TYPES, FUNCTIONS, AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS OF REDUPLICATION IN SUMBAWA BESAR DIALECT

The study discusses the types, functions, and morphological processes of Reduplication in the Sumbawa Besar dialect. Data was taken from recorded conversation, which naturally occurred among the native speakers of Sumbawa Besar Dialect. The native were also interviewed to gain deeply information. Finding of this study describes some types of Reduplication in Sumbawa Besar Dialect namely full Reduplication, partial Reduplication, and reduplication variation of phoneme. In full Reduplication, the word is fully repeated without any additional morpheme or phoneme to the base word. For example, the base word ‘lao’ (slow) is fully reduplicated becomes ‘lao-lao’ (slowly). Partial Reduplication is partly the repetition of the base word. For example, ‘Barema’ (together) is the base form that is reduplicated by repeating the last phoneme to become ‘Barema-rema’. ‘Barema’ is the base and ‘rema’ is its phoneme which is repeated to form Reduplication. Reduplication variation of phoneme is the type of Reduplication which combines two different word classes and meaning to create meaningful Reduplication. As example, ‘sedo-gaso’ (supplies). ‘sedo’ is the first base word and the second word is ‘gaso’. Those are combined to create Reduplication becomes ‘sedo-gaso’ (supplies). Function of Reduplication in Sumbawa Besar Dialect was to change word classes as verb is changed into noun and change singular form to plural form of the noun. In example, ‘Mangan’ (eat) is the word class of verb which is changed into the word class of noun ‘Mangan’-‘Mangan’ (a picnic) in its Reduplication. In another example, the word Anak (a child) is the singular form of noun is changed into plural form Anak-dadi (children) in its Reduplication.

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Karakteristik Iregularitas Infleksi Nominal Bahasa Arab, Studi Kasus pada Jamak Taksir

JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA ◽

10.36722/sh.v5i2.345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Zaqiatul Mardiah ◽

Afridesy Puji Pancarani

Keyword(s):

Initial Study ◽

Focus Of Attention ◽

Regular Pattern ◽

Morphological Process ◽

Plural Form ◽

Singular Form ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Nominal Inflection ◽

Regular Patterns

Abstrak – Pada hakikatnya, di dalam ketidakteraturan ada pola yang teratur. Kajian ini hendak mencermati dan menemukan keteraturan pola dalam ketidakteraturan proses morfologis infleksi nominal bahasa Arab, jamak taksir. Bentuk-bentuk yang dinamis dan beragam pada perubahan bentuk singular menjadi plural dalam jamak taksir memiliki kecenderungan yang dapat dipetakan menjadi pola tertentu. Untuk memotret fenomena tersebut, kajian awal ini mengambil data dari kamus Arab-Inggris Hans Wher dari entri alif hingga kha’, yang dibatasi pada ism tunggal yang berpola fa’lun, fi’lun, fi’latun, fi’a:lun, fu’latun, fa’alun, dan fa’latun. Dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, masing-masing bentuk singular akan dicermati aspek fonologis dan semantisnya; yang menjadi bentuk plural dengan karakteristik fonologis dan semantik yang juga menjadi fokus perhatian. Kajian ini membenarkan tesis dari Pingker tentang pola-pola tidak teratur yang sebenarnya memuat keteraturan. Dalam riset ini, sebagian besar bentuk plural dari jamak taksir dapat diramalkan dengan melihat consonant order dari bentuk tunggalnya.Abstract – Actually, there is a regular pattern in irregularities. This study was to examine and find the regularity patterns in the irregularities of the nominal inflection of morphological process of Arabic, jamak taksir. Dynamic and varied forms of morphological process from singular to plural in the jamak taksir have a tendency that can be mapped into certain regular patterns. To capture the phenomenon, this initial study took data from Hans Wher's Arabic-English dictionary from the Alif to Kha ' entry, which was confined to the singular ISM patterned fa'lun, fi'lun, fi'latun, fi'a:lun, fu'latun, fa'alun, and fa'latun. With qualitative descriptive methods, each singular form will be examined by the phonological aspect and its semantics; which became a plural with the phonological and semantic characteristics that also became the focus of attention. This study justifies the thesis of the Pingker on irregular patterns that actually load regularity. In this research, most of the plural form of the jamak taksir can be predicted by looking at the order consonant from the singular.Keywords - Arabic broken plural, irregularity, inflection, phonological aspect.

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A Study of the Morphological Process in Berom Language

Education and Linguistics Research ◽

10.5296/elr.v1i1.7774 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Marcus Pam Bitrus ◽

Dung Ishaya Pwajok ◽

Pam Eric Ganan

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Word Class ◽

Intuitive Knowledge ◽

Process Data ◽

Morphological Process ◽

Plural Noun ◽

Language Data

This study presents a descriptive analysis of the Berom language morphological process. Data were sourced from related studies in Berom and other languages and from the intuitive knowledge of the writers who are native speakers of the language. Data analysis reveals that the morphological process in Berom is composed of affixation and compounding. The study also shows that the language has two inflectional prefixes: be- & n- that are used to mark plural noun and a derivational prefix: n- that is used for nominalization. Furthermore, the paper reveals that compounding in Berom can be simple or complex and asserts that simple compounding may generate a different word class while complex compounding realize nouns.

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PROSES MORFOLOGIS DALAM BAHASA DAYAK TUNJUNG DI KABUPATEN KUTAI BARAT, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

SUAR BETANG ◽

10.26499/surbet.v12i2.30 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Halimi Hadibrata

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Word Formation ◽

Word Class ◽

Note Taking ◽

Morphological Process ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Word Classes ◽

The Given

The aim of this research is to discover word class and describing the morphological process of word-formation in Dayak Tunjung. This language is spoken by citizen of West Kutai Region, East Kalimantan. This research applies the qualitative method. The data is collected through survey and note-taking technique. The data is analyzed by using the word-paradigm and valency approach. The word-formation paradigm by affixation, reduplication, and composition to discover word derivation as noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. The valency model of word in sentence is applied to discover preposition and conjunction word class. The result shows that the given language has several word classes, namely noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition and conjunction

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The Morphological Processes of Noun Forming Derivational Affixes in Dickens’ A Christmas Carol

HUMANIS ◽

10.24843/jh.2018.v22.i02.p15 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Ni Made Indriyana Savitri ◽

Ni Made Ayu Widiastuti

Keyword(s):

Charles Dickens ◽

Word Class ◽

The Novel ◽

Note Taking ◽

New Words ◽

Base Form ◽

Morphological Processes

This study entitled The Morphological Processes of Noun Forming Derivational Affixes in Dickens’ A Christmas Carol aims to analyze the word class of base forms and derivational affixes forming nouns used in a fiction novel. The data were taken from the novel entitled A Christmas Carol written by Charles Dickens in 1843 by applying documentation method and note-taking techniques. The technique of analyzing data was done by classifying the derivational affixes forming nouns according to type of affixes and reducing the words containing derivational affixes that were similar. The data were analyzed by applying the theory of how new words are formed as derivations in morphology by Katamba (1993) as the main theory and the theory by Bauer (1983) as the supporting one. The findings showed that there were three classes of the base form used to produce new noun-based lexeme in the data, namely verb, adjective and noun. Types of affixes that were used were only suffixes, namely suffix –al, -er, -ar, -or, -ing, -y, -ion, -ation, -ment, -ance, and –age which are attached to verb base, suffix –ity, -th, -ness, and –ence which are attached to adjective base and suffix –y which are attached to noun base.

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Morphological Process of Suffix -shii in Japanese

Lingual Journal of Language and Culture ◽

10.24843/ljlc.2016.v02.i02.p03 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ni Putu Luhur Wedayanti

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Daily Life ◽

Word Class ◽

Compound Words ◽

Morphological Process ◽

Morphological Processes

Japanese has many compound words which are used productively in daily life. Compounding words is done in various ways in accordance with the morphological processes required. Compounding basic words discussed in this article begins with the reduplication process of basic words and continues with the process of affixation by adding the suffix -shii on the reduplication results. The data is collected from articles on social media and related references. The discussion shows that some of the words experiencing the morphological process has changes in their word class and their meaning but most of them does not have any change either their word class or their meaning.

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Derivational Affixes Intontemboan Language

Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia ◽

10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i7.3592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 3480

Author(s):

Rinny Rorimpandey

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Word Class ◽

Morphological Process ◽

Written Texts ◽

Base Form ◽

Regional Languages ◽

Derivational Suffix ◽

Analyze Data

The Tontemboan language is one of the regional languages in Minahasa. This language has two dialects namely Makela’I and Matana’i. The purpose of this writing is to describe one side of the morphological process of Tontemboan language, in particular, Makela’I dialect, which is focused on Derivational affixes in Tontemboan language, their arrangement, and combination with other morphemes to form words, and their function. In conducting this research, the writer uses the qualitative method. In collecting data she used several techniques: Observation, interviewing, and analyzing written texts were used to collect and analyze data. The informants are choosing according to certain criteria, they came from the Motoling Barat Region. The result is there are 6 Derivational prefixes, those are :prefix {ma-} { paka -} ,{ta -}, {ka -},{pa -} {maka -},2 Derivational infixes, they are:Infix { – in –}, Infix { – um –}, 1 Derivational suffix { – an }, 4 Derivational Confixes they are: { ka-an }, {pa-an},{maka – em }, {maka – em }, {um-em}. Derivational affixes change the word class of their base form. It is expected that the result of this writing could be a contribution to the teaching of language, in particular the Tontemboan language.

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Reciprocal Prefix ko- in Loloda Language, North Halmahera

Humaniora ◽

10.21512/humaniora.v10i2.5585 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Maklon - Gane ◽

Wakit Abdullah ◽

Dwi Purnanto

Keyword(s):

Noun Phrase ◽

Field Research ◽

Base Word ◽

Word Class ◽

Morphological Process ◽

Methods And Techniques ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Descriptive Method

This research aimed to describe the morphological process which focused on reciprocal prefix ko- and to find the word class of the base word that could attach with that prefix in Loloda language. The sources of data were Loloda language used by Lolodanese in the field research. The data were clauses or sentences that contained base word with reciprocal prefix ko-. The data obtained through several methods and techniques, such as observation and conversation, elicitation technique, recording, taking notes, and introspection technique. Introspection technique was used because the researcher is the speaker of this language. The data were analyzed by a qualitative descriptive method. The researchers used morphologic perspective to analyze the data. The results show that reciprocal prefix can attach with base words that have vocal /o/ in the first syllable. Moreover, there are several categories of the base word can attach with reciprocal prefix ko- such as the verb, noun or noun phrase, adjective, and interrogative. The function of the reciprocal prefix is to form the active verb.

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Historical change of word classes

Diachronica ◽

10.1075/dia.29.2.03ger ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 162-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthias Gerner

Keyword(s):

Target Word ◽

Case Studies ◽

East Asian ◽

Historical Change ◽

Temporal Parameter ◽

Word Class ◽

Process Of Change ◽

Word Classes ◽

Asian Languages ◽

Typical Process

This paper isolates four parameters that guide the historical change of word classes: the quantificational parameter, the directional parameter, the preservative parameter and the temporal parameter. These parameters are involved in the organization of seven case studies in East Asian languages. Based on these case studies I define four diachronic tendencies that apply to East Asian languages and perhaps beyond: (1) the greater the size of the target word class, the lower the number of new acquired meanings; (2) if a word class engages on a path of change, then the greater its size, the more likely it is that the process of change in which it engages will be lexicalization; (3) in a typical process of grammaticalization relatively more meanings are generated than in a typical process of lexicalization; (4) processes of grammaticalization represent temporally short processes more often than processes of lexicalization.

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Nominalization in TIV

Indian Journal of Language and Linguistics ◽

10.34256/ijll2112 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 16-26

Author(s):

Stephen Shiaondo Ajim ◽

Iorember Margaret N

Keyword(s):

Native Speakers ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Structural Theory ◽

The Internet ◽

Intuitive Knowledge ◽

The World ◽

Word Classes ◽

Lexical Items ◽

Linguistic Units ◽

Linguistic Process

Nominalization is a linguistic process of deriving nouns from other word classes or linguistic units. Nominalization is evident in many languages of the world. The Tiv language also exhibits nominalization. This paper critically analyses nominalization in Tiv. The objectives of the paper are: to determine the processes through which nominalization takes place in the Tiv language, the extent to which the processes of nominalization are productive in the Tiv language, and the classes of words and linguistic units that are nominalized in Tiv. Data were sourced from the native speakers of Tiv using the researcher – participant technique. The researchers documented the lexical items used during the interaction, determine the basic components of the lexical items and the word classes such lexical items belonged to. The intuitive knowledge of the researchers as the native speakers of the language was harnessed. The secondary data were sourced from the already existing literatures such as textbooks, journals and the internet. The theory adopted in the paper is Hokett’s (1954) structural theory whose models are the Item-and-Process (I.P) and Item-and-Arrangement (I.P). It has been found out that the processes through which nominalization takes in the Tiv language are prefixation, prefixation plus some modifications, tonality and desententialization (sentence deconstruction). These processes are discovered to be very productive in nominalization in Tiv. It has also been found out that verbs roots and adjectives are the classes of words that are nominalized (lexical nominalization) in the Tiv language together with sentences (syntactic nominalization).

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Morphological Analysis of the Neologisms during the COVID-19 Pandemic

International Journal of English Language Studies ◽

10.32996/ijels.2020.2.3.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 01-07

Author(s):

Katherine B. Akut

Keyword(s):

Morphological Analysis ◽

Textual Analysis ◽

Compound Structure ◽

Interesting Phenomenon ◽

Qualitative Design ◽

Morphological Process ◽

New Words ◽

Corona Virus ◽

The Common ◽

Morphological Processes

The emergence of neologisms has always been an interesting phenomenon as it demonstrates the dynamism of language. This study intends to determine the neologisms during COVID-19 Pandemic through a morphological analysis. This study argues that the neologisms that emerge during the COVID-19 pandemic reveal the morphological processes that formed the new words. It further claims that the morphemic structures of the neologisms follow the general structures of English vocabulary. This study utilizes the descriptive-qualitative design in analyzing the morphological structures of the neologisms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this study involves textual analysis to determine the morphological processes that encompass the formation of new words. The data used in analyzing the morphological structures of COVID-19-related neologisms are five (5) Internet articles that introduce the new terms created because of the corona virus outbreak. These articles were published in the months of March, April and May 2020.Findings reveal that most of the neologisms are nouns. The common morphological process involved in the formation of new words are compounding, blending and affixation. Moreover, majority of the neologisms follow the compound structure of the free and bound morphemes. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the neologisms formed during the COVID-19 pandemic reveal the morphological processes and the morphemic structures of the neologisms follow the general structures of English vocabulary specifically on the combination of free and bound morphemes.

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