Allelopathic Action of the Níger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) on Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is an agricultural crop with a large increase in production in the last three decades and is an essential component in the manufacture of animal and human food. Understanding the interactions between crop and other plant species used as green manure that can improve yield and so reduce environmental damage. Forages can release secondary metabolites in the environment that influence in a beneficial or harmful way to other plants, characterizing the allelopathy process. The Níger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) is used in agricultural systems because it releases allelochemicals, especially flavonoids. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effects of the Niger straw on the germination and initial growth of soybean seedlings. The treatments consisted of aqueous extracts of niger stems, leaves and roots in different concentrations (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100%). For each treatment, five replications were performed, each composed by a 25 seeds distributed in gearbox kept in incubator chamber for 7 days at 25ºC and 12 hours photo period. The experimental design was completely randomized and the data were evaluated by analysis of variance and the means of treatments compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance. The results show a reduction in germination and initial growth of soybean seedlings submitted to aqueous extract of niger stem and roots. In contrast, the aqueous extract of the Niger leaves increased the length of soybean seedlings. The allelopathic effects of the Niger probably occur due to the presence of flavonoids in the tissues of this plant species.

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Phytotoxic effects of Aeschynomene fluminensis Vell. on the initial growth of weeds and cultivated plants

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. e37110212551

Author(s):

Larissa Éllen Coelho ◽

Silvana Maria de Oliveira ◽

Luiz Antonio de Souza ◽

Lindamir Hernandez Pastorini

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Cultivated Plant ◽

Glycine Max L

Allelopathy is analyzed as an alternative to herbicides due to the inhibitory or beneficent activities of its compounds with other organisms. Current paper discusses the effects of Aeschynomene fluminensis Vell. fractions on cultivated plant species, Lactuca sativa L. and Glycine max (L.) Merril, and on weeds, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donnel and Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde. Aqueous fractions at 0.80; 0.40; 0.20 and 0.10 mg mL-1 concentrations were employed for initial growth tests. Seeds were pre-germinated in distilled water and transferred to petri plates with separate fractions at different concentrations. Plates were maintained for 48 h in a germination chamber at 25°C for L. sativa and I. grandifolia and at 30°C for G.max and D. insularis. The length of hypocotyl (LH) and root (LR) was measured and LR and foliar length (LF) were taken for D. insularis seedlings. Parameters were employed to calculated inhibition percentage. Plants with morphological changes were fixed and analyzed anatomically. Results revealed LH and LR inhibition of lettuce seedlings in fractions with highest concentration rates. The same has been reported in the case of I. grandifolia. Butanolic, methanolic and chloroform fractions did not affect negatively soybean seedlings but they inhibited D. insularis seedlings´ LR. A. fluminensis fractions, especially at higher concentrations, inhibited seedlings´ growth and confirmed their phytotoxic capacity.

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Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Leguminous Plants—A Review

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081616 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1616

Author(s):

Božena Šerá ◽

Vladimír Scholtz ◽

Jana Jirešová ◽

Josef Khun ◽

Jaroslav Julák ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Species ◽

Thermal Plasma ◽

Microbial Inactivation ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Agricultural Crop ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Total Production ◽

Legume Seeds ◽

Non Thermal Plasma

The legumes (Fabaceae family) are the second most important agricultural crop, both in terms of harvested area and total production. They are an important source of vegetable proteins and oils for human consumption. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment is a new and effective method in surface microbial inactivation and seed stimulation useable in the agricultural and food industries. This review summarizes current information about characteristics of legume seeds and adult plants after NTP treatment in relation to the seed germination and seedling initial growth, surface microbial decontamination, seed wettability and metabolic activity in different plant growth stages. The information about 19 plant species in relation to the NTP treatment is summarized. Some important plant species as soybean (Glycine max), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), mung bean (Vigna radiata), black gram (V. mungo), pea (Pisum sativum), lentil (Lens culinaris), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and chickpea (Cicer aruetinum) are discussed. Likevise, some less common plant species i.g. blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius), Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and mimosa (Mimosa pudica, M. caesalpiniafolia) are mentioned too. Possible promising trends in the use of plasma as a seed pre-packaging technique, a reduction in phytotoxic diseases transmitted by seeds and the effect on reducing dormancy of hard seeds are also pointed out.

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Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass).

10.1079/cpc.28580.20210100324 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Parker

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Imperata Cylindrica ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Native Plant ◽

Natural Areas ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Wide Range ◽

Allelopathic Effects

Abstract I. cylindrica is a serious weed not only in crops but also in natural areas, causing serious economic and environmental damage. The ability of I. cylindrica to effectively compete for water and nutrients, spread and persist through the production of seeds and rhizomes that can survive a wide range of environmental conditions, and its allelopathic effects and pyrogenic nature, allow it to exclude native plant species and other desirable plants and dominate large areas of land.

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Ampelopsin Confers Endurance and Rehabilitation Mechanisms in Glycine max cv. Sowonkong under Multiple Abiotic Stresses

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222010943 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (20) ◽

pp. 10943

Author(s):

Elham Ahmed Kazerooni ◽

Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi ◽

Il-Doo Kim ◽

Muhammad Imran ◽

In-Jung Lee

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Protein Amino Acid ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Chlorophyll Protein ◽

Soybean Plants

The present investigation aims to perceive the effect of exogenous ampelopsin treatment on salinity and heavy metal damaged soybean seedlings (Glycine max L.) in terms of physiochemical and molecular responses. Screening of numerous ampelopsin concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 25 μM) on soybean seedling growth indicated that the 1 μM concentration displayed an increase in agronomic traits. The study also determined how ampelopsin application could recover salinity and heavy metal damaged plants. Soybean seedlings were irrigated with water, 1.5% NaCl or 3 mM chosen heavy metals for 12 days. Our results showed that the application of ampelopsin raised survival of the 45-day old salinity and heavy metal stressed soybean plants. The ampelopsin treated plants sustained high chlorophyll, protein, amino acid, fatty acid, salicylic acid, sugar, antioxidant activities and proline contents, and displayed low hydrogen peroxide, lipid metabolism, and abscisic acid contents under unfavorable status. A gene expression survey revealed that ampelopsin application led to the improved expression of GmNAC109, GmFDL19, GmFAD3, GmAPX, GmWRKY12, GmWRKY142, and GmSAP16 genes, and reduced the expression of the GmERF75 gene. This study suggests irrigation with ampelopsin can alleviate plant damage and improve plant yield under stress conditions, especially those including salinity and heavy metals.

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Overexpression of GmRIQ2-like (Glyma.04G174400) Enhances the Tolerance of Strong Light Stress and Reduces Photoinhibition in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10050157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Jing Deng ◽

Dongmei Li ◽

Huayi Yin ◽

Li Ma ◽

Jiukun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Transmembrane Protein ◽

Light Stress ◽

Photochemical Quenching ◽

Strong Light ◽

Knock Out ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Plants

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop that serves as a source of edible oil and protein. However, little is known about its molecular mechanism of adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. Based on the Arabidopsis thaliana sequence database and Phytozome, a soybean gene that had a highly similar sequence to the reduced induction of the non-photochemical quenching2 (AtRIQ2) gene, GmRIQ2-like (accession NO.: Glyma.04G174400), was identified in this study. The gene structure analysis revealed that GmRIQ2-like encoded a transmembrane protein. Elements of the promoter analysis indicated that GmRIQ2-like participated in the photosynthesis and abiotic stress pathways. The subcellular localization results revealed that the protein encoded by GmRIQ2-like was located in chloroplasts. The quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR results revealed that GmRIQ2-like-overexpression (OE) and -knock-out (KO) transgenic soybean seedlings were cultivated successfully. The relative chlorophyll (Chl) and zeaxanthin contents and Chl fluorescence kinetic parameters demonstrated that GmRIQ2-like dissipated excess light energy by enhancing the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and reduced plant photoinhibition. These results suggested that GmRIQ2-like was induced in response to strong light and depressed Chl production involved in soybean stress tolerance. These findings indicate that the transgenic seedlings of GmRIQ2-like could be used to enhance strong light stress tolerance and protect soybean plants from photoinhibition damage. This study will serve as a reference for studying crop photoprotection regulation mechanisms and benefits the research and development of new cultivars.

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Allelopathic Effect of Cyperus rotundus L. on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Glycine max L. cv. Grobogan

Bioma Berkala Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.14710/bioma.17.2.61-67 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sri Darmanti ◽

Santosa Santosa ◽

Kumala Dewi ◽

L Hartanto Nugroho

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Glycine Max L

Allelopathy is a phenomenon of direct or indirect, beneficial or adverse effects of a plant on its own or another plant through the release of chemicals into the environment. This experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effect of Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) tuber aqueous extract on seed germination and initial growth of Glycine max L. (soybean) seedlings. The experiment was performed in completely randomized (CRD) design with five replications, using a range of concentrations of aqueous tuber extracts of nutsedge, i.e.: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The petri dish experiment showed that with increase of the tuber extract concentration, a significant increase was noted in mean germination time (MGT), significant decreases in germination index (GI), growth tolerance index (GTI), wet weight seedling, dry weight seedling and length of soybean seedling.

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Changes in L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and isoflavone phytoalexins accumulation in soybean seedlings infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-013-0201-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 921-929

Author(s):

Djordje Malenčić ◽

Jelena Cvejić ◽

Vesna Tepavčević ◽

Mira Bursać ◽

Biljana Kiprovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Pal Activity ◽

Isoflavone Content ◽

Lyase Activity ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars (Meli, Alisa, Sava and 1511/99) were grown up to V1 phase (first trifoliate and one node above unifoliate) and then inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary under controlled conditions. Changes in L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and isoflavone phytoalexins were recorded 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the inoculation. Results showed an increase in PAL activity in all four examined soybean cultivars 48 h after the inoculation, being the highest in Alisa (2-fold higher). Different contents of total daidzein, genistein, glycitein and coumestrol were detected in all samples. Alisa and Sava increased their total isoflavone content (33.9% and 6.2% higher than control, respectively) as well as 1511/99, although 48 h after the inoculation its content decreased significantly. Meli exhibited the highest rate of coumestrol biosynthesis (72 h after the inoculation) and PAL activity (48 h after the inoculation). All investigated cultivars are invariably susceptible to this pathogen. Recorded changes could point to possible differences in mechanisms of tolerance among them.

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Allelopathic effects of water extracts of pieces of wooly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) on the seedlings of field crops

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/72/1610 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 167-170

Author(s):

Arnold Szilágyi ◽

László Radócz

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Row Crops ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Field Crops ◽

Fast Spreading ◽

Woolly Cupgrass ◽

Allelopathic Effects ◽

Eriochloa Villosa

In Hungary, the woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa [Thunb.] Kunth) endanger row crops (i.e. corn, sunflower). Its fast spreading based on some reason viz. long-lasting emergence, reduced sensitivity to many kinds of herbicides, vigorous competitional ability and fast initial growth. Allelopathy, ability of many plant species to produce one or more biochemicals wgich is used tocompete with each others. In this experiment we examined, whether the woolly cupgrass possesses allelopathy, and if so, how influences on the development of cultured crops like maize, sunflower and lettuce.

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Uji Keefektifan Antijamur Ekstrak Air Rimpang Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga [L] Willd.) sebagai Perlakuan Pratanam untuk Mengendalikan Colletotrichum spp. pada Kedelai (Glycine max L.)

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v26i2.8468 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Endah Yulia ◽

Tarkus Suganda ◽

Fitri Widiantini ◽

Rangga Irawan Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Alpinia Galanga ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Negative Impacts

ABSTRACTAntifungal Effect of Aqueous Extract of Galangal (Alpinia galanga [L] Willd.) Rhizomeas Seed Treatment to Control Colletotrichum spp. of Soybean (Glycine max L.)Colletotrichum is one of the most important seed-borne pathogens of soybean which is usuallycontrolled with synthetic fungicide seed treatment. However, it is believed that the use ofsynthetic fungicide can cause a variety of negative impacts to the environment and humanhealth. Galangal rhizome extract has been widely reported to have antifungal and antibacterialproperties. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of galangal rhizomeaqueous extract as antifungal for pre-planting seed treatment to control Colletotrichum spp. insoybean. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments were carried out at the Department of PlantPests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used was anexperimental method to test the effectiveness of galangal rhizome aqueous extract against theemergence and spore germination suppression of Colletotrichum spp., and to test the seedviability and plant growth of soybean. Galangal rhizome extract with concentrations of 10%,30%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100% as well as a metalaxyl fungicide (0.5 g/l) were applied as aseed treatment. The results showed galangal rhizome aqueous extract at concentration of100% reduced the presence of Colletotrichum spp. in seeds up to 100% after the treatment andsuppressed the spore germination by 76.20% as well as increased the seed viability and thegrowth of soybean plants.Keywords: Alpinia galanga, aqueous extract, seed treatment, soybean, Colletotrichum spp.ABSTRAKUmumnya pengendalian penyakit tular benih pada kedelai dilakukan melalui perlakuan benihdengan menggunakan fungisida sintetik yang diakui dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatifpada lingkungan maupun kesehatan manusia. Penggunaan ekstrak air rimpang lengkuas untukperlakuan benih dapat diterapkan sebagai alternatif pengendalian penyakit tular benih padakedelai. Lengkuas telah banyak dilaporkan memiliki sifat antijamur dan antibakteri. Penelitian inidilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan ekstrak air rimpang lengkuas sebagaiantijamur untuk perlakuan benih dalam mengendalikan penyakit tular benih pada kedelai.Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboraturium Fitopatologi dan rumah kaca Departemen Hama danPenyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan pengujian keefektifan air persaan rimpang lengkuasterhadap kemunculan, penekanan perkecambahan konidia, uji pertumbuhan benih, dan viabilitasbenih jamur Colletotrichum spp. pada kedelai. Ekstrak air rimpang lengkuas dengan konsentrasi10%; 30%; 50%; 70%; 90%; dan 100% serta fungsida berbahan aktif metalaksil (0,5 g/l)diaplikasikan sebagai perlakuan benih kedelai. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan ekstrak air rimpanglengkuas konsentrasi 100% dapat menekan sampai 100% kemunculan Colletotrichum spp. setelah perlakuan benih, menekan perkecambahan konidia sebesar 76,20% serta meningkatkanpertumbuhan dan viabilitas benih kedelai.Kata kunci: engkuas, ekstrak air, perlakuan benih, kedelai, Colletotrichum spp.

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