scholarly journals All Members of a Single Family including a 5-Months Old Infant having Tuberculosis - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
EUA Chowdhury ◽  
MN Huq ◽  
F Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

Introduction : The incidence and number of tuberculosis (TB) cases have been increased dramatically all over the world. It is a major public health problem in Bangladesh too. Case Summary : A 5-months old male infant, immunized as per EPI schedule, 3rd issue of a nonconsanguinous parents residence at downtown, Dhaka from a poor socioeconomic background was admitted into the Paediatrics ward, Bangladesh Medical College Hospital on 11th March 2004 with fever for 1 month, dry cough for 21 days, loose motion and vomiting for 14 days. He was weaned from breast milk at 3 months of his age and there was gross malfeeding history. BCG vaccine was given at 6 weeks. His mother had also been suffering from recurrent febrile illnesses and weight loss for many months. Baby was looking ill but conscious, mildly pale, afebrile with no dyspnoea. Z score of wt/age, lth/age, wt/lth and OFC were -2.9, -3.5, -0.3 and -0.3 respectively. Fontanel was open and normal. There was no lymphadenopathy and BCG mark was present. Breath sound was vesicular with fine crepitation on right lung. He was treated initially as septicemia by combined parenteral antibiotics. But response was not satisfactory. Lab data yielded raised ESR, eosinophillia, pyuria and haematuria with sterile culture. Chest X ray was abnormal. Mantoux Test (MT) was found strongly positive (18mm/72hrs.). Other family members were immediately screened for TB and all revealed positive. Complete Blood Count, MT and Chest X ray were chosen as screening methods for them. We treated with anti tubercular therapy to all of them including baby. We also corrected the feeding practice of the patient and kept in close monitoring. He showed remarkable clinical improvement with weight gaining. We discharged him as disseminated tuberculosis with having pulmonary tuberculosis among all other family members and advised for follow up. They all were cured. At present, they are healthy and baby is now 4 years of age with good physical and mental growth. Conclusion : TB can mimic everything. A high index of suspicion by the clinician is essential for early diagnosis. Message: Family members of affected child must be screened for active TB Keywords : Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis in infant; Pan family tuberculosis. DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v6i2.3056 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2009 VI (2) 38-42

Spectrum and Correlation of Clinical, Radiological and Biochemical Parameters in Tuberculosis in a Hospital in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 410-414
Author(s):  
Anirudha Sharma ◽  
Swati Vijapurkar ◽  
Siddharth Gosavi ◽  
Samarth Samgamesh ◽  
Aishwarya E ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Chest X Ray

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in India. TB worsens glycaemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), complicating the treatment for each condition leading to poor treatment outcomes and increase in morbidity / mortality. Human immunodeficiency virus - tuberculosis (HIV-TB) coinfections are on the rise. The objectives of the study were to describe various comorbidities in patients with tuberculosis, determine expected radiological presentations in these patients and to determine prognosis altering metabolic indicators in patients with TB. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study using data of 40 microbiologically diagnosed TB patients admitted in wards of C.G. Hospital, JJM Medical College, Davangere, from January to March 2020 was done. Chest x-rays, clinical and haematological tests were analysed. RESULTS TB patients with DM, kidney disease, HIV presented with higher count of fibrosis, cavities and infiltrates on chest radiographs, and was worse with renal function. Hospitalisation was prolonged in patients with anaemia, multidrug-resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB), urosepsis, and HIV as compared to patients with no comorbidities. MDR-TB showed more fibrosis. Patients with urosepsis had higher incidence of multiple lesions and effusion by 4 times. CONCLUSIONS Increased HbA1c and sugar levels lead to increase in lesions on chest x-ray in tuberculosis. Good glycaemic control in TB is a must to achieve good control of DM and reduce hospitalisation. KEYWORDS Tuberculosis, Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c, Chest X-Ray

scholarly journals High resolution computed tomography and chest x-ray findings in patient with pulmonary tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Chiranjibi Pant ◽  
Anusmriti Pal ◽  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Bishow Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is a major public health problem in Nepal. Diag­nosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is done by bacteriological confirmation of respiratory speci­men however Negative smear needs clinical and radiological evaluation for the diagnosis in suspected patient. This study focuses on radiological findings in both Pulmonary bacterio­logically confirmed (PBC) and pulmonary clinically diagnosed (PCD) Tuberculosis. Methods: This observational study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College between Feb 2019 to July 2019. 45 Patient diagnosed with PTB were enrolled. Chest X-ray (CXR) and High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) chest reports were analysed for the presence of findings that suggest active infection like cavity, consolidation, tree in bud, etc in PBC and PCD. Results: A total of 45 PTB patients with mean age: 54.60 ± 19 years were included. 53.3 % were PBC and 46.7 % were PCD tuberculosis, CXR findings in PBC and PCD tuberculosis was nodular infiltrate 45.8% versus 2.4%, consolidation 45% versus 42.9%, cavity 8.3% versus 14.3% respectively however 12.5% PBC tuberculosis patient had a normal chest x-ray. HRCT chest in PBC and PCD showed cavity in 45.8% versus 23%, tree in bud 25% versus 52.4%, con­solidation 62.5 versus 57.1%, ground glass opacity 29.2% versus 23.8% respectively and none of the HRCT chest was normal. In comparison to the CXR, HRCT chest shows more cavitary lesions in PBC and tree in bud was more common in PCD. Conclusions: This study has found that radiological findings suggestive of active PTB was more obvious in HRCT than CXR. Presence of cavity, lobar consolidation and tree in bud lesion in HRCT chest were more frequently observed in both PBC and PCD Tuberculosis.

Perforazione ileale da febbre tifoide

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 280-282
Author(s):  
Margherita Piqué ◽  
Elisabetta Ladisa ◽  
Luca Brasili ◽  
Giovanni Putoto ◽  
Lorenzo Iughetti
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
General Malaise ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Typhoid fever continues to be a major public health problem in developing countries and mortality is mainly related to its most frequent complication, namely: intestinal perforation. The paper presents the case of a 12-year-old girl with abdominal pain associated with watery diarrhoea, vomiting, fever and general malaise for two weeks. Typhoid fever was suspected, therefore therapy with ceftriaxone was started. Clinical conditions were worsening, so X-ray of the abdomen was performed with evidence of hydro-aerial levels and ultrasound showing abundant non-homogeneous echogenic material in the pelvic cavity, consistent with purulent ascites. Exploratory laparotomy was performed showing an isolated perforation of the ileus, which was sutured. In the postoperative period, antibiotic therapy was boosted with metronidazole and gentamicin. Due to the wound dehiscence, surgical revision with secondary tension sutures was necessary.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ABG PATTERN IN PATIENTS OF COPD WITH OR WITHOUT COR PULMONALE

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Md Shoeb Alam ◽  
Rahul Ranjan ◽  
V N Jha
Keyword(s):  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cor Pulmonale ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem. COR PULMONALE describes the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased vascular resistance or increased pulmonary artery pressure. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD can cause an increase in right ventricular (RV) after load, which in turn, results in RVfailure leading to COR PULMONALE AIM:The purpose of the study is to compare the ABG pattern in patients of COPD with or without COR PULMONALE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine of DMCH, Laheriasarai, Bihar. The study was conducted with duration of 2 years. Atotal of 100 patients admitted as a case of COPD with or without COR PULMONALE. The patients were put into two subgroups, COPD with and without COR PULMONALE. RESULT: The mean duration was 10.17 years and 9.20 years respectively in patients with and without COR PULMONALE. There was no statistically signicant difference regarding mean duration of disease (p value =0.304). Mean CAT score was 16.59 ± 6.26 and mean mMRC was 3.19± 0.45 in COPD patients with COR PULMONALE group. Mean CAT score was 14.06 ± 4.46 and mean mMRC was 3.10 ± 0.44 in COPD patients without COR PULMONALE group. We found no signicant difference among these variables between groups. Although COR PULMONALE patients had higher CATscore and mMRC score, the difference was not signicant (p value = >0.05). CONCLUSION:ABG ANALYSIS should be recommended for all patients of COPD with or without COR PULMONALE to assess the degree of hypoxemia, hypercapnea, respiratory acidosis and also, we can identify individuals who need more close monitoring and intensive treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of STHs (Soil transmitted helminthes) of school children in Sadar upazila, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Md Mahamudur Rahman ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
Shyamal Kumar Paul ◽  
Salma Ahmed ◽  
Md Murshed Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Mcmaster Method

Soil transmitted helminthes (STHs) infections are common throughout the tropics and subtropics and represents a major public health problem in developing countries. The rate of STHs infection found in the present study was very high in comparison to other countries of this Subcontinent, though they are taking antihelmintics every 6 months interval under Government National Health Program. The present study was carried out to see the Prevalence of STHs infection among the school children in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total of 500 stool samples from healthy individuals were collected during April, 2012 to February, 2013 from 20 schools comprising 10 rural and 10 urbans under Sadar upazila, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The samples were examined in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College using saline and iodine preparation microscopy and McMaster technique for the detection of ova of STHs.  The STHs prevalence irrespective of the age and sex of the individuals were 37.0% (185) out of 500 specimens where 68.0% (340/500) individuals were male represents the prevalence 38.0% (129/340) and 32.0% (160/500) individuals were female represents the prevalence 35.0% (56/160). Majority of the cases belonged to the age group >5-10 years 50.2% (251/500) of the total, constituted the prevalence 20.2% (101/500) of the total population and 40.2% (101/251) of the individual age group. The distribution of different STHs with their prevalence in the study population where Ascaris lumbricoides (AL) was 63.8% (118), Trichuris trichiura (TT) 37.3% (69), Enterobius vermicularis (EV) 8.1% (15), Ancylostoma duodenale (AD) 7.5% (14), and mixed infection was 15.1% (28). The upper socio-economic class constituted 5.0% (25/500) of the total study population with the prevalence of 20.0% (5/25). The middle socio-economic class constituted 50.0% (250/500) of the total study population with the prevalence of 37.2% (93/250) and the lower socio-economic class constituted 45.0% (225/500) of the total study population with the prevalence of 38.6% (87/225). The urban population constituted 34.0% (170/500) of the total population representing the prevalence 31.2 % (53/170) and rural population constituted 66.0% (330/500) of the total population representing the prevalence 40.0% (132/330).  In this study, STHs detection by McMaster method was satisfactory. Thereby, McMaster method could be adapted for rapid detection and quantification of STHs. Moreover, one more frequent administration of antihelmintics with close monitoring of drug administration may reduce the prevalence of STHs infection in Bangladesh. CBMJ 2018 January: Vol. 07 No. 01 P: 04-09

scholarly journals Co-Existence of TB & Leprosy in the same patient – A Case Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Md Azraf Hossain Khan ◽  
Samir C Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Positive Smear ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
One Year

Leprosy is one of the more serious health issues in a number of developing countries. Although it seldom kills, leprosy is nonetheless a deforming, disabling and stigmatizing disease.1, 2 Tuberculosis is also a major public health problem affecting nearly one third of the global population. Though leprosy and tuberculosis are common infectious disease, yet co-infection of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare possibly due to cross-immunity. A male patient of about 70 years presented with widespread shinny hypesthetic nodular lesions symmetrically located mainly in upper extremities, trunk and a little in lower extremities about 3 years back. Slit skin smear and histopathology studies showed significant amount of bacterial load which suggested lepromatous leprosy. About after one year of starting MDT treatment, the patient developed type-2 reaction of intermittent variety. During the episodic attacks of this reaction, the patient developed pulmonary TB supported by positive smear of sputum and patchy opacities of chest x-ray about 2½ years back TAJ 2010; 23(1): 103-105

scholarly journals Interpretation of 24-Hour Urinary Protein Level for Diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome in Marked Hypoalbuminemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghvendra Narayan ◽  
Shivani Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Urinary Protein Level ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Nephrotic Range Proteinuria

Nephrotic syndrome is a common renal problem in childhood and is characterised by generalised oedema, massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia. There are various laboratory methods to quantify proteinuria. Among them 24-hour urinary protein estimation is considered a gold standard for diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic range proteinuria is considered when 24-hour urinary protein is more than 40 mg/m2/hr. There is scarce literature available regarding the changes in quantitative proteinuria when there is marked hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin less than 2.5 gm/dL). This series is about three patients of nephrotic syndrome (6 yers old male, 4 years old male and 5 years old male), having marked hypoalbuminemia and their 24-hour urinary protein level resulted into non-nephrotic range. All the patients underwent relevant physical, clinical examinations and laboratory blood and urine investigations(Haemoglobin, Mantoux test, chest x-ray, urine routine, urine culture and sensitivity, lipid profile, serum albumin and 24 hour urinary protein). All the cases were managed with Prednisolone and diuretics like Furosemide and were followed up till the subside of proteinuria and oedema conditions.

scholarly journals Hybrid-COVID: A novel hybrid 2D/3D CNN based on cross-domain adaptation approach for COVID-19 screening from chest X-ray images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Bayoudh ◽  
Fayçal Hamdaoui ◽  
Abdellatif Mtibaa
Keyword(s):  
Domain Adaptation ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deep Model ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Spatial Pyramid Pooling ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
3D Cnn ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract So far, COVID-19, the novel coronavirus, continues to spread rapidly in most countries of the world, putting people's lives at risk. According to the WHO, respiratory infections occur primarily in the majority of patients treated with COVID-19. For decades, chest X-ray (CXR) technologies have proven their ability to accurately detect and treat respiratory diseases. Deep learning techniques, as well as the availability of a large number of CXR samples, have made a significant contribution to the fight against this pandemic. However, the most common screening methods are based on 2D CNNs, since 3D counterparts are enormously costly and labor-intensive. In this study, a hybrid 2D/3D convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for COVID-19 screening using CXRs has been developed. The proposed architecture consists of the incorporation of a pre-trained deep model (VGG-16) and a shallow 3D CNN, combined with a depth-wise separable convolution layer and a spatial pyramid pooling module (SPP). Specifically, the depth-wise separable convolution helps to preserve the useful features while reducing the computational burden of the model. The SPP module is designed to extract multi-level representations from intermediate ones. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can achieve reasonable performances when evaluated on a collected dataset (3 classes: COVID-19, Pneumonia, and Normal). Notably, it achieved a sensitivity of 98.33%, a specificity of 98.68% and an overall accuracy of 96.91%

scholarly journals Role of gene Xpert test in clinical TB suspect in children

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Sheenu Gupta ◽  
Veerana Kotrashetti ◽  
Rizwan Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Childhood Tuberculosis ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Childhood Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is common in our community but it is relatively neglected, due to greater challenges in diagnosis. Clinical manifestations of childhood TB differ from adults. The diagnosis in most cases is based on clinical evidence but chest X-ray, Mantoux test, history of Kochs contact, malnutrition and sputum/gastric sample microscopy are important supporting investigations. WHO recommended use of newer diagnostic tests like Gene Xpert in pediatric cases where TB is mostly paucibacillary and identification of TB bacilli is difficult for confirmation of diagnosis.Methods: This prospective study was conducted among admitted and OPD patients in the department of Pediatrics over a period of 1and half year. Clinically suspected cases of TB in the age group 0-12 years who met the diagnostic criteria made the study group. Refusal of consent by parent and children already on TB treatment were excluded from this study. Investigations like chest X-ray, Mantoux test, sputum/gastric aspirate microscopy and Gene Expert were done to confirm the clinical diagnosis.Results: Pulmonary tuberculosis was more common (28%), TB lymphadenitis 22%, TB meningitis 14%, Tubercular Pleural effusion 12 %. and rest were no TB. BCG scar was present in 90%. History of contact was present in 76% and Mantoux test was positive in 76%. Gene Expert was positive only in one case in our study rest 49 cases were negative. The most common symptoms were fever (72%), cough (52%) and weight loss (40%).Conclusions: This study supports that detailed history, clinical evaluation and active investigative workup in addition to newer diagnostic tests like Gene Xpert has a major role in diagnosing childhood tuberculosis.

scholarly journals A study on awareness on tuberculosis among urban slum population of Hyderabad

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4941
Author(s):  
Sai Ram A. ◽  
Rama Krishna M. N. ◽  
Sunil Pal Singh C.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Data Compilation

Background: Tuberculosis a major public health problem in India with highest burden of cases. India accounts for about 24% of global prevalence, 23% of the global incidence cases and 21% of global TB deaths. Irregular and inappropriate treatment of persons with active TB, unawareness about TB symptoms and treatment course, illiteracy, may be the major hurdles for TB eradication.Methods: A cross sectional, community based study was conducted in urban slum dwellers (n=153). Data compilation and analysis: All the data collected was entered and analyzed with MS excel software 2007 and Epi info 3.5.3. All tests were considered significant at p<0.05 level.Results: 18.3% told that cough+expectoration+evening rise of temperature+weight loss are the signs and symptoms of TB. 55.5% know that it spreads through cough and sneezing mixed with air. 23.5% knows blood examination, sputum examination, x-ray is the mode of diagnosis of TB.Conclusions: Literacy plays major role in creating awareness on TB.

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