduction: Anaemia is the commonest nutritional problem in the world but the burden of anaemia is disproportionately borne among children in developing countries. Physical, mental and social developments of the children are adversely affected by childhood anaemia. Objective: To assess the prevalence and severity of anaemia based on haemoglobin levels in children less than five years of age attending in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Sylhet. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at CMH, Sylhet from January 2018 to December 2018. The study included 184 children aged 6 months to less than 5 years. Personal data and history of co-existing medical conditions were collected by data collection sheet and then analyzed. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 74(40.2%). Out of the anaemic under five children, 46 (75.7%) had mild anaemia, 18(24.3%) had moderate anaemia, and no one had severe anaemia (WHO definition). There was no significant difference for prevalence of anaemia in relation to sex and age different groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in 6 months to less than 5 years children was found to be high, given the negative impact of anaemia on the development of children in future, so there is an urgent need for effective and efficient remedial health interventions. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 76-79

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Study of Antibiotic Sensitivity of Aural Swab and Aetiological Factors of Chronic Otitis Media-Active Mucosal Type

Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.3329/bjo.v27i2.56356 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 111-116

Author(s):

Md Nesar Uddin ◽

Mohammed Sirazul Islam ◽

Mohammad Delwar Hossen ◽

Mohammed Iftekharul Alam ◽

Mohammad Kamal Hossain

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Chronic Otitis Media ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Data Collection Sheet ◽

One Year ◽

Head Neck ◽

Middle Ear Cleft

Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) refers to chronic inflammation of mucoperiosteal lining of middle ear cleft resulting in aural discharge and deafness. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity and aetiological factors of COM. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 for duration of one year among the patients who attended with COM- active mucosal disease at Department of ENT & Head Neck Surgry, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Chattogram. Total 50 cases were isolated and among them 5 cases had been suffering from bilateral COM. Aural swab was taken from 55 ears and a predesigned data collection sheet was duly filled up with the information of socioeconomic status of the patient. The laboratory records of every case was systematically organized. The data were analyzed with simple manual analysis using percentage and frequency. Results: About 24% patients were in 31-40 years age group. Out of 50 patients 62% were male. 44% patient lived in barrack. Ear cleaning habit shows, 32% has got the cleaning habit with cloth and stick. Out of 50 patients 5 had bilateral COM. So out of 55 ears, Culture & sensitivity test viewed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most predominant organism - 41.8% followed by S. aureus- 30.9% Antibiotic sensitivity profile shows, 80% cases showing sensitivity to Amikacin then gentamycin-73.3% Resistant 5 cases showed 100% sensitivity to Tazobactum. Again out of 19 cases of Gram positive organism 78.9% were sensitive to Amoxyclav. 3 resistant cases showed 100% sensitivity to Meropenem. Conclusion: By studying this topic we hope to able to make an idea about the aetiological and predisposing factors and antibiotic sensitivity of COM-active mucosal variety. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 27(2): 111-116

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Parents’ perceptions of food intolerance among under-five children in Gianyar Bali

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi43.6.2003.226-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Endy P Prawirohartono ◽

Ni Made Yuni Gumala

Keyword(s):

Educational Status ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Food Intolerance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Food Elimination ◽

Basic Characteristics

Objective To estimate the proportion of food intolerance in chil-dren based on parents’ perception and to analyze factors associ-ated with food elimination.Methods A cross-sectional study was done among 250 mothersof under-five children in Gianyar District, Bali. Mothers were inter-viewed with a questionnaire concerning basic characteristics ofthe children, the family, a list of allergic diseases, disturbance afteringesting certain foods, food avoidance, the reason for eliminatingcertain foods, the person who gave advice, and probable parentalhistory of allergic diseases.Results Fifty-three children (21.2%) were suspected to have ‘prob-able allergic diseases’ and six (2.4%) had ‘probable food intoler-ance’. Food elimination was practiced in 27 (10.8%) families. ‘Prob-able allergic parents’ was found in 49 (19.6%) families. There wasa significant difference in child allergy in proportion to parentalallergy (x 2 test p<0.0001). Food elimination was not associatedwith parental allergies, children’s allergies or children’s ages (x 2test p=0.36, 0.47, and 0.56), but seemed to be related to loweducational status of mothers (x 2 test p<0.0001) and fathers(Fisher’s exact tests p< 0.0001).Conclusions The proportion of children with ‘probable allergic dis-eases’ was higher in families with ‘probable allergic parents’. Theproportion of food elimination was greater than the prevalence of‘probable food intolerance’. Low educational status of parentsplayed an important role in this discrepancy of food elimination inchildren

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Nutritional Status of Under Five Years Children in Rangpur Cantonment

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v15i2.50832 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 168-170

Author(s):

AKM Alamgir Hossain ◽

ASM Zulfiquer Ali ◽

Sayeda Nazrina ◽

Nusrat Hossain

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Weight Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Depth Study ◽

Children Welfare

Introduction: Nutrition is an important factor because of its role in preventing disease and infant survival and growth. Malnutrition and diseases are interlinked with each other and a great problem in all countries of the developing world. Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of the under five year's children in Rangpur Cantonment. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Children Welfare Centre (CWC) of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Rangpur from July to August 2018. A total of 50 under five years children were selected and a structured questionnaire was used keeping the focus on socioeconomic status, dietary habits, hygiene practices, and anthropometric indices of the children. Results: Out of 50 children, 60% were male and 40% were female. About 26% of children were in the 36 to 48 months of age group. About 50% were in the height group of >100 cm, 34.0% were in the height group of 91-100 cm, 16% were in the height group up to 90 cm, 48.0% were in the weight group of 12.1-16 kg, 34.0% were in the weight group of 16 kg, 10%were in the weight group of 10.1-12 kg and 8%were in the weight group below 10 kg. Conclusion: In this study, 20% of cases were stunted and 80% of cases were not stunted and no wasted case was found and the overall prevalence of malnutrition in the Rangpur cantonment was low. A further in-depth study is recommended to draw conclusive inferences. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 168-170

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Evaluation of Perceived Stress and Mental Health of Health Defenders in Military and Civilian Hospitals Infected with Corona Virus (COVID 19)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1030986/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir mohsen Rahnejat ◽

mohammadreza ghasemzadeh ◽

Arsia Taghva ◽

Vahid Donyavi ◽

Farnoosh Yari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Hospital Staff ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Psychological Resilience ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Considering the prevalence of coronavirus and its effect on mental health and increasing perceived stress, the aim of this study was to investigate the perceived stress and mental health of health defenders in military and civilian hospitals involved in treating patients with COVID 19. Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The available sampling method was done by sending online questionnaires of demographic characteristics, Goldberg general health and perceived stress (PSS). 323 health advocates were involved with virus patients. Through descriptive statistics, independent mean test, univariate analysis of variance and chi-square test were analyzed using SPSS 25 version. Results: the frequency of symptoms of mental disorder in military hospital staff (61.1%) and civilian hospital staff (50.7%) which indicates a significant difference between the two groups of employees (P <0.05); But there is no significant difference between the two groups in perceived stress.Conclusion: Considering the stressful period of COVID 19 pandemic, to reduce and prevent the psychological effects of this pandemic such as burnout, mental health problems, symptoms of persistent stress, providing psychological resilience interventions for treatment staff on the front lines of the crisis is one of the highest priorities during this epidemic.

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Comorbidity of TMD and malocclusion

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8657272 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. e191679

Author(s):

Beatriz Moraes D’Avilla ◽

Michelle Cristina Berbet Pimenta ◽

Vivian Fernades Furletti ◽

Mario Vedovello Filho ◽

Giovana Cherubini Venezian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Life Stress ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Wald Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Negative Effect

Aim: to evaluate the synergic impact of muscular TMD and malocclusion on quality of life, masticatory capacity and emotional features of young adults. Methods: this cross-sectional study comprised 4 groups (n= 15): G1, individuals without TMD or malocclusion; G2, with TMD and malocclusion; G3, with TMD and without malocclusion, and G4, without TMD and with malocclusion. Muscular TMD was diagnosed by RCD/TMD. Data included quality of life (OHIP-14), masticatory capacity test (X50), emotional stress (PSS-14), depression (MDI), pain intensity and salivary cortisol. Comparative statistical analysis included One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (X50, stress and cortisol) and GENMOD followed by Wald test (OHIP-14 and pain data). Fisher's and Pearson's association analysis were carried out. Results: Comorbidity of muscular TMD and malocclusion leads to significant lower masticatory capacity (p<0.05). TMD groups independently of the occlusal condition had considerably lower OHIP-14 scores and higher stress levels (self-perceived and hormonal) (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference of emotional depression among groups. A significant positive correlation was observed among quality of life, stress and pain perception. Conclusion: muscular TMD in the overlap of malocclusion potentializes their negative effect on masticatory capacity. In addition, the hindering effect of the comorbidity is variable, however, TMD has a greater negative impact on quality of life and stress, whilst malocclusion on mastication.

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Perception of doctors towards Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting: a cross sectional survey using a validated questionnaire

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20174786 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 2671 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nitin S. Kunnoor ◽

Sharanabasappa Singanal ◽

Lohit K.

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Quality Of Reporting ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Adr Reporting ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Several studies have shown lack of sufficient knowledge and awareness among doctors on ADR reporting. Knowledge and attitude of doctors about ADR greatly influences extent of reporting. Identifying factors affecting ADR-reporting is vital to enable Pharmacovigilance teams to implement interventions to enhance rate and quality of reporting of ADRs. Hence, this study is done to evaluate perceptions of doctors towards ADR-reporting and to determine barriers for reporting ADR.Methods: Cross sectional study conducted among doctors using a validated questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitude, practice and barriers for reporting ADRs. The questionnaire captured the demographic details, knowledge (14), attitudes (7) and practice pattern (4) towards pharmacovigilance. Descriptive statistics was used to assess the response among doctors.Results: Of 157 doctors who responded to questionnaire, 90% of doctors were aware of pharmacovigilance program mainly through PVG activities by AMC and pharmacology classes. Only 47% doctors reported ADRs. The composite score on knowledge of ADR reporting and on knowledge of ADR burden was found to be moderate. 90% doctors opined ADR monitoring in hospital should be mandatory. 83% doctors opined ADR reporting by one person can make significant difference to community. One-third doctors felt there should be financial reward for ADR-reporting. In suspected cases, 57% doctors include ADR as differential diagnosis. 61% doctors said they will document ADR in patient file and 78% reports to AMC. More than one-third doctors don’t know where and how to report ADR. One-third doctors felt management of patients was more important than reporting ADR. Nearly one-fourth didn’t report fearing legal liabilities, difficulty diagnosing ADR and negative impact on doctors.Conclusions: Knowledge about ADR-reporting and attitude towards it is adequate. But, because of many barriers, actual practice of ADR-reporting is unsatisfactory. Hence, Pharmacovigilance training is essential for doctors to promote and improve ADR-reporting.

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Hepatitis E Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Humans and pig in Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-992215/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Husein Bagulo ◽

Ayodele O. Majekodunmi ◽

Susan C. Welburn ◽

Langbong Bimi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Members ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Domestic Pigs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Significant Negative Impact

Abstract Background Although Hepatitis E has significant negative impact on the health and wellbeing of underprivileged populations, the burden of HEV in Ghana is still unclear, despite widespread conditions that predispose people to the risk of infection. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore rates of HEV exposure and active infection, as well as risk factors in humans and domestic pigs in Ghana. The study involved 1365 community members, 105 pig farmers and 474 domestic pigs from four administrative regions of Ghana. Results Results showed overall seroprevalence and actual prevalence of 12.4% and 0.7% in community members and 15.2% and 2.9% in pig farmers respectively. There was no significant difference in seroprevalence between the two groups (Z = 0.851; p = 0.395). However, the prevalence in pig farmers was significantly higher than in other community members (Z = 2.412; p = 0.016). Age (OR = 1.369, CI = 1.243 – 1.508; p = 0.0000), gender (OR = 1.419, CI = 1.101 – 1.991; p = 0.043), and the region of residence (OR = 1.569, CI = 1.348 – 1.827; p = 0.0000) were significant risk factors for HEV seroprevalence in a multivariate regression model.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of the Alarming Prevalence of Smoking Among Lebanese Physicians and Its Negative Impact on Promoting Cessation

International Journal of Clinical Research ◽

10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.46 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Ahmad Berjawi ◽

Mouhamad Nasser ◽

Wassim Nassreddine ◽

Amjad Kanj ◽

Abir Kojok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Rate ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽

Major Drawback ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of smoking among physicians. As physicians are on the front line caring for patients’ health, a detailed analysis of their smoking habits and its impact on counseling their patients to quit is warranted. So far, no study in Lebanon has addressed the real prevalence of physicians smoking and its impact on promoting cessation. This study aims to fill this purpose. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted using a web-based self-administered questionnaire was e-mailed to 4037 Lebanese physicians between November 2015 and February 2016. The questionnaire included 11 questions about basic sociodemographic information (age, gender, work province, specialty), smoking habits and attitude towards smoking cessation. SPSS was used for analysis. The main outcome was to calculate the percentage of physicians that smoke, its relationship to gender and age, and its impact on counseling their patients about smoking cessation. Results: 529 responders were analyzed (13.1% response rate). A high rate of physician ever-smokers was noted at 37% (n=195) whereas the prevalence of current smokers was 13% (n=70).. In addition, there was a difference in the gender of ever-smoking physicians where 47% of males were smokers compared to 20% of females only. Regarding the prevalence of smoking within different specialties, it was noted that 35% (n=74) of internal medicine physicians were ever-smokers compared to approximately 50% (n=51/102) of surgeons. There was a statistically significant difference between former-smokers and current-smokers in regards to how frequently they urge their patients to quit smoking. Conclusion: The high prevalence of smoking among Lebanese physicians is depicted and its negative impact on counseling patients to quit is a serious consequence. This is a major drawback in the fight against tobacco and further awareness may be needed among our future doctors to increase smoking cessation counseling and decrease the burden of smoking in Lebanon and worldwide.

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Nutritional status of underfive children of less privileged families in Medan

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi41.1.2001.11-8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Indra B. Hutagalung ◽

Bangun Lubis ◽

Ridwanto Ridwanto ◽

Hakimi Hakimi ◽

Endang D. Hamid

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Family

A cross sectional study was done on 94 under five children taken from Keluarga Pra-sejahtera (pre-prosperous family=-pre-PF) and Keluarga Sejahtera Tahap-1 (prosperous family phase-I=PF-I) in the East Medan subdistrict, municipality of Medan in period of August 1995 up to February 1996. The aim of the study was to measure nutritional status of under five children in both groups. There were 94 under five children in group of ore-PF and 94 under five children in group of PF-l. It was found that the nutritional status of both groups was significantly different. Significant difference was also noted when they were classified according to father's occupational status and father's education level. However when they were grouped according to maternal education, number of children in the family, and occurrence of disease in the previous month no significant difference was detected.

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Evaluation of Lifestyle and Some Biochemical Parameters Involved in Bone Health in Pre and Postmenopausal Cameroonian Women

International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review ◽

10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430150 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Gerard Nkeunen ◽

Tsafack Takadong Julie Judith ◽

Simo Gustave ◽

Betrand Ayuk Tambe ◽

Ayangma Celestin Roger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Bone Health ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Assessment Instrument ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risk Assessment Instrument ◽

Significant Difference

Aims: A healthy skeletal system with strong bones is essential to overall health. This study aimed to assess lifestyle and bone’s biomarkers of women. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The enrollment took place at the Yaounde Military Hospital from November 2016 to July 2017. Methodology: A set of 105 postmenopausal and 127 premenopausal participants were enrolled from November 2016 to July 2017 in Yaounde. Their physical activities level was evaluated using a questionnaire. Sunlight exposure between 10:00AM and 4:00PM was assessed. Colorimetric methods were used to evaluate calcium, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase activity in plasma. These parameters were then compared within year since menopause (YSM) and osteoporosis risk assessment instrument (ORAI) sub-groups. Results: 13.4% participants were moderately active. Only 22.8% participants had at least 30 minutes sun exposure daily. A multivariable analysis of demographic, lifestyle, biochemical characteristic revealed age, BMI, albumin and calcium were the main factors that influenced bone health among our participants. A significant difference of calcium concentration was found between the two groups whereas albumin was significantly higher in premenopausal than postmenopausal. Albumin was the only variable with a significant difference in the YSM sub-groups while only calcium was non-significantly higher among the ORAI sub-groups. Conclusion: Elevated plasma level of calcium, albumin and alkaline phosphatase could be indicators of high bone turnover.

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