scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from outdoor patients in Dhaka city: a single center study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Most Salma Khatun ◽  
Saimun Nahar ◽  
Md Shahidul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Female Patients

Bacterial infections are often found to cause morbidity and mortality around the globe. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic for treatment of such infections is reported to cause selective pressure and increase in drug resistance. Emergence of antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for people of all age having bacterial infections. It is important to determine the trend of antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples for appropriate treatment of patients. A retrospective study was conducted on patient samples collected from 1 July 2018 to 15 March 2019. A total of 500 urine, 136 blood, 120 stool, 172 swab, 90 Sputum and 60 pus samples were randomly collected from both male and female patients of different age groups who reported to a diagnostic centre in Dhaka city. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from the collected samples following standard methods. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated bacteria were also determined by disc diffusion test. Proportion of UTI in female patients (71.67%) was found to be higher than the male (28.33%) patients and mostly caused by Escherichia coli (73.33%). Among Gram negative bacteria, E. coli (51%) was found to be predominant followed by Pseudomonas spp. (11.47%), Klebsiella (9.84%) and Salmonella Typhi (9.84%). Among Gram positive organism Staphylococcus aureus (9.0%), beta haemolytic streptococci (5.74%) and enterococci (3.28%) were found to be present. Among the tested antibiotics imipenem was found to be the most effective (93.02%) followed by gentamycin (76.03%) against all isolated bacteria. Amoxycillin was found to be least effective (21.29%) against all isolated bacteria. Increase in antibiotic resistance was possibly due to indiscriminate use of antibiotic for treatment of various infections. Prudent use of antimicrobial drugs will help reduce spread of resistant bacteria and complication of treatment of infected patients. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 1-4

scholarly journals Determination of antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from shrimp and shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽  
Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib ◽  
Sunny Hei Wong ◽  
Kok-Gan Chan ◽  
Learn-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Plasmid Profiling

High consumer demand for seafood has led to the need for large-scale, reliable supply through aquaculture farming. However, bacterial infections - which can spread rapidly among the dense farming area pose a major threat to this industry. The farmers therefore often resort to extensive use of antibiotics, both prophylactically and therapeutically, in order to protect their stocks. The extensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture has been postulated to represent a major contributing factor in the rising incidence of antimicrobial resistant pathogenic bacteria in seafood; which may then lead to the spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the environment as well as posing a significant threat to human health. This study aimed to characterize antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from shrimp and shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia. The antibiotic susceptibility of 385 V. parahaemolyticus isolates was investigated against 14 antibiotics followed by plasmid profiling and plasmid curing to determine the antibiotic mediation. A large number of isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (85%), amikacin (66.8%), and kanamycin (50.1%). A notable resistance pattern was also observed to the third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime 55.8% and ceftazidime 34%). Only 338 V. parahaemolyticus isolates had 1-7 different plasmids and could be categorized into 27 patterns based on the number and pattern of plasmid present. Interestingly, there was no correlation between the number of plasmids and antibiotic resistant patterns seen in the isolates. The antibiotic resistance was mediated by both chromosomal and plasmid mediation among the resistant isolates. In summary, our results demonstrate that incidence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in seafood in Selangor remains in relatively assuring levels, however the identification of antibiotic resistance among the isolates does rises a public health concern and warrants for continuous surveillance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogenic Gram negative bacteria isolated from UTI patients in Sirajganj district

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Fouzia Ferdows Khan Chowdhury ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Md Shahidul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of illness in people of all age groups. The increasing trend of antibiotic resistance is now a concern worldwide. The present study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram negative pathogenic isolated from UTI cases in Sirajganj district. A total of 297 uropathogens were included in this study of which 66 (22.2%) were isolated from male patients and 231 (77.8%) from female patients. Escherichia coli (52.9%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.9%), Proteus spp. (4.7%), Psudomonas spp. (4.4%), Enterobacter spp. (2.4%), Citrobacter spp. (3%) and Morganella spp. (5.7%). Most of the uropathogens were resistant against Ampicillin (AMP). Meropenem was the most effective antibiotic with resistance between 0 and 15.1% of the tested isolates. However, the trend of antibiotic resistance can vary with the change in the environmental and socioeconomic conditions. Accurate diagnosis of UTI and determination of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is important for selection of appropriate drug for effective treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22746 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 17-20

scholarly journals Anti-plasmid activity of Chlorpromazine in types of antibiotics resistant pathogenic bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Qasim ◽  
Muhsin Ayoub Essa
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bacteria Resistance ◽  
New Strategies

This study was performed to evaluate the ability of chlorpromazine compound to cure the plasmids and remove the antibiotic resistance character of multidrug resistance Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The curing experiment was done by incubating bacterial strains in nutrient broth with sub MIC concentration of chlorpromazine, and the disc diffusion method was used before and after curing to evaluate antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria. Synergetic test of chlorpromazine with antibiotics that the studied bacteria showed resistance toward also done. The results showed the ability of chlorpromazine to remove the plasmids from four bacterial genera out of five genera, where the most plasmid removal cases was with E.cloacae, P.aeruginosa, and P.merabilis, and the loss of antibiotics resistance was observed in the same bacterial genera, but P.merabilis showed the most antibiotics resistance losing by three antibiotics out of nine antibiotics that the bacteria were resistant to them before curing. As for the synergistic effect, the compound showed a synergism with only two antibiotic and with the three aforementioned bacterial genera. From results of this study we concluded the possibility of removing bacteria resistance to antibiotics by eliminating plasmids through using chlorpromazine, and the possibility of using this compound in synergism with antibiotics, this will open the way to find new strategies  to treat many diseases caused by resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Bacterial Infections and Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Reta ◽  
Abebaw Bitew Kifilie ◽  
Abeba Mengist
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Open Access Journals

Background. Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge in the public health sector and also a major challenge in Ethiopia. It is truly difficult to report bacterial antibiotic resistance pattern in Ethiopia due to the absence of a review which is done comprehensively. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the works of literature on the antibiotic resistance pattern of the specific bacterial isolates that can be obtained from different clinical samples in the context of Ethiopia. Materials and Methods. A web-based search using PubMed, Google Scholar, Hinari, Sci Hub, Scopus and the Directory of Open Access Journals was conducted from April to May 2018 for published studies without restriction in the year of publication. Works of literature potentially relevant to the study were identified by Boolean search technique using various keywords: Bacterial infection, antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistance, drug resistance, drug susceptibility, anti-bacterial resistance, Ethiopia. Study that perform susceptibility test from animal or healthy source using <10 isolates and methods other than prospective cross-sectional were excluded. Results. The database search delivered a total of 3459 studies. After amendment for duplicates and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 articles were found suitable for the systematic review. All studies were prospective cross-sectional in nature. The review encompasses 12 gram-positive and 15 gram-negative bacteria with their resistance pattern for around 12 antibiotics. It covers most of the regions which are found in Ethiopia. The resistance pattern of the isolates ranged from 0% up to 100%. The overall resistance of M. tuberculosis for antituberculosis drugs ranges from 0% up to 32.6%. The percentage of resistance increases among previously treated tuberculosis cases. Neisseria gonorrhea, S. typhimurium, S. Virchow, Group A Streptococci (GAS), and Group B Streptococci (GBS) were highly susceptible for most of the tested antibiotics. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was highly resistant to most of the antibiotics with a slightly increased susceptibility to gentamycin. Conclusions. Total bacterial isolates obtained from a different source of sample and geographic areas were 28, including M. tuberculosis. Majority of the bacterial isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. A continuous monitoring and studies on the multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates are important measures.

scholarly journals Incidence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria in vegetable items sold by local and super shops in Dhaka city

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kabir ◽  
Ashish Kumar Das ◽  
Md Shahidul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Vegetable Samples

The present study was carried out to investigate the microbiological quality and antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria isolated from vegetable samples. A total of 14 vegetable samples, 7 from local and 7 from super shops, were randomly collected from different locations of Dhaka city. Concentrations of total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform, faecal coliform, Pseudomonas spp., Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were enumerated from each sample by serial dilution and spread plate technique. Presence of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio spp. were determined by enrichment and selective plating methods. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the isolated bacteria were determined using Imipenem (10 ?g), Ceftriaxone (30 ?g), Sulphamethoxazole (25 ?g), Ampicillin (10 ?g), Gentamicin (10 ?g), Aztreonam (30 ?g), Cefuroxime (30 ?g) and Oxacillin (5 ?g) antibiotic discs. The local market vegetables showed higher proportions of E. coli (4/7, 57.14%) but the super shop vegetables showed higher proportions of Pseudomonas spp. (5/7, 71.42%) and Listeria spp. (5/7, 71.42%). Pathogenic bacteria isolated form the super shops showed increased resistance against (5/8, 62.5%) antibiotics tested against the pathogenic bacteria. Contamination of vegetables by a range of pathogenic bacteria in local and super market vegetables is a serious threat to public health if they are consumed raw or unprocessed. Higher antibiotic resistance in pathogens isolated form supermarket vegetables needs to be investigated in order to monitor and control spread of infections with drug resistant bacteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v4i1.22755 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.4(1) 2014: 13-18

scholarly journals Presence of blaCTX-M antibiotic resistance gene in Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Hirschsprung diseased infants with stoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umama Khan ◽  
Sadia Afsana ◽  
Maria Kibtia ◽  
Mahboob Hossain ◽  
Naiyyum Choudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Introduction: Although antibiotics have revolutionized health care by saving lives, the evolution of both pathogenic and commensal antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging as a threat in the health sector. As for Lactobacillus spp., it is usually a non-pathogenic bacteria. However, it can cause infection in immunocompromised condition. In this study, Lactobacillus spp. has been isolated from the faeces of infants with Hirschsprung disease (HD), which is congenital aganglionosis of intestine, where surgical approach and antibiotics are frequently used as medical intervention. The aim of this study is to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern and determine the presence of resistance genes, if any, in Lactobacillus spp. isolated from HD infants with ileostomy. Methodology: Six Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from faeces of six HD infants and confirmed using both conventional and molecular methods. Antibiotic resistance pattern was checked through disc diffusion method and was further investigated for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-2, blaIMP, blaVIM-2, blaNDM-1 and mcr-1). Results: Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates showed high level of resistance towards cephalosporins, oxacillin, aztreonam, meropenem and polymyxin group. However, four of the isolates showed the presence of blaCTX-M gene after PCR amplification. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of antibiotic resistance gene blaCTX-M in Lactobacillus spp. and this presence may pose a serious threat in treatment regimen. As not much is known regarding the presence of blaCTX-M in Lactobacillus spp., this finding may provide new light to research on antibiotic resistance in gut microflora.

Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Patients Referred to Amiralmomenin Hospital of Gerash City in 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Rezaee ◽  
Seyed Adnan Kashfi ◽  
Parisa Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Aims: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common human infections seen in all age groups and both sexes. Inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat urinary tract infection causes the resistance of the pathogens to the drug. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and antibiotic resistance patterns in patients with urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods: Samples were cultured on Blood Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue. Colonieschr('39') growth was identified by biochemical tests and standard microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity tests, which were performed with the disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2016 Standard. Results and Conclusion: The isolated bacteria showed the highest susceptibility to imipenem (89.66%) and meropenem (87.21%) and the highest resistance to sulfamethoxazole (50.00%) and nalidixic acid (44.09%). So, using imipenem is recommended as the most effective antibiotic for the treatment of infection.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiles of Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli O157: H7 Isolates from Ready to Eat Chicken Meat in Ibadan-Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Hephzibah Ajulo ◽  
Olusola Victoria Adetunji ◽  
Olugbenga Matthew Ajulo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Background: The global increase in the use of antibiotics in poultry and livestock production has significantly resulted in the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. There is a growing global concern of the effect of antibiotic resistance on both animals and humans. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli 0157:H7 in ready to eat chicken meat in Ibadan, Nigeria. Method: A set of 500 pieces of chicken parts were purchased from sampled eateries in Ibadan, Nigeria. Standard microbiological techniques were used to isolate Salmonella and E. coli biochemically and serologically. All confirmed isolates were subjected to in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing against 8 antibiotics of different classes of Gram negative antimicrobial-impregnated multidisks (ABTEK) Result: The resistance pattern revealed E. coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella isolates were resistant to 5 drugs namely; Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Augmentin, Nitrofurantoin and Ampicillin. Highest resistance of E. coli isolates to Augmentin and Ampicillin were indicated both having a frequency of 11 (84.6%) and least resistance to Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin 0 (0.00%) were indicated. Three antibiotics that showed 100% sensitivity by all the isolates were Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin. Conclusion: The study revealed that Isolated E. coli and Salmonella strains from ready to eat chicken parts were resistant to five antibiotics; Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Augmentin, Nitrofurantoin and Ampicillin and very susceptible to three antibiotics namely; Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin.

scholarly journals Assessing the Molecular Targets and Mode of Action of Furanone C-30 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Victor Markus ◽  
Karina Golberg ◽  
Kerem Teralı ◽  
Nazmi Ozer ◽  
Esti Kramarsky-Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
C 30

Quorum sensing (QS), a sophisticated system of bacterial communication that depends on population density, is employed by many pathogenic bacteria to regulate virulence. In view of the current reality of antibiotic resistance, it is expected that interfering with QS can address bacterial pathogenicity without stimulating the incidence of resistance. Thus, harnessing QS inhibitors has been considered a promising approach to overriding bacterial infections and combating antibiotic resistance that has become a major threat to public healthcare around the globe. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most frequent multidrug-resistant bacteria that utilize QS to control virulence. Many natural compounds, including furanones, have demonstrated strong inhibitory effects on several pathogens via blocking or attenuating QS. While the natural furanones show no activity against P. aeruginosa, furanone C-30, a brominated derivative of natural furanone compounds, has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of the QS system of the notorious opportunistic pathogen. In the present study, we assess the molecular targets and mode of action of furanone C-30 on P. aeruginosa QS system. Our results suggest that furanone C-30 binds to LasR at the ligand-binding site but fails to establish interactions with the residues crucial for the protein’s productive conformational changes and folding, thus rendering the protein dysfunctional. We also show that furanone C-30 inhibits RhlR, independent of LasR, suggesting a complex mechanism for the agent beyond what is known to date.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Neonates with Bacterial Sepsis and Their Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Karuna D. Sagili ◽  
Wai Wai Han ◽  
Henish Shakya ◽  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional

Globally, antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from neonatal sepsis is increasing. In this cross-sectional study conducted at a medical college teaching hospital in Nepal, we assessed the antibiotic resistance levels in bacteria cultured from neonates with sepsis and their in-hospital treatment outcomes. We extracted data of neonates with sepsis admitted for in-patient care from June 2018 to December 2019 by reviewing hospital records of the neonatal intensive care unit and microbiology department. A total of 308 neonates with sepsis were admitted of which, blood bacterial culture antibiotic sensitivity reports were available for 298 neonates. Twenty neonates (7%) had bacteriologic culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. The most common bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (8), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5). Most of these bacteria were resistant to at least one first-line antibiotic used to manage neonatal sepsis. Overall, there were 7 (2%) deaths among the 308 neonates (none of them from the bacterial culture-positive group), and 53 (17%) neonates had left the hospital against medical advice (LAMA). Improving hospital procedures to isolate bacteria in neonates with sepsis, undertaking measures to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and addressing LAMA’s reasons are urgently needed.

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