Studies on the Sugar Accumulation and Carbohydrate Splitting Enzyme Levels in Post Harvested and Cold Stored Potatoes

Significant differences were found in sugar content and carbohydrate splitting enzyme activities in tubers of ten indigenous potato varieties at harvesting and after keeping at cold storage. The activities of invertase, amylase, β-galactosidase and cellulase in all varieties were found to be increased by 2-12, 1.2-4, 1.9-4.5, and 1.1-3.7 folds, respectively from harvesting to cold stored potatoes. The amount of starch and sucrose were found to be decreased by 1.15-2.8 and 1.02-1.4 folds, respectively from harvesting to cold stored in all varieties. Total soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents in potatoes were increased by 1.02-1.4 and 4-11 folds, respectively from harvesting to cold stored in all varieties of potatoes. The amount of reducing sugar increased in cold stored potatoes due to the increased activities of carbohydrate splitting enzymes. Key words: Potatoes, Indigenous, Carbohydrate splitting enzymes, Sugars. DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3748 J. bio-sci. 16: 95-99, 2008

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Biochemical and phytochemical evaluation of Stevia rebaudiana

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i1.27577 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 121-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Moniruzzaman Sohag Howlader ◽

Sheikh Rashel Ahmed ◽

Khadizatul Kubra ◽

Md Khairul Hassan Bhuiyan

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Total Soluble Sugar

The present study was aimed to evaluate biochemical and phytotochemical of dry leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Biochemical analysis indicated that Stevia leaves are a good source of carbohydrate and reducing sugar. Different extraction methods were used to prepare four different dry extracts (Extract A, B, C, D). Total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were analyzed for these four dry extracts and commercial Stevia powder. The highest amount of total soluble sugar (477 mg sugar g-1 dry extract) was obtained from extract C and higher amount of reducing sugar (82 mg g-1 dry extract) was obtained from extract D among the extracts. But commercial Stevia powder showed higher total soluble sugar content (754 mg g-1 dry powder) and highest amount of reducing sugar (98 mg g-1 dry extract) than all the extracted dry samples. The extraction process of dry extract C was feasible for the extraction of total soluble sugar. For the phytochemical screening, crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups and presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins that were identified. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds (92 mg) was recorded from methanolic extract of extraction B. The lowest amount of total phenolic compounds (36 mg) was recorded in ethanolic extract of extraction A. So, Methanol proved as best solvent to extract increased quantity of total phenolic compounds than other solvents.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 121-130

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Flowering, fruiting and physiology of apple tree under different irrigation levels in the Brazilian semiarid region

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v8i1.1761 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cíntia Martins De Oliveira ◽

Welson Lima Simões ◽

Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes ◽

José Bezerra Da Silva ◽

Emanoel Jurema Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Apple Tree ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Opposite Behavior ◽

Irrigation Levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels on flowering, fruit set, carbohydrate and protein content and gas exchange, of apple varietiesin the Brazilian semiarid region. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots with five replications and four plot irrigation levels (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo)) and the subplots with two cultivars (Juliet and Princess). As a result, it was found that the number of flowers (NFL), fruits (NFR), shoot percentage (SP) and fruit set (FS) were higher in cv. Juliet. The number of buds (NB) and the fertility index (FI) were higher in cv. Princess. With regard to metabolites, reducing sugar content (RS) had no significant effect among cultivars. The non-reducing sugar content (NRS), total soluble sugar (TSS) and total soluble proteins (TSP) were higher in cv. Princess. As for irrigation depths, TSP, sprouting, flowering and fruit set increased along with the amount of water applied, while the RS, NRS and TSS contents had the opposite behavior.

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The influence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis on total soluble-sugar concentration of infected alfalfa roots

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-086 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 647-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Richard ◽

J.-G. Martin

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Key Words ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Frost Tolerance ◽

Root Tissue ◽

Sugar Concentration ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Total Soluble Sugar

Alfalfa was inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis, and the total soluble-sugar concentration was determined in diseased taproots of cold-hardened plants. The concentration of soluble sugars decreased with increasing discoloration of root tissue (r = −0.85, P ≤ 0.0001). The low concentration of soluble sugars might be responsible for the previously reported low freezing tolerance of Fusarium-infected alfalfa. Key words: Alfalfa, Fusarium, sugars, frost tolerance

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Bioactive Compounds and Total Sugar Contents of Different Open-Pollinated Beetroot Genotypes Grown Organically

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25214884 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (21) ◽

pp. 4884

Author(s):

Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi ◽

Jens Hartung ◽

Michael Fleck ◽

Simone Graeff-Hoenninger

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Organic Production ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Soluble Sugar

The growing interest of consumers in healthy organic products has increased the attention to the organic production of beetroot. In this regard, six field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in three different locations under the specific conditions of organic agriculture, and fifteen beetroot genotypes, including one F1 hybrid as a commercial control and one breeding line, were compared regarding the content of the total dry matter, total soluble sugar, nitrate, betalain, and total phenolic compounds in order to investigate the genetic potential of new and existing open-pollinated genotypes of beetroot regarding the content of their bioactive compounds. The results of this study indicated a significant impact of genotype (p < 0.05) on all measured compounds. Furthermore, results revealed a significant influence of the interactions of location × year (p < 0.05) on the beetroot composition, and, thus, the role of environmental conditions for the formation of tested compounds. The total dry matter content (TDMC) of beetroots varied between 14.12% and 17.50%. The genotype ‘Nochowski’, which possessed the highest total soluble sugar content with 14.67 °Bx (Brix), was among the genotypes with the lowest nitrate content. On the contrary, the cylindrical-shaped genotype ‘Carillon RZ’ (Rijk Zwaan), indicated the lowest sugar content and the highest nitrate concentration. The amount of total phenolic compounds ranged between 352.46 ± 28.24 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of dry weight) and 489.06 ± 28.24 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW for the red-colored genotypes which is correlated with the high antioxidant capacity of the investigated genotypes. Due to the specifics of the required content of bioactive compounds for various products, the selection of suitable genotypes should be aligned with the intended final utilization.

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Changes in Soluble Sugar Accumulation and Activities of Sucrose-Metabolizing Enzymes during Fruit Ripening of Jackfruit

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n8p155 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Ying-zhi Li ◽

Xiao-qiang Duan ◽

Sheng-hui Liu ◽

Ying Li ◽

Xing-hai Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Ripening ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Sugar Metabolism ◽

Sugar Accumulation ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Sucrose Synthesis ◽

Sucrose Hydrolysis ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Changing Patterns ◽

Ripe Stage

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is an important food crop widely grown in the tropical region. However, little is known about sugar metabolism during fruit ripening of jackfruit. Here we examined sugar profiles (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and corresponding enzyme activities (SPS, E.C.2.4.1.14; SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13; IV, EC 3.2.1.26) of four soft type and four firm type varieties of jackfruit during four stages of fruit ripening. We found that during fruit ripening, there was a rapid increase in contents of total soluble sugar and sucrose, whereas increases in glucose and fructose contents were much slower. Ratios of glucose versus fructose varied among different varieties and ripening stages but within the range of 0.9 to 1.2 in the ripe fruits. Five of these varieties exhibited markedly high levels of SuSy activity for sucrose synthesis at early ripening stage, and then decreased towards fully ripe stage. All soft type varieties exhibited a conspicuous peak of AIV activity and had overall higher AIV activities than NIV during ripening. The changing patterns for other enzymes varied among varieties. Our studies support the notion that sucrose was the major sugar species contributing to the fruit sweetness, followed by fructose and glucose. We also demonstrated that AIV and NIV were probably the primary enzymes responsible for sucrose hydrolysis during ripening, while SPS and SuSy were responsible for sucrose synthesis. We propose that during fruit ripening of jackfruit, glucose is released from starch hydrolysis, followed by sucrose hydrolysis leading to increase in both glucose and fructose contents.

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Effect of N, P, K, and Mg application on yield and fruit Quality of mandarin (Citrus reticulata)

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16969 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 425-433

Author(s):

Shamima Nasreen ◽

R Ahmed ◽

MA Ullah ◽

MA Hoque

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Marginal Rate ◽

Piedmont Plain ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Total Soluble Sugar

The study was carried out at the farmer's field of Juri Upazilla, Maulavibazar District during 2008-2009, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012 to find out the proper combination of fertilizer nutrients that promotes better fruit yield and quality of mandarin (cv. Khashi Kamla). The treatments were Native nutrient i.e., control (TI), N150P50K150Mg30 (T2), N200P75K175Mg40 (T3), N250P100 K200Mg50 (T4), N300P125K225Mg60 (T5), and N200P75K175Mg0 (T6) g/plant/year. In addition, 20 kg cowdung/plant was used as blanket dose. Yield components, yield, and TSS content (%) of mandarin varied significantly due to variation of nutrients in all the test years. Fruit yield/plant was improved significantly with increase in NPK and Mg dose irrespective of years. Application of Mg in combination with NPK increased 17-157% mean fruit yield over magnesium control. Significantly the highest yield and yield attributes were recorded under treatment N300 P125 K225 Mg60 g/plant (T5) along with 20 kg cowdung/plant in all the years. Total soluble sugar (%) content was also maximum in trees receiving N300P125K225Mg30 g/plant. The highest gross margin and marginal rate of return were achieved by the same treatment (T5). The lowest fruit yield/plant was obtained from untreated control plot (native nutrient). Three years study revealed that application of N300P125K225Mg60 along with 20 kg cowdung/plant would be economically optimum for achieving higher yield and better fruit quality in mandarin grown under piedmont plain soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16969 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 425-433, September 2013

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Effect of Mechanical Damages and Storage Conditions on Quality of Markies cv. Potatoes for Processing

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v36i230231 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Dreice Nascimento Gonçalves ◽

Luciana Gomes Soares ◽

Ariana Mota Pereira ◽

Paula Acácia Silva Ramos ◽

Maria Eduarda Da Silva Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soluble Sugar ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

And Control ◽

And Storage

Aims: Evaluate whether mechanical damage and storage conditions affect the quality of the ‘Markies’ potato for processing. Study Design: The experimental design was the completely randomized, in the scheme of split-plots. The plots were composed of treatments with and without mechanical damage and the subplots were made up by the evaluation times, with 5 replicates, where the experimental unit was composed of 2 tubers. Place and Duration of Study: Tubers of the ‘Markies’ cultivar from the producing region of Perdizes, State of Minas Gerais, were planted in June 2016 and harvested in October 2016. Methodology: The tubers were stored for 2 months at 8°C, and further divided into treatment with damage, in which the tubers were subjected to impact and abrasion; and control treatment, in which the tubers were not damaged. After that, they were stored at 28°C and evaluated for their loss of loss of accumulated fresh mass (FML), total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugar (RS), non-reducing sugar (NRS) and color after frying in the periods of 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after being placed at room temperature. Results: The mechanical damage in the tubers increased FML, however, it did not affect the content of TSS, NRS, RS and color after frying. Increases were observed in the content of TSS and NRS after 12 h of evaluation. Grade 2 was assigned to the coloring scale after frying for the tubers regardless of treatment or evaluation period. Conclusion: Mechanical damage increases the FML and the ‘Markies’ cultivar is suitable for the industry of pre-fried potato processing even under the occurrence of mechanical damage and exposure to high temperatures.

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The high fruit soluble sugar content in wild Lycopersicon species and their hybrids with cultivars depends on sucrose import during ripening rather than on sucrose metabolism

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp05134 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 279 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

María E. Balibrea ◽

Cristina Martínez-Andújar ◽

Jesús Cuartero ◽

María C. Bolarín ◽

Francisco Pérez-Alfocea

Keyword(s):

Wild Species ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Sucrose Metabolism ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Metabolic Parameter ◽

Wild Relative ◽

Soluble Sugar Content ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

In The Wild

Soluble sugar content has been studied in relation to sucrose metabolism in the hexose-accumulating cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, the wild relative species Lycopersicon cheesmanii Riley, in the sucrose-accumulating wild relative species Lycopersicon chmielewskii Rick, Kesicky, Fobes & Holle. and in two hexose-accumulating interspecific F1 hybrids (L. esculentum × L. cheesmanii; L. esculentum × L. chmielewskii), cultivated under two irrigation regimes (control: EC = 2.1 and saline: EC = 8.4 dS m–1). Under control conditions the total soluble sugar content (as hexose equivalents) in the ripe fruits of L. cheesmanii was 3-fold higher than in L. esculentum, while L. chmielewskii and both F1 hybrids contained twice as much as the cultivar. With the exception of L. esculentum × L. cheesmanii, salinity increased the sugar content by 1.3 (wild species) and 1.7 times (cultivar and L. esculentum × L. chmielewskii) with respect to control fruits. Wild germplasm or salinity provided two different mechanisms for the increases in fruit sugar content. The hexoses accumulated in ripe fruits were strongly influenced by those accumulated at the start of ripening, but the hydrolysed starch before start of ripening only partially explained the final hexose levels and especially the increase under salinity. The early cell wall acid invertase and the late neutral invertase activities appeared to be related to the amount of hexoses accumulated in ripe fruits. However, no metabolic parameter was positively related to the amount of sugar accumulated (including sucrose). The major differences between genotypes appeared in ripe fruits, in which up to 50% of the total amount of sugars accumulated in the wild species (mainly in L. cheesmanii) and hybrids cannot be explained by the sugars accumulated and the starch hydrolysed before the start of ripening stage. As a consequence, the higher fruit quality of the wild species compared with L. esculentum may depend more on the continuation of sucrose import during ripening than on osmotic or metabolic particularities such as the hexose / sucrose-accumulator character or specific enzyme activities.

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Senescence-Specific Expression of RAmy1A Accelerates Non-structural Carbohydrate Remobilization and Grain Filling in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.647574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ning Ouyang ◽

Xuewu Sun ◽

Yanning Tan ◽

Zhizhong Sun ◽

Dong Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Transgenic Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Transgenic Lines

Remobilization of pre-anthesis NSCs (non-structural carbohydrates) is significant for effective grain filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, abundant starch particles as an important component of NSCs are still present in the leaf sheath and stem at the late stage of grain filling. There are no studies on how bioengineering techniques can be used to improve the efficiency of NSC remobilization. In this study, RAmy1A was expressed under the senescence-specific promoter of SAG12, which was designed to degrade starch in the leaf sheath and stem during grain filling. RAmy1A mRNA successfully accumulated in the leaf, stem, and sheath of transgenic plants after anthesis. At the same time, the starch and total soluble sugar content in the leaf, stem, and leaf sheath were obviously decreased during the grain-filling period. The photosynthetic rate of transgenic lines was higher than that of the wild types by an average of 4.0 and 9.9%, at 5 and 10 days after flowering, respectively. In addition, the grain-filling rate of transgenic lines was faster than that of the wild types by an average of 26.09%. These results indicate an enhanced transport efficiency of NSCs from source tissues in transgenic rice. Transgenic rice also displayed accelerated leaf senescence, which was hypothesized to contribute to decreased grain weight.

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Periodic addition of anaerobic sludge enhanced the lignocellulosic degradation rate during co-composting of oil palm biomass

Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ◽

10.35118/apjmbb.2018.026.3.01 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Muhamad Yusuf Hasan ◽

Mohd Ali Hassan ◽

Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar ◽

Azni Idris ◽

Yoshihito Shirai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Water Addition ◽

Moisture Control ◽

Microbial Dna ◽

Fibre Analysis

The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of the controlled periodic addition of anaerobic sludge during composting to increase amount of microbial DNA, which appears to be correlated to soluble sugar content which may relate to rate of lignocellulosic degradation. In this study, the composting of pressed-shredded oil palm empty fruit bunch with the periodic addition of palm oil mill effluent anaerobic sludge for moisture control in a newly designed in-vessel type composter was carried out. A control experiment was also conducted over the same period but with the periodic addition of water for moisture control instead of the anaerobic sludge. The lignocellulosic composition and the reducing sugar content were determined via fibre analysis and the spectrophotometric method respectively. The bacterial profile throughout the composting process was quantified by using qPCR. The growth of bacteria reached its peak at 48°C and the degradation of lignocellulose was highest during the thermophilic stage. The highest content of reducing sugar coincided with the highest degradation rate of lignocellulose and the highest DNA copy number during the thermophilic stage. Under the controlled experimental condition of increasing the microbial community, the composting was accelerated to 2.07% OM degradation per day compared to the water addition control at 0.60% OM per day.

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