scholarly journals Sartre and Merleau-Ponty’s Theories of Perception as Cognition in the Context of Phenomenological Thought in Cognitive Sciences

Diametros ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Marta Agata Chojnacka
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Body Consciousness ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Shaun Gallagher ◽  
Contemporary Context

Husserl’s phenomenology was particularly influential for a number of French philosophers and their theories. Two of the most prominent French thinkers, Jean-Paul Sartre and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, turned to the instruments offered by phenomenology in their attempts to understand the notions of the body, consciousness, imagination, human being, world and many others. Both philosophers also provided their definitions of perception, but they understood this notion in very different ways. The paper describes selected aspects of Husserl’s phenomenology that were adopted by Sartre and Merleau-Ponty and depicts the presumptions of their respective theories of perception, as well as the differences between them. The main thesis presented here is that theories as different as those proposed by Sartre and Merleau-Ponty may, and indeed do, lead to the same conclusion, i.e. that perception represents a different form of cognition. Despite the differences between these theories, they can both be placed in the contemporary context of phenomenological research carried out by cognitive philosophers Dan Zahavi and Shaun Gallagher, as well as by the proponent of the enactive theory of perception, Alva Noë.

Myriad Aspects of Secular Thinking on Malayali Cuisine

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
SAJITHA M
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Civilized Society

Food is one of the main requirements of human being. It is flattering for the preservation of wellbeing and nourishment of the body.  The food of a society exposes its custom, prosperity, status, habits as well as it help to develop a culture. Food is one of the most important social indicators of a society. History of food carries a dynamic character in the socio- economic, political, and cultural realm of a society. The food is one of the obligatory components in our daily life. It occupied an obvious atmosphere for the augmentation of healthy life and anticipation against the diseases.  The food also shows a significant character in establishing cultural distinctiveness, and it reflects who we are. Food also reflected as the symbol of individuality, generosity, social status and religious believes etc in a civilized society. Food is not a discriminating aspect. It is the part of a culture, habits, addiction, and identity of a civilization.Food plays a symbolic role in the social activities the world over. It’s a universal sign of hospitality.[1]

Scientific aspect on Diet explained by Susrutha in Wound Healing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Amareshappa . ◽  
Anjali Bharadwaj ◽  
Shailaja S. V.
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Scientific Aspect ◽  
Important Branch

Wound healing has been the burning problem in a surgical practice because of a remarkable increase in the number of traumatic cases. A wound causes a number of changes in the body that can affect the healing process, including changes in energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamin and mineral metabolism. Various Ayurveda literatures, particularly, Sushruta Samhita, which is said to be an ancient textbook of surgery in Ayurveda, has mentioned about the diet for the person suffering from the wound, and the author said that diet plays a very important role in the wound healing process. Sushruta - The father of surgery has scientifically classified it in a systemic manner, whose wealth of clinical material and the principles of management are valid even today. Shalya Tantra (surgical branch in Ayurveda Science) is one of the important branch of Ayurveda, in which surgical and para-surgical techniques has described for management of various diseases. Vrana is the most important and widely described chapter of Shalya Tantra. Vrana (wound) is one of them, which have been managed by human being from starting of civilization. Under the circumstances, the first thing which the men came across was the injury from different sources which caused him the Vrana. Vrana is seen as debilitating and scaring disorder, usually seen affecting the human being at any age. Well balanced nutrition plays an essential role in the wound healing.

Locating the Historical and Contemporary Context of Women’s Imprisonment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Chamberlen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Women's Prisons ◽  
Women's Imprisonment ◽  
Contemporary Context

This chapter sketches the broader context of the study presented in this book. It starts with a historical account of imprisonment, focusing particularly on women’s imprisonment, and attempts to trace the centrality of prisoner bodies in the delivery of punishment via the prison since the eighteenth century. Through this brief historiography, it examines how the body has been the object and subject of punishment and, since the start, has been part and parcel of the delivery of imprisonment. More specifically, the chapter argues that, since its establishment, women’s imprisonment has been gendered and embodied. The second half of the chapter looks at more contemporary research on women’s experiences in prison, and unpacks the punishment–body relation by connecting the study’s objectives to extant research on women’s prisons.

Ciało poza Człowiekiem, czyli Ciało Wyemancypowane w ujęciu Elizabeth Grosz

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Rogowska-Stangret
Keyword(s):  
Women's Movement ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Biological Aspect ◽  
Theory Of Evolution

The article presents the philosophy of Elizabeth Grosz, its theoretical background and methods. It concentrates mainly on the category of the body which is present in her thought from the very beginning. The author pays particular attention to the problem of materiality of the body raised in The Nick of Time and Time Travels: why is the body docile? What makes it so vulnerable? What precedes social inscriptions? Those questions underline the problem of the biological aspect of the body as a part of nature which comes together with Grosz's interpretation of Darwin. The theory of evolution shows the temporality of human being and its culture and introduces future possibilities of overcoming the humankind and creating new ways of knowing, new sexes, new forms of living etc. The author suggests that this understanding of the body takes us beyond the human being and beyond subjectivity, it faces us with the process of becoming different which is perceived as emancipating. The author also suggests that Grosz's idea of the politics of imperceptibility is close to Foucault's recognition of the value of women's movement which, in his opinion, lies not in identity struggles but above all in struggles concentrating on broader cultural, social etc. changes. Both Foucault and Grosz aim at potential practices that involve giving up the question of our identities.

The Neuronal Crisis: Meditate to Comprehend the Nature of Psychosomatic Epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-127
Author(s):  
Henri Hude
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The West ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Experimental Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Rational Consideration ◽  
Existential Problem

This articles describes the “neuronal crisis,” the epidemic of psychosomatic illnesses observed all over the world, particularly in the West. The paper looks into the deeper real causes and seeks the most effective kind of cure for this malady. This leads to rational consideration of the metaphysical dimension of the human being and the fundamental problems (those of evil, of freedom, of God, of the soul, and of the body), where lack of sufficiency plays a major part in the etiology of these pathologies, as the desire for the Absolute is the basis of the unconscious. This approach presumes the Freudian model but denies its purely libidinal interpretation that substitutes desire for the Absolute with libido. Hence, an explanatory system applied to increasingly serious pathologies: ailments, neuroses, depressions, and psychoses. Frustration of one’s desire for the Good gives rise to a sublimation of finite goodness. The inevitable desublimation, caused by anguish because of the Evil, intense guilt, and the dramatization of evils, causes neuroses as awkward but inevitable solutions to the existential problem that is still unresolved, due to lack of functional and experimental knowledge. Psychiatry and even medicine must take into account the metaphysical layer, and, therefore, operate within an existential dynamic, aiming to progress in wisdom and to discover man, man’s brain and body, as these are structured around the axis of his desire.

scholarly journals Editor's Welcome

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Groth ◽  
Diederik F. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
The Subject

With far too many scholarly journals out there now, why launch yet another? Hurried readers may never recognize what THYMOS is about unless they get past the first word to what follows: Journal of Boyhood Studies. That may happen in quite a few cases at first, but we are convinced that once underway, THYMOS will take its place among the best interdisciplinary journals in English. Boys, we believe, have something to teach us about the body, sexuality, spirituality and the imagination and, for that reason, without wishing to be excessive, we want to emphasize our conviction that the subject matter of THYMOS—boys and boyhood—is central to everyone’s self-understanding as a human being in what will very soon be a thoroughgoing global culture.

scholarly journals The disorderly body: considerations of The Book of Numbers, 19 and ritual impurity after contact with a corpse

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Sandra Junker
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The People ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Living Creature

This article deals with the idea of ritual bodily impurity after coming into contact with a corpse in the Hebrew Bible. The evanescence and impermanence of the human body testifies to the mortality of the human being. In that way, the human body symbolizes both life and death at the same time; both conditions are perceivable in it. In Judaism, the dead body is considered as ritually impure. Although, in this context it might be better to substitute the term ‘ritually damaged’ for ‘ritually impure’: ritual impurity does not refer to hygienic or moral impurity, but rather to an incapability of exercising—and living—religion. Ritual purity is considered as a prerequisite for the execution of ritual acts and obligations. The dead body depends on a sphere which causes the greatest uncertainty because it is not accessible for the living. According to Mary Douglas’s concepts, the dead body is considered ritually impure because it does not answer to the imagined order anymore, or rather because it cannot take part in this order anymore. This is impurity imagined as a kind of contagious illness, which is carried by the body. This article deals with the ritual of the red heifer in Numbers 19. Here we find the description of the preparation of a fluid that is to help clear the ritual impurity out of a living body after it has come into contact with a corpse. For the preparation of this fluid a living creature – a faultless red heifer – must be killed. According to the description, the people who are involved in the preparation of the fluid will be ritually impure until the end of the day. The ritual impurity acquired after coming into contact with a corpse continues as long as the ritual of the Red Heifer remains unexecuted, but at least for seven days. 

scholarly journals Prejudices on Concerning Human Rights Vis-a-Vis Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Müfit Selim Saruhan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Rhetoric ◽  
Human Being ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reasonable Answers

In the history of thought, defending human rights and freedom, positivist and materialist views are critical of religion in general and Islam in particular. Islam as a divine religion with its theoretical and practical dimensions has been the guarantor of human rights. Positivist and materialist views on every occasion ready to blame and identify the Islamic concept of servitude (to God) with slavery. But if we examine Islam in-depth with a philosophical mind, we can see that the Islamic concept of devotional servitude accommodates genuine freedom which intends to protect the health of both the body and the soul. Positivist and materialist minds consider the issue of human rights as their own, and religious sides approach this issue reluctantly due to the rhetoric of human rights devoid of religious rhetoric. Finding reasonable answers to the questions of what the source of human honor is and what makes human being meaningful will bring closer to each other the positivist/materialist views and religious views.

scholarly journals Methodological Peculiarities of the Usage of Stretching Techniques in the Process of Flexibility Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Oksana Romaniuk ◽  
Bohdan Zadvornyi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Stretching Exercises

The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological substantiations of the body flexibility development practically applying the stretching techniques. It was generalized scientific data on the organization and methodological features of stretching exercises. Semantic content and structural componential model of stretching usage in the process of flexibility development and the estimation of the changes of this characteristic according to the age were carried out. In particular, some parameters were highlighted especially which allow to recommend that methodology both for individual and group usage were analyzed. Besides, it was analyzed the diversity of physiological mechanism of the influence of stretching on human body, especially it was singled out the effect on mental and physical spheres of human being. The generalized scientific data on the theoretical and practical aspects of flexibility development with the help of stretching techniques indicate the priority of usage of this method in many types of physical activities irrespective of the scope of its practical application.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document