scholarly journals Phytotoxic effects of Aeschynomene fluminensis Vell. on the initial growth of weeds and cultivated plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e37110212551
Author(s):  
Larissa Éllen Coelho ◽  
Silvana Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Antonio de Souza ◽  
Lindamir Hernandez Pastorini
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Glycine Max L

Allelopathy is analyzed as an alternative to herbicides due to the inhibitory or beneficent activities of its compounds with other organisms. Current paper discusses the effects of Aeschynomene fluminensis Vell. fractions on cultivated plant species, Lactuca sativa L. and Glycine max (L.) Merril, and on weeds, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donnel and Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde. Aqueous fractions at 0.80; 0.40; 0.20 and 0.10 mg mL-1 concentrations were employed for initial growth tests. Seeds were pre-germinated in distilled water and transferred to petri plates with separate fractions at different concentrations. Plates were maintained for 48 h in a germination chamber at 25°C for L. sativa and I. grandifolia and at 30°C for G.max and D. insularis. The length of hypocotyl (LH) and root (LR) was measured and LR and foliar length (LF) were taken for D. insularis seedlings. Parameters were employed to calculated inhibition percentage. Plants with morphological changes were fixed and analyzed anatomically. Results revealed LH and LR inhibition of lettuce seedlings in fractions with highest concentration rates. The same has been reported in the case of I. grandifolia. Butanolic, methanolic and chloroform fractions did not affect negatively soybean seedlings but they inhibited D. insularis seedlings´ LR. A. fluminensis fractions, especially at higher concentrations, inhibited seedlings´ growth and confirmed their phytotoxic capacity.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Action of the Níger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) on Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Gustavo Negro Devequi ◽  
Mateus Luiz de Oliveira Freitas ◽  
Flávia Helena de Moura Libório ◽  
Luciano Ivano Da Silva ◽  
Patrícia Da Costa Zonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Guizotia Abyssinica ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is an agricultural crop with a large increase in production in the last three decades and is an essential component in the manufacture of animal and human food. Understanding the interactions between crop and other plant species used as green manure that can improve yield and so reduce environmental damage. Forages can release secondary metabolites in the environment that influence in a beneficial or harmful way to other plants, characterizing the allelopathy process. The Níger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) is used in agricultural systems because it releases allelochemicals, especially flavonoids. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effects of the Niger straw on the germination and initial growth of soybean seedlings. The treatments consisted of aqueous extracts of niger stems, leaves and roots in different concentrations (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100%). For each treatment, five replications were performed, each composed by a 25 seeds distributed in gearbox kept in incubator chamber for 7 days at 25ºC and 12 hours photo period. The experimental design was completely randomized and the data were evaluated by analysis of variance and the means of treatments compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance. The results show a reduction in germination and initial growth of soybean seedlings submitted to aqueous extract of niger stem and roots. In contrast, the aqueous extract of the Niger leaves increased the length of soybean seedlings. The allelopathic effects of the Niger probably occur due to the presence of flavonoids in the tissues of this plant species.

scholarly journals Wpływ szczepów bakterii wyizolowanych z hydroponicznej uprawy sałaty (Lactuca sativa L.) na wzrost siewek sałaty, rosnących w obecnosci rożnych form pożywienia azotowego [Influence of bacterial strains isolated from hydroponic cultures of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) on the growth of lettuce seedlings growing in the presence of various forms of nitrogen nutrition]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Z. Kobierzyńska-Gołąb
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Hydroponic Cultures ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

320 bacterial strains isolated from the surface of cultivated plants, as well as from other parts of hydroponic cultures showed stimulating (49 bacterial strains) or inhibitory (9 bacterial strains) properties in respect to the investigated plant. The following bacteria were isolated: <i>Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Agrobacterium, Achromobacter</i> and <i>Chromobacterium</i>. The effects of active bacterial strains on the growth of seedlings were investigated in dependence on the kind of inorganic form of nitrogen present in the nutrient solutions. The same bacterial strains exerted a stimulating effect on seedlings growing on nitrates, weaker stimulation was observed in cultures with ammonium nitrate; the growth of lettuce seedlings on nutrient solution with ammonium only, was, as a rule, inhibited by the bacteria.

scholarly journals Ampelopsin Confers Endurance and Rehabilitation Mechanisms in Glycine max cv. Sowonkong under Multiple Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10943
Author(s):  
Elham Ahmed Kazerooni ◽  
Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi ◽  
Il-Doo Kim ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
In-Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein ◽  
Soybean Plants

The present investigation aims to perceive the effect of exogenous ampelopsin treatment on salinity and heavy metal damaged soybean seedlings (Glycine max L.) in terms of physiochemical and molecular responses. Screening of numerous ampelopsin concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 25 μM) on soybean seedling growth indicated that the 1 μM concentration displayed an increase in agronomic traits. The study also determined how ampelopsin application could recover salinity and heavy metal damaged plants. Soybean seedlings were irrigated with water, 1.5% NaCl or 3 mM chosen heavy metals for 12 days. Our results showed that the application of ampelopsin raised survival of the 45-day old salinity and heavy metal stressed soybean plants. The ampelopsin treated plants sustained high chlorophyll, protein, amino acid, fatty acid, salicylic acid, sugar, antioxidant activities and proline contents, and displayed low hydrogen peroxide, lipid metabolism, and abscisic acid contents under unfavorable status. A gene expression survey revealed that ampelopsin application led to the improved expression of GmNAC109, GmFDL19, GmFAD3, GmAPX, GmWRKY12, GmWRKY142, and GmSAP16 genes, and reduced the expression of the GmERF75 gene. This study suggests irrigation with ampelopsin can alleviate plant damage and improve plant yield under stress conditions, especially those including salinity and heavy metals.

scholarly journals Overexpression of GmRIQ2-like (Glyma.04G174400) Enhances the Tolerance of Strong Light Stress and Reduces Photoinhibition in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Jing Deng ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Huayi Yin ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Jiukun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop that serves as a source of edible oil and protein. However, little is known about its molecular mechanism of adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. Based on the Arabidopsis thaliana sequence database and Phytozome, a soybean gene that had a highly similar sequence to the reduced induction of the non-photochemical quenching2 (AtRIQ2) gene, GmRIQ2-like (accession NO.: Glyma.04G174400), was identified in this study. The gene structure analysis revealed that GmRIQ2-like encoded a transmembrane protein. Elements of the promoter analysis indicated that GmRIQ2-like participated in the photosynthesis and abiotic stress pathways. The subcellular localization results revealed that the protein encoded by GmRIQ2-like was located in chloroplasts. The quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR results revealed that GmRIQ2-like-overexpression (OE) and -knock-out (KO) transgenic soybean seedlings were cultivated successfully. The relative chlorophyll (Chl) and zeaxanthin contents and Chl fluorescence kinetic parameters demonstrated that GmRIQ2-like dissipated excess light energy by enhancing the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and reduced plant photoinhibition. These results suggested that GmRIQ2-like was induced in response to strong light and depressed Chl production involved in soybean stress tolerance. These findings indicate that the transgenic seedlings of GmRIQ2-like could be used to enhance strong light stress tolerance and protect soybean plants from photoinhibition damage. This study will serve as a reference for studying crop photoprotection regulation mechanisms and benefits the research and development of new cultivars.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Cyperus rotundus L. on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Glycine max L. cv. Grobogan

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Darmanti ◽  
Santosa Santosa ◽  
Kumala Dewi ◽  
L Hartanto Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Glycine Max L

Allelopathy is a phenomenon of direct or indirect, beneficial or adverse effects of a plant on its own or another plant through the release of chemicals into the environment. This experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effect of Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) tuber aqueous extract on seed germination and initial growth of Glycine max L. (soybean) seedlings. The experiment was performed in completely randomized (CRD) design with five replications, using a range of concentrations of aqueous tuber extracts of nutsedge, i.e.: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The petri dish experiment showed that with increase of the tuber extract concentration, a significant increase was noted in mean germination time (MGT), significant decreases in germination index (GI), growth tolerance index (GTI), wet weight seedling, dry weight seedling and  length of soybean seedling.  

Changes in L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and isoflavone phytoalexins accumulation in soybean seedlings infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 921-929
Author(s):  
Djordje Malenčić ◽  
Jelena Cvejić ◽  
Vesna Tepavčević ◽  
Mira Bursać ◽  
Biljana Kiprovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Isoflavone Content ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars (Meli, Alisa, Sava and 1511/99) were grown up to V1 phase (first trifoliate and one node above unifoliate) and then inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary under controlled conditions. Changes in L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and isoflavone phytoalexins were recorded 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the inoculation. Results showed an increase in PAL activity in all four examined soybean cultivars 48 h after the inoculation, being the highest in Alisa (2-fold higher). Different contents of total daidzein, genistein, glycitein and coumestrol were detected in all samples. Alisa and Sava increased their total isoflavone content (33.9% and 6.2% higher than control, respectively) as well as 1511/99, although 48 h after the inoculation its content decreased significantly. Meli exhibited the highest rate of coumestrol biosynthesis (72 h after the inoculation) and PAL activity (48 h after the inoculation). All investigated cultivars are invariably susceptible to this pathogen. Recorded changes could point to possible differences in mechanisms of tolerance among them.

scholarly journals Alelopatic Effects of Tectona grandis L.F. in the Germination and Initial Development of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Cunegundes da Silva ◽  
Emmanoella Costa Guaraná Araujo ◽  
Thiago Cardoso Silva ◽  
Adão Batista de Araújo ◽  
Tarcila Rosa da Silva Lins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Tectona grandis L.F. in various concentrations produced from leaves and flowers. Seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and germitest paper as substrate were used, the germitest paper was moistened with distilled water, and aqueous extract in concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% (distilled water). The extracts were homogeneously deposited on twenty-five seeds evenly distributed in gerbox-type boxes. The materials used in the experiment were previously sterilized with alcohol (70%). A completely randomized experimental design with four replicates was used and the experiment was conducted under natural conditions of temperature and humidity. The tests were carried out in the laboratory, the experiment was watched for 10 days always at the same hour and the variables analyzed were Germination Percentage (%G), Speed of Germination Index (SGI), Mean germination time (MGT) and Mean speed of germination (MSG). The data were submitted to Analysis of Variance and compared by Tukey test considering 95% of probability. It was observed that there were no significant differences in leaf and flower extracts for the variables %G, MGT and MSG, however, in SGI aqueous leaf extract differed significantly at the highest concentrations (75% and 100%). It was concluded that aqueous extracts of leaves and flowers of T. grandis had no inhibitory potential in relation to the percentage and average germination time of lettuce seeds at any of the concentrations.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jenis dan Dosis Mulsa Terang Bulan dan Kirinyuh Terhadap Pertumbuhan Gulma pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Syuhada Syuhada ◽  
Gina Erida ◽  
Hasanuddin Hasnuddin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Science Laboratory ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstrak. Pengendalian gulma merupakan suatu usaha guna menekan pertumbuhan gulma, tetapi tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap tanaman budidaya. Kehadiran gulma di antara tanaman budidaya dapat menyebabkan persaingan dalam hal memperbutkan air, unsur hara, cahaya dan ruang tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai mulsa gulma terhadap perubahan komposisi gulma pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Rumpeet, Kecamatan Krueng Barona Jaya, Aceh Besar dan di Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh yang dilaksanakan pada Januari sampai April 2018. Bahan yang digunakan adalah benih kedelai Dega-1 yang diperoleh dari Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi (Balitkabi) Malang. Rancangan percobaan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) fola faktorial 2 x 4 dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  jenis dan dosis mulsa tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah spesies gulma dan jumlah populasi gulma. Terdapat interaksi antara jenis dan dosis mulsa pada jumlah spesies gulma 56 Hari Setelah Tanam (HST).The Effect of Sun Weed Flower and Siam Weed Dose and Species toward the Weeds Growth to Soybean Plant (Glycine max L.)Abstrack. Weed controling is one of some step to attempt weed growth, but does not have any negatif effect to cultivated plants. The precense of weed among the cultivated plants can lead to competition in term of competing for waters, nutrients, lights and growing space. This research is aims to determine the effect of some weed mulch for weed alteration on soybean. This research was held in umpeet Village, Subdistric of Krueng Barona Jaya, Aceh Besar Regency and Weed Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala. The materials used is soybeans seed variety of Dega-1 that collected from Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi (Balitkabi) Malang. This research using Randomize Block Design (RBD) factorial pattern 2x4 repeated 3 times. The result of this research showed that the mulch’s species and dose were not affected by the number of weeds populations and species. There was an interaction between the mulch species and dose on weeds species number during 56 days after it was planted.

scholarly journals Pathogenic fungi infecting of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) roots and stem base

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Patkowska
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

The studies were conducted in the years 1996 - 1998 on an experimental plot of the University of Agriculture in Lublin localised in Czesławice near Nałęczów. The subject of the studies was soybean. Polan cultivar, and their purpose was to determine the species composition of fungi infecting the roots and stem base of this plant in different stages of its growth. The studies showed that on an area of 1 m<sup>2</sup>, 61-70 soybean seedlings and 60-69 plants at anthesis grew. The proporlion of infected seedlings ranged from 14,3% to 18%, while at anthesis only a small increase of the number of infected plants was observed. In the case of seedlings, the following fungi turned out to be most harmful: <i>P.irresulare, F.solani, R.solani</i> and <i>F.oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>glycines</i>. On the other hand, F.oxysporum f. sp. <i>glycines</i> had the greatest effect in infecting the roots and stem base ofplants at anthesis.

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