scholarly journals The use of the combined cycle for the generation of electric energy by the gases obtained from the carbonization of wood using

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. e111101522720
Author(s):  
Lélio Alves Vieira ◽  
Edilberto Pereira Teixeira ◽  
Antonio Manoel Batista da Silva ◽  
Elizabeth Uber Bucek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Generation Efficiency ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
The City

The effluents from carbonization or pyrolysis and wood charcoal have aggregated thermal energy and, in conventional charcoal kilns, part of the wood is burned to ignite the burning in the kilns and the effluents generated are dispensed in the atmosphere and in the soil, which causes energy losses and environmental pollution. In this study we seek a clean and sustainable alternative to produce energy, in addition to the search for a system with satisfactory performance in the generation of electric energy. The objective of this study was to evaluate how much electricity can be produced from wood carbonization effluents by ONDATEC technology, using the Brayton and Rankine cycle, also known as Combined Cycle. This method presents a high power generation efficiency, around 50%, compared to other generation systems. A field experiment was carried out from October 21st to 24th, 2010 to determine the calorific value of wood carbonization effluents, using a microwave oven, (condensable and non-condensable gas), in the city of Uberaba -Mg, Brazil. The data generated in this study reveals important information for companies looking for a way to produce clean and renewable electricity from reforestation wood, in addition to the effort to minimize environmental pollution, ensure sustainability in production systems and the growing search for new sources of energy. A complete description of the experiment, including details of the project, is presented in this work.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock Manure Management in Southwestern Siberia, Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Storrle ◽  
Hans-Jorg Brauckmann ◽  
Gabriele Broll
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Tyumen Oblast

This study investigates the amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to manure handling within different livestock production systems in Tyumen oblast of Western Siberia. Tyumen oblast occupies approx. 160 000 km² of Asian taiga and forest steppe. The amount of GHGs from manure was calculated as a function of the handling according to current IPCC guidelines for ecozones and livestock production systems. The entire Tyumen oblast has annual 7 400 t methane emissions and 440 t nitrous oxide emissions from manure. Three livestock production systems are prevalent in Tyumen oblast: Mega farms, small farms and peasant farms. The share of mega farms is 81 % (171 kt CO2 eq). Additionally, the slurry system in mega farms causes environmental pollution. GHG emissions and environmental pollution could be reduced by implementing solid manure systems or pasturing, by installing storage facilities for slurry outside the stables and through application of the manure as fertiliser at mega farms. In small farms solid manure systems and a small stocking density of livestock lead to smallest GHG emissions (1 %, 3 kt CO2 eq) from manure. In peasant farming 18 % (38 kt CO2 eq) of GHGs are emitted due to pasturing. 

Research of City Environmental Pollution and City Planning for the Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 908 ◽  
pp. 375-378
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Environment Problem ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City

City environment problem increasingly troubles the people living in the city. What the human doings are against the city environment and damage their homes. This paper analyzes the causes of city environmental pollution and several aspects of pollution, and probes into the problems of city pollution and environmental planning for the future. The goal is to find an effective solution to resolve these problems. Finally, the solution of the problem from three aspects in city planning is proposed for improving the living environment and purifying homes.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of domestic micro-CHP based on the gas boiler fitted with ORC module

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wajs ◽  
Dariusz Mikielewicz ◽  
Michał Bajor ◽  
Zbigniew Kneba
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Ethanol Vapour ◽  
System User ◽  
Generation Unit

AbstractThe results of investigations conducted on the prototype of vapour driven micro-CHP unit integrated with a gas boiler are presented. The system enables cogeneration of heat and electric energy to cover the energy demand of a household. The idea of such system is to produce electricity for own demand or for selling it to the electric grid – in such situation the system user will became the prosumer. A typical commercial gas boiler, additionally equipped with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) module based on environmentally acceptable working fluid can be regarded as future generation unit. In the paper the prototype of innovative domestic cogenerative ORC system, consisting of a conventional gas boiler and a small size axial vapour microturbines (in-house designed for ORC and the commercially available for Rankine cycle (RC)), evaporator and condenser were scrutinised. In the course of study the fluid working temperatures, rates of heat, electricity generation and efficiency of the whole system were obtained. The tested system could produce electricity in the amount of 1 kWe. Some preliminary tests were started with water as working fluid and the results for that case are also presented. The investigations showed that domestic gas boiler was able to provide the saturated/superheated ethanol vapour (in the ORC system) and steam (in the RC system) as working fluids.

scholarly journals Evolution and accumulation of C-CO2 in biogenic and physiogenic aggregates of different agroecological management systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-500
Author(s):  
Luiz Alberto Silva Rodrigues Pinto ◽  
Octávio Vioratti Telles Mendonça ◽  
Celeste Queiroz Rossi ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Fabiana Costa Barros
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Formation Pathway ◽  
No Till ◽  
Testing Parameter ◽  
Mineralizable Carbon ◽  
The City ◽  
Som Decomposition

Determination of mineralizable carbon (C) is based on the evolution of C-CO2, reflecting the activity of soil biota in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, and can be used as a testing parameter in agroecological production systems. The objective of the present work was to quantify mineralizable C in aggregates of different biogenic and physiogenic formation pathways in agroecological management systems in the city of Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro. Five sampling areas were selected: (1) 10-year agroforestry system (AFS), (2) 15-year full sun coffee (C-SUN), (3) 15-year shaded coffee (C-SHA), (4) 10-year phlegm alleles (FLE), and (5) 6-year no-till planting system with corn and eggplant (NT) in Red-Yellow Argissolo in Seropédica-RJ.Morphological patterns were used to identify the formation pathway (biogenic and physiogenic) of aggregates.  In these, fertility, total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) were evaluated.  The evolution and accumulation of C-CO2were determined in the laboratory after 35 days of incubation. The NT area under agroecological management present higher C-CO2 accumulation between the systems with biogenic aggregates and less accumulation in the physiogenic aggregates. 

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF MODERN COMMERCIAL PORK PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Garmatyk ◽  
R. Susol ◽  
M. Broshkov ◽  
O. Danchuk ◽  
Ih. Panikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristic ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exudative Meat ◽  
Terminal Sire

By a morphological study of carcasses of young pig stock of different origin, it has been proved that up-to-date crossbreeding schemes using meat-type breeds as parents increase the percentage of meat in a carcass and optimise the lean-to-fat ratio. Physicochemical analysis of pork obtained from pigs of different breeds has shown that all the parameters investigated are within the current physiological standards. Most parameters have shown no significant difference, though tend to exhibit some peculiarities associated with the effect of a genotype on how this or that physicochemical characteristic manifests itself. The use of the Piétrain breed as the sire line decreases the intramuscular fat content, and hence the calorific value of pork. The back fat of this breed has the highest melting point, which indicates its high storability, but somewhat lower cooking properties than those of similar products obtained from offspring of Large White and Landrace parents. The pH and water-holding capacity of the pork of Piétrain-sired offspring make it quite similar to PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) meat: this pork is slightly less tender and paler in colour and exhibits greater weight loss during thermal processing. Also, the result of a comprehensive sensory evaluation of boiled pork and pork broth obtained from Piétrain-sired young stock was the lowest, which is consistent with most of the physicochemical properties of pork from pigs of this genotype. So, it is the 75% purebred Landrace that should be favoured as a terminal sire line in crossbreeding programmes in order to obtain pork and bacon of improved quality in intensive commercial swine production systems. It is recommended to combine Piétrain and Duroc lines to produce terminal sires, ½ (Piétrain + Duroc), that will be further mated with two-breed-cross dams – ½ (Large White + Landrace).

scholarly journals Urbanization, Work and Community: The Logic of City Life in the Contemporary World

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Composite Pattern ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> I initiate the discussion with a statement about cognitive-cultural capitalism and its concentration in large global cities. This is followed by an argument to the effect that the specificity of the city resides in the manner in which the diverse social phenomena that it contains are brought into a composite pattern of spatial integration. With these preliminaries in mind, I examine the economic structure of the city in cognitive-cultural capitalism, with special reference to the emergence of a new division of labor and the changing configuration of intra-urban production space. This account leads directly to consideration of the restratification of urban society and its effects on neighborhood development and social life. The final section of the paper picks up on the notion of the Common in cognitive-cultural capitalism and offers some speculative remarks regarding the implications of this phenomenon for the economic and social order of cities.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> Historical and geographical narrative combined with appeals to the theory of political economy.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> Cognitive-cultural capitalism is emerging as a dominant force of social and economic change in the twenty-first century. This trend is also evident in new patterns of urbanization that are emerging on all five continents. These patterns reflect dramatic shifts in the structure of urban production systems and the significant restratification of urban society that has been occurring as a consequence.</p><p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The paper is pitched at a high level of conceptual abstraction. Detailed empirical investigation/testing of the main theoretical points outlined in the paper is urgently called for.</p><p><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> The paper offers an overall theoretical synthesis of the interrelationships between cognitive-cultural capitalism and processes of urbanization.</p>

Development of a Novel Combined Absorption Cycle for Power Generation and Refrigeration

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Noam Lior
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
The Impact

Cogeneration can improve energy utilization efficiency significantly. In this paper, a new ammonia-water system is proposed for the cogeneration of refrigeration and power. The plant operates in a parallel combined cycle mode with an ammonia-water Rankine cycle and an ammonia refrigeration cycle, interconnected by absorption, separation, and heat transfer processes. The performance was evaluated by both energy and exergy efficiencies, with the latter providing good guidance for system improvement. The influences of the key parameters, which include the basic working solution concentration, the cooling water temperature, and the Rankine cycle turbine inlet parameters on the cycle performance, have been investigated. It is found that the cycle has a good thermal performance, with energy and exergy efficiencies of 27.7% and 55.7%, respectively, for the base-case studied (having a maximum cycle temperature of 450°C). Comparison with the conventional separate generation of power and refrigeration having the same outputs shows that the energy consumption of the cogeneration cycle is markedly lower. A brief review of desirable properties of fluid pairs for such cogeneration cycles was made, and detailed studies for finding new fluid pairs and the impact of their properties on cogeneration system performance are absent and are very recommended.

DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF AN INTEGRATED MILD/PARTIAL GASIFICATION COMBINED (IMPGC) CYCLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Henry Long
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Volumetric Heating ◽  
Partial Gasification

Abstract Around 50% of the world's electrical power supply comes from the Rankine cycle, and the majority of existing Rankine cycle plants are driven by coal. Given how unattractive coal is as an energy resource in spite of its high energy content, it becomes necessary to find a way to utilize coal in a cleaner and more efficient manner. Designed as a potential retrofit option for existing Rankine cycle plants, the Integrated Mild/Partial Gasification Combined (IMPGC) Cycle is an attractive concept in cycle design that can greatly increase the efficiency of coal-based power plants, particularly for retrofitting an old Rankine cycle plant. Compared to the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), IMPGC uses mild gasification to purposefully leave most of the volatile matters within the feedstock intact (hence, yielding more chemical energy) compared to full gasification and uses partial gasification to leave some of the remaining char un-gasified compared to complete gasification. The larger hydrocarbons left over from the mild gasification process grant the resulting syngas a higher volumetric heating value, leading to a more efficient overall cycle performance. This is made possible due to the invention of a warm gas cleanup process invented by Research Triangle Institute (RTI), called the High Temperature Desulfurization Process (HTDP), which was recently commercialized. The leftover char can then be burned in a conventional boiler to boost the steam output of the bottom cycle, further increasing the efficiency of the plant, capable of achieving a thermal efficiency of 47.9% (LHV). This paper will first analyze the individual concepts used to create the baseline IMPGC model, including the mild and partial gasification processes themselves, the warm gas cleanup system, and the integration of the boiler with the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This baseline will then be compared with four other common types of power plants, including subcritical and ultra-supercritical (USC) Rankine cycles, IGCC, and natural gas. The results show that IMPGC consistently outperforms all other forms of coal-based power. IMPGC is more efficient than the standard subcritical Rankine cycle by nine percentage points, more than a USC Rankine cycle by nearly four points, and more than IGCC by seven points.

Redesigning a commercial combined cycle in an undergraduate thermodynamics course: Connecting theory to practical cycle design

2020 ◽  
pp. 030641902090464
Author(s):  
Tohru Suwa ◽  
Tetuko Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
Electric Company ◽  
Engineering Personnel

Due to various reasons, the concepts of thermodynamics are not easy to grasp for undergraduate students. One of the major reasons is that the students are mostly unfamiliar with the thermodynamics devices discussed in the courses. Offering courses with experiments is an effective approach to solve this issue. However, it is not practical or possible for universities to own devices that operate at high temperatures and with high pressure fluids. With the cooperation of a nearby electric company, undergraduate students of a thermodynamics course from the Department of Mechanical Engineering measured thermal performances of a commercial combined cycle and its sub-systems at the President University. After learning about the theory of thermal cycles, the students analyzed the thermal performances of actual thermodynamics cycles. Subsequently, they analyzed the thermal efficiency improvements when reheating or regeneration is applied to the simple Rankine cycle in the combined cycle. At the end of the course, the students gave presentations before the electric company’s management and engineering personnel, akin to professional engineers. This course is structured to familiarize undergraduate students with thermodynamics cycles and devices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document