scholarly journals Traditional knowledge, medicinal plants, bioactive constituents, and prospecting technology: potential control of fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e355101321410
Author(s):  
Antonio Fávero de Carvalho ◽  
Allívia Rouse Carregosa Rabbani ◽  
Sheila Valéria Álvares-Carvalho ◽  
Renata Silva-Mann
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
The North ◽  
New Compounds

The use of plants with medicinal properties for fungi control has led to a continuous exploration of new compounds that could contribute towards promising studies in the development of new drugs and the knowledge of how this control is performed on microorganisms. The objective of this review has been to report on the potential use of medicinal plants to control the pathogenic fungi of a host of plants and animals, which can contribute to the achievement of new formulations for botanical fungicides. Many authors have demonstrated antifungal and general antimicrobial activities for Brazilian flora species through well-established methods, such as by microdilution, agar diffusion, and disk diffusion, while determining a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC), and the inhibition potential of essential oils, extracts and fractions. In this review, 68 species were cited for occurring in Brazil, with 25 being in the north-northeastern part of the country. Thus, most studies about the antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants bring an ‘initial understanding’ of their potential, particularly of some species, genera, and even families. Nevertheless, more data that is exceedingly specific is mandatory by focusing on new and more accurate approaches, such as the action mechanisms, toxicity, the active components, and the verification of the existence of synergic effects. These criteria would be the minimum required to develop new natural products as alternative treatments for the various infectious pathologies that affect plants, animals, and human beings.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Studies on The Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity of Annona Muricata

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dr. T. Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Annonaceous Acetogenins ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
New Compounds

Medicinal plants have been used to treat illness and disease for thousands of years. Bioactive principles present in medicinal plants attribute to the therapeutic efficacy and it can be incorporated into modern medicine systems for the development of newer drug formulation for therapeutic ailments. Even now they are economically important, being used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, perfumery, and food industries. Screening of medicinal plants for antimicrobial activities and phytochemicals is important for finding potential new compounds for therapeutic use. In the present review, an attempt has been made to congregate the traditional, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies done on an important medicinal plant Annona muricata. Cyclo hexapeptides, acetogenins, annonaceous acetogenins were the major phytochemical compounds studied from this medicinal plant. The fruit is of economic value and hence cultivated and used widely as edible food. The plant possesses the major pharmacological activities includes Anti-viral activity, Anti-oxidant Activity, Larvicidal activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Antipediculicidal activity, Anti-bacterial activity, and wound healing. It also has an anti-carcinogenic and cytotoxic effect.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization and microbial screening of some new methyl 4, 6-o-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-?-D-glucopyranoside Derivatives

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarkar MA Kawsar ◽  
Abul K MS Kabir ◽  
Mohammad M R Bhuiyan ◽  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Mohammad S Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Derivatives Of

Regioselective pentanoylation of methyl 4,6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-?-D-glucopyranoside by the direct acylation method provided the methyl 4,6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-O-pentanoyl- ?-D-glucopyranoside in good yield. A number of 3-O-acyl derivatives of this 2-O-pentanoylation product were also prepared in order to obtain new compounds and also gather additional information for structure elucidation. The chemical structure of the newly synthesized compounds was characterized by analytical and spectral methods. Synthesized acylated derivatives of Dglucopyranoside were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activities against ten human pathogenic bacteria and four plant pathogenic fungi. The study revealed that the acylated products exhibited moderate to good antimicrobial activities. It was interesting to observe that the selected compounds were more sensitive against fungal phytopathogens than those of the bacterial strains. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v37i2.17554 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 2, 145-158, 2013

scholarly journals The Importance of the Rescue and Preservation of Medicinal Plants in the North region in the last twenty years

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e7
Author(s):  
Renato Abreu Lima ◽  
Reinato Andrade Tembo Xavier ◽  
Felipe Sant' Anna Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
The North

The objective of this research was to survey published works on medicinal plants in the North Region, analyzing their use and preparation. Given its importance for human beings as well as for other living beings, the preservation of this precious asset on our planet Earth is very pertinent. The method for this study was quantitative, based on works published in the period from 1999 to 2019 with an emphasis on medicinal plants used in the treatment and cure of diseases. Visits to the communities, in the work under study, were analyzed for consultations in the region in order to improve capacities and data on medicinal plants. We found that the most used vegetable species were Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rutaceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Allismataceae, Amarantaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Meliaceae, Musaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Araceae, Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Aristolochiaceae and others. Other records were people planting medicinal plants, collecting plant seeds, are used to make infusions to treat toothache, cough, flu, diarrhea and skin diseases.

Synthesis of a Series of Chalcones and Related Flavones and Evaluation of their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Hind Benouda ◽  
Btissam Bouchal ◽  
Allal Challioui ◽  
Abdelkader Oulmidi ◽  
Tarik Harit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Oxidative Cyclization ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities

Background: A series of chalcones and flavones were synthesized from 2’-hydroxyacetophenone and substituted aromatic aldehydes via Simmons-Schmidt condensation followed by oxidative cyclization. Methods: Characterization of the obtained structures was established on the basis of their spectroscopic data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities against five bacterial strains (Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella braenderup, Escherichia coli.) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans, Candida krusei). Results: The in vitro bioassay results indicated that some target compounds displayed moderate (4d, 4e) to high (4a) antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungi C. albicans and C. krusei. Conclusion: For the antibacterial activity, only products 3d and 4d showed a weak antibacterial activity. These compounds can lead to the design of new drugs with specific antifungal activity.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 1, 2, 4-Triazolopyrimidofuro- quinazolinones from Natural Furochromones (Visnagenone and Khellinone)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameen Ali Abu-Hashem ◽  
Hoda A. R. Hussein ◽  
Ahmed S. Aly
Keyword(s):  
2D Nmr ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
New Compounds

Background: Previous and recent scientific research has shown that triazolopyrimidine and furochromones have a wide range of pharmacological activities in the treatment of numerous diseases, including anticancer, antiviral, anti-depressant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Objective: Preparation of new drugs used as antimicrobial activities derived from a natural furochromones as (1- hydrazinyl or methylthio),-furopyrimidoquinazolinone, 1, 2, 4-triazolopyrimidofuroquinazolin-5-one, and quinazolinepyrimidofuro- quinazoline-8, 10-dione and study of their biological activity as antimicrobial. Method: A series of novel N’-furopyrimidoquinazoline-hydrazide; 1, 2, 4-triazolopyrimidofuroquinazolin-5-one; furopyrimidoquinazolin-3-one and quinazoline-pyrimidofuroquinazoline-8, 10-dione derivatives were synthesized from substituted (methylthio)-furopyrimidoquinazolinone (3a-b) and 1-hydrazinyl-furopyrimidoquinazolinone (4a-b) as the starting material. Results: All compounds were synthesized in good yields (71-95%) in a gradually efficient system under the mild condition and some of the procedures were used a microwave oven. The new compounds have been confirmed by means of different spectroscopic ways such as IR, 1D and 2D -NMR techniques and mass spectrum. The in vitro to antimicrobial activities were evaluated for the prepared compounds using many types of bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative) and fungi. Conclusion: 1, 2, 4-triazolopyrimidofuroquinazolin-5-one derivatives (10a-f, 8a-b, 7a-b and 6a-d) showed the most efficient antimicrobial activities compared with the cefotaxime sodium and nystatin as standard drugs.

scholarly journals Natural Products in Therapeutic Management of Multineurodegenerative Disorders by Targeting Autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sibhghatulla Shaikh ◽  
Khurshid Ahmad ◽  
Syed Sayeed Ahmad ◽  
Eun Ju Lee ◽  
Jeong Ho Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Division Process ◽  
Autophagic Degradation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Content

Autophagy is an essential cellular process that involves the transport of cytoplasmic content in double-membraned vesicles to lysosomes for degradation. Neurons do not undergo cytokinesis, and thus, the cell division process cannot reduce levels of unnecessary proteins. The primary cause of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is the abnormal deposition of proteins inside neuronal cells, and this could be averted by autophagic degradation. Thus, autophagy is an important consideration when considering means of developing treatments for NDs. Various pharmacological studies have reported that the active components in herbal medicines exhibit therapeutic benefits in NDs, for example, by inhibiting cholinesterase activity and modulating amyloid beta levels, and α-synuclein metabolism. A variety of bioactive constituents from medicinal plants are viewed as promising autophagy controllers and are revealed to recover the NDs by targeting the autophagic pathway. In the present review, we discuss the role of autophagy in the therapeutic management of several NDs. The molecular process responsible for autophagy and its importance in various NDs and the beneficial effects of medicinal plants in NDs by targeting autophagy are also discussed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Importance of Medicinal Plants in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Harriet U. Ugboko ◽  
Obinna C. Nwinyi ◽  
Solomon U. Oranusi ◽  
Toluwase H. Fatoki ◽  
Conrad A. Omonhinmin
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Joint Research

Despite the success of antibiotic discovery, infectious diseases remain the second leading source of death worldwide, while the resistance to antibiotics is among the significant problems in the twenty-first century. Medicinal plants are very rich in phytochemicals which can be structurally optimized and processed into new drugs. Nigeria enjoys a diverse collection of medicinal plants, and joint research has ascertained the efficacy of these plants. Plants such as guava (Psidium guajava), ginger (Zingiber officinale), neem (Azadirachta indica), and moringa (Moringa oleifera) have been found to exhibit broad range of antimicrobial activities. Studies on Nigerian plants have shown that they contain alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenes, glycosides, and others with possible therapeutic potentials. The antimicrobial activities of some new compounds such as alloeudesmenol, hanocokinoside, orosunol, and 8-demethylorosunol, identified from medicinal plants in Nigeria, are not yet explored. Further investigation and optimization of these compounds will facilitate the development of new sets of pharmacologically acceptable antimicrobial agents. This review study revealed the efficacy of medicinal plants as an alternative therapy in combating and curtailing the development and survival of multidrug-resistant pathogens coupled with the toxic effects of some antibiotics. Due to enormous therapeutic possibilities buried in medicinal plants, there is a need for more research into unique fingerprints and novel compounds that can provide cure to the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) of humans and animals facing Africa, especially Nigeria.

scholarly journals Microbiological evaluation of isolated compounds from the bark of Maytenus guianensis Klotzsch ex Reissek (Celastraceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Abreu Lima ◽  
Fernanda Bay-Hurtado ◽  
Dionatas Ulises de Oliveira Meneguetti ◽  
João Bezerra Facundo ◽  
Júlio Sancho Linhares Teixeira Militão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Maytenus guianensis Klotzsch ex Reissek is a brazilian Amazon plant widely used in tradicional medicine to treat malaria, leishmaniasis and cancer. Due to the increasing number of resistant strains of microorganisms to known antimicrobial substances, various extracts of medicinal plants are being assayed with the purpose of developing new compounds with antimicrobial activities. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the biological potential of isolated substances of the bark of M. guianensis on bacteria. The barks were collected at the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, in Manaus-AM. After, they were dried and grinded, being subjected to Soxhlet extraction with different solvants according to their polarity degree. The isolated substances were diluted with DMSO 2 %, and for the evaluation of the antibacterial potential, the agar well diffusion technique was used. The design was totally randomized with two replicas per treatment. The evaluation consisted on measuring bacteria colonial growth after 24 hours of the beginning of the experiment. The results obtained from the isolated substances of M. guianensis presented inhibitory effect against at least four out of the five bacteria tested, where satisfactory inhibition halos were noted. The results highlight the antimicrobial potential of this plant, which may be promising for the development of new drugs.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of In Vitro Activity of Medicinal Plants from Sub-Saharan Africa against Campylobacter spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delfina Fernandes Hlashwayo ◽  
Filomena Barbosa ◽  
Sílvia Langa ◽  
Betuel Sigaúque ◽  
Custódio Gabriel Bila
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cryptolepis Sanguinolenta ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

Introduction. Campylobacter spp. are zoonotic bacteria that cause gastroenteritis in humans and may cause extraintestinal infections such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, and bacteremia. Resistance to antibiotics is an increasing concern in the Sub-Saharan Africa; thus, search for alternatives such as plant-based active ingredients is important in order to develop new drugs. Objectives. To present a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies of the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants from Sub-Saharan Africa against Campylobacter spp. Methodology. Studies published until March 2020 on medicinal plants used against Campylobacter spp. from each country of Sub-Saharan Africa were searched on PubMed, Science Direct, AJOL, and Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on the existence of information regarding in vitro and in vivo activity of medicinal plants against Campylobacter spp. Results. A total of 47 medicinal plants belonging to 28 families were studied for in vitro activity against Campylobacter spp. No plant was studied in vivo. Plants from Fabaceae family were the most commonly studied. The plants with the strongest antimicrobial activities were Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Terminalia macroptera. The root extracts from these plants were effective, and both had a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/ml. Seven pure compounds were isolated and analyzed for activity against Campylobacter spp. The compound cryptolepine from C. sanguinolenta was the most effective with MIC values ranging between 6.25 and 25 μg/ml. Conclusion. Several native plants from the Sub-Saharan Africa region were studied for in vitro activity against Campylobacter spp. Some plants seemed very effective against the bacteria. Chemical compounds from three plants have been isolated and analyzed, but further studies are needed in order to produce new and effective drugs.

scholarly journals Traditional Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antituberculosis Drugs: A System Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Yuhui Xu ◽  
Bowen Liang ◽  
Chengcheng Kong ◽  
Zhaogang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Antituberculosis Drugs ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
System Review ◽  
Botanical Classification

Medicinal plants are the chief components in the different oriental formulations in different traditional medical systems worldwide. As a thriving source of medicine, the medicinal plants with antituberculosis (TB) properties inspire the pharmacists to develop new drugs based on their active components or semimetabolites. In the present review, the anti-TB medicinal plants were screened from the scientific literatures, based on the botanical classification and the anti-TB activity. The obtained anti-TB medicinal plants were categorized into three different categories, viz., 159 plants critically examined with a total 335 isolated compounds, 131 plants with their crude extracts showing anti-TB activity, and 27 plants in literature with the prescribed formula by the traditional healers. Our systemic analysis on the medicinal plants can assist the discovery of novel and more efficacious anti-TB drugs.

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