Development of the teeth, cervical vertebrae, hand and wrist combined for the estimation of the biological age

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e8510312948
Author(s):  
Marisa de Matos Ferraz Pêgo ◽  
Paola Fernanda Leal Corazza ◽  
Fernando Martins Baeder ◽  
Daniel Furtado Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Lyra de Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Dental Development ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Combination Of Methods

This study aims to perform age estimation using three different parameters from dental and skeletal development. The sample consisted of 98 dental records of patients aged from 10 to 16 years old, containing the chronological age and a set of radiographs (panoramic, lateral cephalometric and carpal radiographs) taken in the same day. The biological age was assessed through the dental development from panoramic radiographs according to the Nicodemo's method. The stages of dental development were registered and imported in CRONOL software (UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil), which provided the estimated dental age. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed to assess the development of the vertebrae C2, C3 and C4. And carpal radiographs were evaluated according to Fishman's method. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the chronological and estimated age. T-test for unpaired samples was used to compare the normal data. Chi-square test was used to analyze the age in function of sex. Moderate and strong correlations were found between the chronological and biological (estimated) ages for all the methods. Statistically significant differences between the development of males and females were not observed (p>0.05). A linear regression formula was designed to allow age estimates statistically more accurate (p<0.0001). The formula reached an accuracy rate of 71.4%. In general, the methods underestimated the age. The combination of methods led to optimal performances for age estimation. The performances were similar between males and females.

scholarly journals A Pragmatic Study of Requests by Males and Females in Online Religious Forums

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. p70
Author(s):  
Othman Khalid Al Shboul
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Request Strategies ◽  
Pragmatic Study

The current study investigates the request strategies used by males and females in online religious forums. It aims to explore request types realized by linguistic formulas used by males and females when they make requests in computer-mediated communication. The study offers pragmatic and sociolinguistic explanations for these differences. It also discusses the functions of these requestive forms such as asking for more clarifications or to request the addressee to answer a question directly. This study found that there are seven strategies used by the participants to make their requests. Most of which are shared by males and females. The study applied Chi-square test to show whether or not the differences in the use of each type of requests between the two groups (males and females) are statistically significant.

scholarly journals Incidence of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular First Molars in Palestinian Population: A Clinical Investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed Mukhaimer ◽  
Zafer Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
American University ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
Palestinian Population ◽  
Mandibular First Molar

Purpose. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate clinically the percentage of permanent mandibular first molar teeth with three roots amongst Palestinian population. Patients and Methods. Three hundred twenty-two mandibular first molars from 185 females and 137 males scheduled for root canal treatment at the Dental Center of the Arab American University were examined over a 2-year period. The incidence of a third root revealed by periapical radiographs and the comparison of the occurrence between males and females and between the right and left sides of the mandible were recorded. Statistical Analysis. It was performed using the chi-square test with a significant level set at P<0.05%. Results. Of the 322 treated mandibular first molars, twelve teeth were found to have a third root with an overall incidence being 3.73%. More teeth with a third root were treated on the right side of the mandible compared to the left side. Conclusion. The incidence of a third root in Palestinian population was within the range of previous reports from the Middle East but considerably lower than the percentage from the Far East.

scholarly journals POPULATION PARAMETERS OF ENDEAVOUR SHRIMP (Metapenaeus ensis de Haan) IN BINUANGEUN AND ADJACENT WATERS, WEST JAVA

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ali Suman ◽  
Prihatiningsih Prihatiningsih ◽  
Pratiwi Lestari ◽  
Andina Ramadhani Putri Pane
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Length ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exploitation Rate ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Maturity

Study on the population dynamic of endeavour shrimp (Metapenaus ensis) was conducted in Binuangeun waters based on data collected during period of survey, January to November 2016. The purpose of the study was to identify population parameters of the endeavour shrimp. Result showed that the endeavor shrimp growth pattern in Binuangeun waters was negative allometric and sex ratio of males and females was 1.0 : 2.7. The chi square test indicated that comparison of male and female of the endeavour shrimp was significantly different. It mean that there was imbalance in number between males and females. The length at first capture (Lc) of endeavour shrimp was 28.9 mm (carapace length),smaller than the length at first maturity (Lm) at 37.7 mm (carapace length). The growth parameter of endeavour shrimp was 1.33/year with maximum carapace length (Loo) of 51.45 mm. Instantenous total mortality (Z) and natural mortality (M) were 7.74/year and 1.88/year, respectively. While fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) respectively were 5.86/year and 0.76/year. The exploitation rate of endeavour shrimp in Binuangeun and adjacent waters was high. It was, therefore, recommended that fishing effort of the endeavour shrimp in that waters should be reduced about 52 % in the next year.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene and Nutrition Habits of Young People in Greece Aged 18 to 25 and Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Georgios S Chatzopoulos ◽  
Vasiliki P. Koidou
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nutrition Habits ◽  
Medium Hardness

SUMMARYPurpose: The aim of this paper is to document the oral hygiene and nutrition habits of young people (aged 18 to 25) in Greece.Material and Methods: In a random sample of 100 people in Greece aged 18 to 25, a questionnaire including 23 questions (4 demographical and 19 other) was given. The frequency, the usual reason for visiting the dentist, the frequency of brushing, the type of toothbrush and the criteria for choosing toothbrush and toothpaste were searched. The nutrition habits were recorded as frequency in receiving sugar or no sugar meals during the day. The statistical analysis included frequencies and the use of chi-square test for interrelation with the demographical questions.Results: 72% of the sample visits the dentist at least once a year, while the reason for visiting was prevention in 69%. 85% brushes at least twice a day, and the same percentage uses medium hardness toothbrush. The choice of the toothpaste is based on flavour and fragrance in 25%. The frequency of receiving sugar meals was recorded as 45% once daily and 43% in 2 or 3 times daily (p<0.05 between smokers and non smokers). 78% of the young people receives less than 5 meals and snacks per day. There was no statistically significant difference between different available monthly budgets in the sample for the oral hygiene and nutrition habits.Conclusion: More than 1/3 of young people in Greece aged 18 to 25 visits the dentist at least once yearly for prevention and uses medium hardness toothbrush. The frequency of sugar consumption was significantly higher in smokers when compared to non smokers. Statistically significant differences were not observed between males and females except for the frequency in brushing (p<0.05). A review of the literature was performed for issues related to this project.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOMETRY OF THE EXTERNAL EAR AMONG ADULT IJAWS IN BAYELSA STATE OF NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
E. I. Edibamode ◽  
K. Mordi ◽  
L. K. David ◽  
A. M. Eghoi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background. External ear measurement is of utmost importance in reconstructive surgeries. Objectives. The present study is aimed at ascertaining sexual dimorphism in external ear anthropometry and ear lobe attachments among adults Ijaws in Bayelsa, Nigeria. Methods. A total of 112 adults within the age range of 18-50 yrs, who met the inclusion criteria, were involved in the study. Four linear dimensions of the ear, which are ear length (EL), ear width (EW), lobular length (LL) and lobular width (LW), were measured for both genders. The lobular attachment for both ears for males and females were also examined and results recorded. These data were subjected to Student t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation using SPSS version 20.0. Results. The mean values for EL, EW, LL, and LW for the left auricle in the males and females were 58.14±0.60, 27.41±0.37, 14.47±0.27, 13.50±0.34 and 57.90±0.16, 27.45±0.65, 15.41±0.31, 13.43±0.38 respectively. However, for the right auricle in the males and females, the values were 58.40±0.45, 28.21±0.68, 14.32±0.31, 13.04±0.32, and 56.66±1.10, 27.51±0.65, 15.58±0.29, 13.28±0.34 respectively. The left and right lobular length were the only parameters that proved statistical significance (p<0.05) in females compare to males. Pearson’s correlations between right and left sides for each of the parameters were positive and significant. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant relationship (p>0.05) between earlobe attachments and gender. Conclusions. Sexual dimorphism was thus established in the Ijaw population as regards lobular length dimensions. It is believed that the results of this study would be very useful for ear morphology and reconstructive surgeries.

Substance Use in Dance Sport

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Sekulic ◽  
Radmila Kostic ◽  
Durdica Miletic
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Male Dancers

Very few studies have been conducted on substance use (SU) in performing sports. In the current study, we analyzed SU and factors related to SU in dance sport. The sample subjects consisted of 21 female and 22 male dancers, all >19 years of age, who were given an anonymous questionnaire developed for this study. The questionnaire consisted of questions about 1) social, cultural, educational, and sport-related factors, and 2) SU, including alcohol, opiates, cigarettes, and doping consumption, and personal opinions. The chi-square test was used to define the differences between male and female dancers. To identify the relationships between the studied factors and SU, the Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated separately in males and females. We found a relatively low incidence of cigarette smoking (<10%) and significant differences between males and females in opinions regarding doping issues. The level of the sport achievement in females and religiousness in male dancers was significantly related to SU. Although not frequent, the consumption of alcohol was more common in more successful and experienced dancers. The use of pain killers was related to age in female dancers (all at p < 0.05). Based on these results, we recommend educational programs regarding SU, especially about doping problems, in sport dance.

scholarly journals Perbedaan maturasi skeletal ditinjau dari berat badan dan jenis kelamin pada anak usia 8-12 tahunThe difference in skeletal maturation of children aged 8-12 years between underweight and normal

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Jeffri Vermilion ◽  
Mimi Marina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Pendahuluan: Periode tumbuh kembang pada perawatan pasien ortodonti merupakan hal penting untuk menentukan waktu perawatan maloklusi yang dapat dilihat dari maturasi skeletal. Perawatan kelas II skeletal paling baik dimulai pada masa pubertas atau cervical vertebrae maturation stage (CVMS) 3 atau 4 yaitu sekitar umur 10-12 tahun pada perempuan dan 12-14 pada laki-laki, dan pada kelas III pada masa prepubertal atau CVMS 1 yaitu sekitar 8-9 tahun untuk perempuan dan 8-11 tahun untuk laki-laki. Maturasi skeletal dapat dipengaruhi oleh status gizi seseorang. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbedaan maturasi skeletal pada anak usia 8-12 tahun ditinjau berat badan dan jenis kelamin. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik yang dilakukan pada 100 pasien ortodonti RSGM USU usia 8-12 tahun terdiri dari 50 pasien berat badan kurang dan 50 pasien berat badan normal. Pasien berat badan kurang dan normal diperoleh melalui pengukuran berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran maturasi skeletal menggunakan metode Bacetti yang terdiri dari CVMS 1-CVMS 6 dengan uji chi-square sebagai data analisis. Hasil: Maturasi skeletal berat badan kurang sebanyak 40% CVMS 1, 30% CVMS 2, 16% CVMS 3, 12% CVMS 4, dan 2% CVMS 5, sedangkan pada berat badan normal 12% CVMS 1, 34% CVMS 2, 26% CVMS 3, 18% CVMS 4, dan 10% CVMS 5. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan maturasi skeletal dengan berat badan kurang dan normal diperoleh nilai p=0,015; p<0,05 dan menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara maturasi skeletal dengan jenis kelamin dimana p<0,05. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan maturasi skeletal antara berat badan kurang dan normal namun tidak terdapat perbedaan maturasi skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan pada anak usia 8-12 tahun.Kata kunci: Maturasi skeletal, indeks massa tubuh, metode Bacetti. ABSTRACTIntroduction: The growth and development period in orthodontic treatment is important in determining the malocclusion treatment timing, which can be seen from skeletal maturation. Class II skeletal treatment is best started at puberty or cervical vertebrae maturation stage (CVMS) 3 or 4, around the age of 10-12 years in women and 12-14 in men. In class III skeletal treatment is best started at the prepubertal period or CVMS 1, namely about 8-9 years for women and 8-11 years for men. Skeletal maturation can be affected by a person's nutritional status. This study was aimed to analyse the differences in skeletal maturation in children aged 8-12 years in terms of body weight and sex. Methods: This type of analytical observational study was conducted on 100 orthodontic patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital aged 8-12 years consisting of 50 underweight patients and 50 normal-weight patients. The patients' weight was obtained through measurements based on body mass index; then, the skeletal maturation was measured using the Bacetti method consisting of CVMS 1-CVMS 6 with the chi-square test as data analysis. Results: Underweight skeletal maturation was 40% CVMS 1, 30% CVMS 2, 16% CVMS 3, 12% CVMS 4, and 2% CVMS 5, while at normal weight 12% CVMS 1, 34% CVMS 2, 26 % CVMS 3, 18% CVMS 4, and 10% CVMS 5. The chi square test results showed differences in skeletal maturation with underweight and normal body weight, the value of p=0.015; p<0.05 and no significant difference between skeletal maturation and sex where p<0.05. Conclusion: There is a difference in skeletal maturation between underweight and normal body weight, but there is no difference in skeletal maturation between sex in children aged 8-12 years.Keywords: Skeletal maturation, body mass index, Bacetti method.

scholarly journals POLA PERGERAKAN KATAK BATU BERBINTIK HITAM (Staurois gutattus Gunther, 1859) DI GUNUNG POTENG KALIMANTAN BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Jakaria ◽  
Junardi Junardi ◽  
Riyandi Riyandi
Keyword(s):  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Test Result

Movement patterns has been observed in black-spotted rock frog (Staurois gutattus). The aim of this study was to obtain data movement patterns. This research was conducted at Mountain Poteng, West Kalimantan. Data were analized graphically to explain the relationship between the used parameters. There are 20 individual frogs were observed for 24 hours by using a spool track, which consists of 10 males and females. Chi square test result values of alignment grooves conducted on 20 individual frogs were observed during the 24 hours of observation showed that the χ2 count < χ2 table with a value of (χ2 = 0,61 < 3,481, p = 0,05; Chi square test), it shows that the pattern of movement of male and female frogs do not stay away from the starting point of observation.

scholarly journals VALUE AND SENSE PREFERENCES OF MODERN STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Elena Andreevna Likhacheva ◽  
Olga Alekseevna Shumakova
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
First Year ◽  
State University ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dynamic Time ◽  
Medical University

Background. In the context of the worldview transformations that our dynamic time is so rich in, questions of the value and sense preferences of a person become especially relevant. These issues are especially significant in the youthful period. The awareness of young people of their value and sense preferences allows them to build their own path of behavior. Aim: The article aims to study value and sense preferences in adolescence (for example, in university students). Materials and methods. The study involved first to five-year students of Chelyabinsk State University, South Ural State Medical University and South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University aged 17–22 (n = 100, 60 females and 40 males). The followingpsychodiagnostic methods were used: the test of meaning-life orientations (MLO) by D.A. Leontiev; the Value Orientations method by M. Rokich. To check the significance of differences, the Student t-test for independent samples, the Pearson Chi-square test and the r-Spearman correlation coefficient were calculated using the IBM SPSS STATISTICS v.23 statistical software package. Results. It was found that the indicators of MLO in first-year students are slightly higher than in fourth or fifth-year students, while the rates for females are higher than for males. The predominant interest is in the values of personal life and individualistic values, while abstract and conformist values are not particularly significant for males and females in these samples. Conclusion. The data obtained allow to judge about various value and sense preferences in the youthful period. Value and sense preferences are determined by honesty and courage in persisting in one’s opinion, determining the purpose of life, understanding personal responsibility for one’s life and its results. 

scholarly journals The Use of Compliment Response Strategies among Iranian Learners of English: Researching Interlocutors' Relative Power and Gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Seyyed Hatam Tamimi Sa’d
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

This article reports on a study that set out to investigate how Iranian EFL learners respond to compliments in English. The data were collected using a discourse completion task (DCT) consisting of a variety of situations that required the participants, 26 EFL learners (13 males and 13 females) to respond to compliments directed at them. The data were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. To this end, the participants’ responses were coded according to a coding scheme adopted from Yu (2004) which identified six compliment response strategies (CRSs). The findings indicated that, regardless of or concerning gender and power (–P and =P), the first three most frequent CR strategies included “Acceptance”, “Combination” and “Amendment”. These findings were then analyzed in light of previous similar studies that revealed that the participants had followed their first cultural norms not only in usingthe strategies mentioned above but also in employing very infrequently such strategies as “Face Relationship”, “No acknowledgment”, and “Nonacceptance”. As regards the role of gender, a Chi-square test was run which showed that males and females differed significantly in their use of CRSs. Furthermore, males used more CR strategies compared to females.The qualitative analysis of the semantic formulas of the CR strategies also revealed that, by accepting a compliment, Iranian EFL learners sought agreement and consequently relied on positive politeness to foster rapport and solidarity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document