scholarly journals Inclusion levels of flour made from smoked Nile tilapia trimmings in extruded corn snacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e33410817243
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Douglas Dário Siqueira da Silva ◽  
Iracema Lima Pereira ◽  
Letícia Matias Pinheiro Rocha ◽  
Gislaine Gonçalves Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Extruded Snacks ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Corn Snacks ◽  
Different Levels

This study aimed to elaborate extruded corn snacks with the inclusion of flour made from smoked Nile tilapia trimmings, as well as evaluate the chemical, sensory and microbiological composition. The tilapia trimmings flour was incorporated in four levels, one of them was the control (without inclusion) and then 5%, 10% and 15% added in the corn grits. The microbiological analysis shows that the flours and snacks prepared are within the microbiological standards. The shavings flour presented 8.89% moisture, 60.87% protein, 15.7% ash and 11.68% carbohydrates. The inclusion of different levels of tilapia flour in the extruded snacks significantly influenced only the content of protein, moisture and carbohydrates. The protein content increased as the level of inclusion of shavings in the snacks increased, while the carbohydrate content decreased. For protein, there was a positive linear effect, whose contents went from 7.06% to 11.44%. Carbohydrate had a negative linear effect, reducing from 78.20% to 72. 63%. The moisture content showed a quadratic effect, with a range from 5.26 to 6.03%.  As for sensory analysis, there was no significant difference for any of the attributes evaluated between the different treatments. It is recommended to include up to 15% of Nile tilapia trimmings flour in extruded corn snacks with an increase in protein content of up to 38.29% and a reduction of up to 7.12% in carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Preparation of Extruded Snacks with Flavored Flour Obtained from the Carcasses of Nile Tilapia: Physicochemical, Sensory, and Microbiological Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex P. Justen ◽  
Maria Luiza Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Antonio R. G. Monteiro ◽  
Jane M. G. Mikcha ◽  
Eliane Gasparino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Extruded Snacks

scholarly journals Gonad Histology, Proximate Composition and Growth Efficiency of Nile Tilapia Fed with Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seeds Powder

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerusha Njeri Waweru ◽  
Phillip Okoth Raburu ◽  
Elizabeth Akinyi Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

The study was carried out to determine the effect of different inclusion levels of pawpaw seeds powder (PSP) on the proximate composition, growth and histological structure of Nile tilapia gonads.  Nile tilapia were treated with pawpaw seeds powder at four levels at 0 g, 4 g, 8 g and 12 g PSP/kg feed for 60 days. The proximate composition of the carcass of the  Nile tilapia showed that the 8 g PSP/kg feed treatment group had the highest values (mean ± SE) of Crude protein  and ash (53.97 ± 0.094 and 20.05 ± 0.35) respectively. The highest body weight gain and specific growth rate was achieved at the 8 g PSP/kg treatment level but this treatment level showed the lowest feed conversion ratio. Histology of gonads of Nile tilapia treated with different levels of PSP revealed that ovaries and testes of 0 g PSP/kg feed were normal. Ovaries of the 4 g PSP/kg feed had degenerative stromas while testes had scanty spermatozoa. At 8 g PSP/kg feed, the ovaries showed increased atretic follicles and testes had degeneration of spermatozoa.Treatment with 12 g PSP/kg feed resulted in severe atretic follicles of the ovaries and deformation of seminiferous tubules and erosion of spermatozoa of the testes. The results of this study showed that pawpaw seeds powder can be used to control the breeding of Nile tilapia in production units.

scholarly journals Impact of increasing levels of spineless-cactus meal on the ingestive behaviour of grazing steers

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4457
Author(s):  
George Abreu Filho ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Magna Silva Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Fibre Degradation ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Average Body

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of spineless-cactus meal substituting for maize in diets for supplemented steers grazing on Urochoa brizantha during the postweaning phase. The experiment was conducted on Princesa do Mateiro farm, located in Ribeirão do Largo-BA, Brazil. Forty crossbred steers with an average body weight of 261 ± 7.46 kg were distributed into four groups for evaluation of the following four levels of substitution of ground maize for spinelesscactus meal: 0.00, 30.00, 60.00, and 90.00%. The results were analysed statistically by variance and regression analyses at a 5% error probability. Increasing the amount of spineless-cactus meal in the diet had a quadratic effect on the grazing time and on the time spent on other activities. The diet had a quadratic effect on the number of grazing periods, the number of periods at the trough, and the total feeding and chewing times. In contrast, the number of periods spent on other activities and on rumination was not influenced by the level of spineless-cactus meal. The bite rate, number of bites per swallow, and number of bites per day increased linearly, whereas the swallowing time and number of cuds ruminated per day decreased as the level of spineless-cactus meal added to the diet wasincreased. The feed and rumination efficiencies of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, crude protein, and non-fibre carbohydrates were not influenced by the level of substitution of spineless-cactus meal for ground maize. Spinelesscactus meal levels close to 60% probably provided greater fibre degradation, leading the animals to spend more time on social interactions with the group, use the feed better, and possibly have a better feed conversion.

scholarly journals Nutritional, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of alfajor prepared with dehydrated mixture of salmon and tilapia

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia Setsuko Kimura ◽  
Maria Luiza Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Rafaela Verdi ◽  
Melina Franco Coradini ◽  
Jane Martha Graton Mikcha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Score ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Different Levels

Current assay deals with the preparation of alfajores with different levels (0 to 15%) of dehydrated fish mixture of salmon (10%) and tilapia (90%) to assess the sensorial characteristics and their centesimal composition and microbiological. Fish inclusion in alfajores did not affect the aroma, taste, texture, color and physical aspect, with scores ranging between 6.70 and 7.96 of a hedonic scale of 9 score. An average score of 4 in a 5-score purchasing intention scale was obtained, or rather, tasters would probably buy the product. In the case of centesimal composition, inclusion affected (p <0.05) humidity (between 2.74 and 3.40%) and ash (between 0.31 and 1.01%) rates, with a quadratic effect; protein (between 5.35 and 7.12%) with positive linear effect; carbohydrates (between 72.64 and 75.79%) with negative linear effect. There was no difference (p >0.05) in lipids and calorie rates in the alfajores. Results show that the inclusion of up to 15% of a dehydrated mixture of salmon (10%) and tilapia (90%) in alfajores was greatly accepted and improved their nutrition values. Further, the product was also within the microbiological standards required by Brazilian sanitary laws. 

scholarly journals Growth of forage palm cultivars irrigated with saline waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1421-1434
Author(s):  
Mariana de Oliveira Pereira ◽  
◽  
Jailton Garcia Ramos ◽  
Beatriz de Araújo Tomaz ◽  
João Henrique de Andrade Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Nopalea Cochenillifera

Forage palm (Cactaceae) is considered an important resource in the semiarid region of Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different levels of salinity in irrigation water on the growth of three forage palm cultivars. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Campina Grande (7° 12’ 52.6’’ S; 35° 54’ 22.3’’ W) in 120 L pots open to the sky. The experiment was a complete randomized block, with four replications and a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four levels of salinity in irrigation water with electrical conductivity of 0.2, 2.0, 3.8, and 5.6 dS m–1, and three forage palm cultivars: Miúda or Doce (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck), Orelha de Elefante (Opuntia stricta), and Baiana or IPA–Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck). At 150 days after treatments, it was evaluated: length, width and perimeter of primary and secondary cladodes and total number of cladodes. Variance analysis was performed using an F-test (p < 0.05); significant effects were subjected to quadratic regression analysis for the quantitative variable, and the Tukey test (p < 0.05) for the qualitative variable. Salinity levels in irrigation water did not affect the growth variables. There was a significant difference in the growth of forage palm as a function of its cultivar. The Baiana cultivar showed the highest vegetative growth of length and perimeter of primary and secondary cladodes, while Miúda and Orelha de Elefante presented the greatest cladode numbers for plant and cladode widths, respectively.

scholarly journals Growth of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed diets with different levels of proteins of yeast

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandir Medri ◽  
Waldir Medri ◽  
Mauro Caetano Filho
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Yeast Protein ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels

This experiment was based on observations of 72 juveniles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), sexually reverted with an initial mean weight of 37.27 ± 4.92g, distributed in 12 cages of 100 l to evaluate the effects of the yeast inclusion as proteins source in the diet. The fishes were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0; 20; 40; and 60%) of yeast protein in substitution to the protein of traditional sources with three repetitions. Effects of the treatments were not observed (p > 0.05) on the survival and to food conversion. It was observed a quadratic effect on weight gain (Y = 73.39 + 0.173X - 0.0034X²; R²= 0.9986). It was concluded the best level of yeast inclusion as source proteins in the diet for reversed Nile tilapia juvenile was 25.44%.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN DAN NAUNGAN TERHADAP KERAGAAN DAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN KASAR RUMPUT Brachiaria humidicola

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Juneidid S. Togelang ◽  
D. A. Kaligis ◽  
F. Dompas ◽  
N. Bawoleh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Simultaneous Test ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SHADING LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE AND CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT OF Brachiaria humidicola. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different levels of shading and nitrogen on the performance and nitrogen content of B. Humidicola. The treatment were consisted of four levels of nitrogen in from of urea fertilizer: P1 = 0 kg/Ha, P2 = 50 kg/Ha, P3 = 100 kg/Ha, P4 = 150 kg/Ha, and three levels of shading: N1 = 0%, N2 = 40% dan N3 = 70%. Treatmens   was arranged in infactorial based on ramdomized block design (RBD). Date was analysis by using Minitab Version 11, and followed with Turkey Simultaneous Test, to determined the different among treatments, from analysis of variance. The result showed the higher number of tiller was found at the interaction of P3N1, P4N1, P2N2 and P3N2, with significantly different compared to the other interactions. Furthermore, analysis of varians showed the interaction of the treatments were effected significantly on the content of crude protein (P < 0,05) where the interaction of N1P4 has the crude protein content 9,74% significantly higher (P < 0,05) compared to other interactions. On the other hand the interaction of the treatments was not effected significantly (P < 0,05) on the leaf: steam ratio. Based on the result of this experiment it can be concluded that B. humidicola responsive to nitrogen farilizer up to 100 kg urea/Ha to provide optimal performance and crude protein content under shade of 40%. Keywords: Nitrogen, Shading Performance, Crude Protein, humidicola.

scholarly journals The effects of different levels of protein and silymarin on the population growth and hypopharyngeal gland surface of honey bee workers (Apis mellifera meda)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-358
Author(s):  
Sayed Hossaini ◽  
Mohsen Sari ◽  
Gholamhosein Tahmasbi ◽  
Morteza Chaji
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Different Levels

A pollen substitute is a valuable resource to maintain bee colonies strong and healthy, in the absence of pollen in sufficient quantities in nature. Hence, the current study was performed to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary proteins and silymarin (SM) as a natural antioxidant, on honey bee worker colonies. The study was carried out as a completely randomized design in an experiment conducted using 36 honey bee colonies in a completely randomized design with nine experimental treatments (four levels of crude protein 0, 20, 30 and 40%, two levels of silymarin 0 and 0.2 mM and pure pollen (control)), and four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in autumn 2015. In current study parameters such as workers in sealed broods, newborn workers bee weight, body protein and, the amount of development of Hypopharyngeal gland surface were studied. Soybean meal, maize and wheat gluten were included as pollen substitutes. Based on the results of the pre-experiment, SM supplement at a dose of two-tenths mM improved the survival of bees. Capped broods number using the divided box into squares with 2 ? 2 cm, newborn workers bee weight using the balance, body protein based on the percentage of body weight and development of the Hypopharyngeal gland surface using microscopes and micrometers were measured. The results showed that there was a significant difference between treatments in terms of laying eggs (P <0.05). The highest and lowest rate of workers in sealed broods were related to treatment containing 30% protein and SM (12467 cells) and sucrose treatment (2042 cells), respectively. Also, the highest and lowest newborn workers bee weight were related to pollen treatment and the sucrose treatment, respectively (P <0.05). Body protein of worker bees in studied treatments had significant differences (P <0.05), so that the widest and narrowest percent body protein were observed in a diet containing 30% protein and SM and sucrose treatment, respectively. The Hypopharyngeal gland surface in the colonies fed with different diets was significantly different (P<0.05) and the widest and narrowest of its surface were observed in the diet containing 30% protein and SM and sucrose treatment, respectively. According to the current results, to maximize the reproduction of bees, a diet containing 30% crude protein is proposed.

scholarly journals Growth, Herbage Yield and Chemical Composition of Talinum Paniculatum (Jacq.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Dwi Purbajanti ◽  
Susi Setyawati ◽  
Budi Adi Kristanto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Different Levels

Java Ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) is a succulent plant from the family Portulacaceae which can be consumed as vegetable. There were three main objectives for the research. Firstly, to evaluate the growth of plants Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) with the different levels of nitrogen and harvesting times. Secondly, to understand the level of nitrogen fertilizer on the largest biomass production. Thirdly, to know the harvesting weeks for the largest biomass production with the best quality. The combination treatment between the harvesting times of 8 wk and the manure 150 kg N ha-1 has effects on the plant height, the numbers of branches and leaves. The highest protein content was reached at 4 wks harvesting age with fertilization of 150 kg N ha-1 with significant difference in all treatments.

scholarly journals Impact of increasing levels of spineless-cactus meal on the ingestive behaviour of grazing steers

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4457
Author(s):  
George Abreu Filho ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Magna Silva Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Fibre Degradation ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Average Body

<p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of spineless-cactus meal substituting for maize in diets for supplemented steers grazing on <em>Urochoa brizantha </em>during the postweaning phase. The experiment was conducted on Princesa do Mateiro farm, located in Ribeirão do Largo-BA, Brazil. Forty crossbred steers with an average body weight of 261 ± 7.46 kg were distributed into four groups for evaluation of the following four levels of substitution of ground maize for spinelesscactus meal: 0.00, 30.00, 60.00, and 90.00%. The results were analysed statistically by variance and regression analyses at a 5% error probability. Increasing the amount of spineless-cactus meal in the diet had a quadratic effect on the grazing time and on the time spent on other activities. The diet had a quadratic effect on the number of grazing periods, the number of periods at the trough, and the total feeding and chewing times. In contrast, the number of periods spent on other activities and on rumination was not influenced by the level of spineless-cactus meal. The bite rate, number of bites per swallow, and number of bites per day increased linearly, whereas the swallowing time and number of cuds ruminated per day decreased as the level of spineless-cactus meal added to the diet wasincreased. The feed and rumination efficiencies of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, crude protein, and non-fibre carbohydrates were not influenced by the level of substitution of spineless-cactus meal for ground maize. Spinelesscactus meal levels close to 60% probably provided greater fibre degradation, leading the animals to spend more time on social interactions with the group, use the feed better, and possibly have a better feed conversion.</p>.

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