scholarly journals A capacidade infectocontagiosa dos transportes coletivos

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e899119732
Author(s):  
Héricles Ferreirra Gomes Ribeiro ◽  
Lucas Salomão Barros Seabra ◽  
Francisco Adalberto do Nascimento Paz

Existe uma grande quantidade de pessoas que passam cotidianamente pelo transporte público urbano, transformando essa classe veicular em uma favorável condutor para disseminação de bactérias, vírus, parasitas e fungos para seus utilizadores. Dante do exposto, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é avaliar a capacidade infectocontagiosa dos transportes coletivos. Esta pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de caráter exploratório descritivo; e para a análise inicial dos resultados obtidos todas as publicações foram submetidas a uma leitura geral e organizada de acordo com ano e natureza da publicação. Após a realização de uma apurada revisão bibliográfica abordando a temática central e os critérios de inclusão/exclusão desta pesquisa, constatou-se que os transportes públicos são um meio de disseminação de variados microrganismos incluindo fungos e bactérias, entre elas temos Staphylococcus epidermidi; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus coagulase negativa; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella spp e Enterobacter cloacae.

Author(s):  
MAJOLAGBE O. N. ◽  
AINA D. A. ◽  
OMOMOWO I. O. ◽  
THOMAS A.

Objective: To determine the antimicrobial potentials of secondary metabolite of soil fungi and predict their 3D structure and molecular identity. Methods: Pure soil fungi were isolated from soil samples and cultured under submerged fermentation (Smf) for their metabolites using Potato Dextrose Agar and Broth. The secondary metabolites of the isolated fungi were obtained intracellularly after 21 d of incubation in a rotary shaker incubator. The antimicrobial potentials of the metabolites were investigated against four (4) clinical isolates, namely: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. These soil fungi were further characterized to the molecular level and their evolutionary relationships established using bioinformatics tools. Protein structure of each of the fungi isolates was predicted using PHYRE-2. Results: Out of all the soil fungi isolated, the metabolite of Aspergillus aculeatus showed the highest antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (23.00±2.34 mm), Escherichia coli (9.00±1.44 mm) and Klebsiella spp (24.00±3.45 mm). The 3D protein structure predicted showed that each of the organisms consists of different amino-acid compositions such as: serine, tyrosine, proline, arginine, glycine, phenylalanine leucine with other notable biological properties. Conclusion: The work revealed that secondary metabolites of the isolated fungi carry an important role in combating infectious agents thereby, providing roadmaps for the biosynthesis of many synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs and bio-products which are environmentally friendly.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghong Zhang ◽  
Qiong Lu ◽  
Tang Liu ◽  
Zhihong Li ◽  
Weiliang Cai

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to gather temporal trends on bacteria epidemiology and resistance of intraoperative bone culture from chronic ostemyelitis at an affiliated hospital in South China. Method Records of patients with chronic osteomyelitis from 2003 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The medical data were extracted using a unified protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by means of a unified protocol using the Kirby-Bauer method, results were analyzed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute definitions. Result Four hundred eighteen cases met our inclusion criteria. For pathogen distribution, the top five strains were Staphylococcus aureus (27.9%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.1%); Enterobacter cloacae (9.5%); Acinetobacter baumanii (9.0%) and Escherichia coli (7.8%). Bacterial culture positive rate was decreased significantly among different year-groups. Mutiple bacterial infection rate was 28.1%. One strain of Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to linezolid and vancomycin. Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa stains to Cefazolin, Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime, and Cefoxitin were 100% nearly. Resistance of Acinetobacter baumanii stains against Cefazolin, Cefuroxime were 100%. Ciprofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli isolates increased from 25 to 44.4%. On the contrary, resistance of Enterobacter cloacae stains to Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime were decreased from 83.3 to 36.4%. Conclusions From 2003 to 2014, positive rate of intraoperative bone culture of chronic osteomyelitis was decreased; the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus was decreased gradually, and our results indicate the importance of bacterial surveilance studies about chronic osteomyelitis.


1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Viljanen ◽  
Helena Käyhty ◽  
Martti Vaara ◽  
Timo Vaara

Polymyxin B nonapeptide was able to sensitize Escherichia coli strains and strains of Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae to the bactericidal action of fresh normal human serum. The degree of sensitization varied significantly within the strains. Strains of Proteus mirabilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and N. meningitidis remained resistant.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e43910313516
Author(s):  
Lucas Harassim ◽  
Olibio Lopes Fiebig da Silva ◽  
Luiz Felipe Soares Pinheiro ◽  
Elber José Assaiante dos Santos ◽  
Cláudio Daniel Cerdeira ◽  
...  

A Infecção no Trato Urinário (ITU) acometendo pacientes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) é uma realidade preocupante, agravada pelo uso irracional de antimicrobianos e a alarmante multirresistência em microrganismos. Nós avaliamos o nível de assertividade quanto ao uso de antimicrobianos durante à antibioticoterapia empírica (ATE), em pacientes diagnosticados com ITU, comparando tal tratamento farmacológico empírico e o realizado após o antibiograma (antibioticoterapia direcionada), além disto, estimamos a prevalência dos agentes etiológicos e analisamos os fatores de risco associados. Este é um estudo observacional e transversal, realizado em 2015, no qual foram avaliados pacientes de ambos os sexos e todas as idades apresentando ITU e submetidos à antibioticoterapia, internados em uma UTI de um hospital no sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Dos 49 pacientes avaliados (28 mulheres [M] e 21 homens [H]), a média de idade foi 55±19 anos (IC(95) 49-61) e a faixa etária ≥70 anos foi a predominante. Quatorze diferentes microrganismos foram causadores de ITUs, sendo que 28,3% (IC(95%) 16,2-40,4) dos isolados clínicos tiveram Escherichia coli como o agente etiológico (33,3% H e 28,6% M); 18,9% (IC(95%) 8,3-29,4) Acinetobacter baumannii (33,3% H e 10,7% M); 15,1% (IC(95%) 5,5-24,7) Klebsiella pneumoniae (19% H e 14,3% M); 11,3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9,5% H e 14,3% M); 5,7% Enterobacter aerogenes (14,3% H); 3,8% Klebsiella oxytoca; 3,8% Staphylococcus aureus (7,1% M); e 1,9% para cada um dos seguintes microrganismos: Enterococcus faecalis (4,8% H); Proteus mirabilis (3,6% M); Enterobacter cloacae (3,6% M); Providencia rettgeri (4,8% H); Citrobacter koseri (3,6% M); Citrobacter freundii (3,6% M); e Fungos leveduriformes (4,8% H). As prevalências de ITUs causadas por A. baumannii e P. aeruginosa foram influenciadas pelo sexo (χ² com p<0,001). No sexo masculino, houve correlações positivas “substanciais” entre o aumento da idade (em anos) e a prevalência de ITU causada por E. coli (r = 0,69) ou entre idades menos avançadas e a prevalência de ITU causada por A. baumannii (r = -0,7). No sexo feminino, houve uma correlação positiva “extremamente forte” entre o aumento da idade e a prevalência de ITU causada por E. coli (r = 0,94; IC(95) 0,66-0,99; p<0,0014). Os antibióticos mais utilizados de forma empírica (ATE) foram: Ciprofloxacina (14,3% IC(95%) 4,7-24,1), Cefepima (14,3%) e Vancomicina (10%), e após o antibiograma (antibioticoterapia direcionada): Ceftazidima (16,3% IC(95%) 6-26,7), Ciprofloxacina (14,3% IC(95%) 4,5-24,1), Polimixina B (10,2%), Imipenem (10,2%) e Ampicilina + Sulbac. (8,2%). Em 20% dos casos, as terapias empíricas (ATE) foram consideradas “inapropriadas/não acertadas”. Contudo, também devemos ter ciência da necessidade clínica e quanto ao imediatismo para o tratamento de uma ITU em UTI, uma vez que a doença pode ser fatal se uma terapia não for instituída, portanto, nós aconselhamos avaliações mais minuciosas, tanto da racionalidade do uso de antibióticos, quanto dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de ITUs em UTIs.


2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Partha Paul ◽  
Md. Zahid Al Hasan ◽  
Arup Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Jayed Chowdhury ◽  
...  

The study was done to isolate Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas spp. from raw milk, processed milk (powdered milk & ultra-high-temperature milk) and dairy products (mango milk, and ice cream). During 3 months’ time span of study, a total of ten samples were gathered where eight of the samples powdered milk (2), ultra-high-temperature milk (2), ice cream (2) & mango milk (2) were gathered from different places of Bangladesh & other 2 samples (raw milk) were collected from a cattle farm & individual households in & around Noakhali city. The samples were gathered under aseptic safety measures and were followed by plating on non-selective media (Nutrient broth) & selective media (Mannitol Salt Agar & Macconkey agar). The presumptive Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas spp. isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Analysis of the result discovered that out of a total of 10 samples; raw milk (2), processed milk i.e. powdered milk (2), ultra-high-temperature milk (2) and dairy products i.e. mango milk (2) and ice cream (2) resulted in the isolation of 8 isolates (2.5%) of S. aureus, (12.5%) of Klebsiella spp., (2.5%) of Pseudomonas spp. & (2.5%) of Escherichia coli. Results recommended a probability of potential public health threat of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas spp. resulting from contamination of milk and dairy products with pathogenic microorganisms is mainly due to unhygienic practices and conditions in the handling, production, and processing.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Isna Romadhona ◽  
Fauna Herawati ◽  
Rika Yulia

Antibiotik merupakan obat yang digunakan untuk mengatasi dan mencegah infeksi bakteri. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan berbagai masalah, diantaranya pengobatan akan lebih mahal dan juga risiko terjadinya resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penggunaan antibiotik dan profil peta kuman pada pasien gangren diabetes melitus di sebuah RSUD di Kabupaten Gresik serta untuk mengetahui kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik dengan mengacu pada Permenkes Republik Indonesia No. 2406/Menkes/PER/XII/2011. Data penggunaan antibiotik diperoleh dari catatan Rekam Medis pada periode Januari – November 2017. Data penggunaan antibiotik dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus DDD/100 pasien-hari rawat. Hasil perhitungan DDD/100 pasien-hari rawat menunjukkan hasil sebesar 470,11 DDD/100 pasien-hari rawat. Peta kuman pada pasien gangren, melaporkan adanya bakteri Enterobacter cloacae 24%, Escherichia coli 18%, Staphylococcus aureus 15%, Acinetobacter baumannii 9%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6%, Citrobacter youngae 6%, Enterobacter aerogenes 6%, Proteus vulgaris 6%, Staphylococcus schleiferi 6%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 3%, dan Proteus mirabilis 3% . Penggunaan antibiotik seftriakson dan metronidazol pada pasien gangren diabetes melitus di sebuah RSUD di Kabupaten Gresik pada periode Januari – November 2017 telah sesuai dengan pedoman penggunaan antibiotik berdasarkan Permenkes Republik Indonesia No. 2406/Menkes/PER/ XII/2011, yaitu antibiotik golongan sefalosporin generasi III yang lebih aktif terhadap Enterobacteriaceae dan antibiotik golongan nitroimidazol yang dapat mengobati infeksi bakteri basil anerob Gram-Negatif.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (43) ◽  
pp. 256-270
Author(s):  
Tharinne Oliveira Silva Cavalheiro ◽  
Dora Inés Kozusny-Andreani

Bioaerossóis são partículas transportadas pelo ar que se originam de micro-organismos vivos, como bactérias, fungos e vírus e, podem permanecer suspensos e viáveis ​​na corrente de ar por longos períodos de tempo. Seus componentes têm efeitos negativos, especialmente na saúde de pessoas imunocomprometidas. Objetivou-se avaliar a presença de microrganismos viáveis potencialmente patogênicos em bioaerossóis de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital do noroeste paulista.. Para a pesquisa foram colhidas amostras do ar de locais definidos. Todas as amostras foram cultivadas em Placas de Petri contendo meios seletivos e não seletivos para bactérias e fungos, incubadas à temperatura de 37 ºC por 24-48h para cultivos bacterianos e de 4 a 15 dias para cultivos fúngicos. Posteriormente, foi realizada a avaliação das características das colônias bem como a identificação por métodos bioquímicos convencionas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram a presença de leveduras das espécies Candida albicans e Candida spp e bactérias gram-positivas Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis e Micrococcus spp, gram-negativas Escherichia coli e Klebsiella spp.   Verificou-se pradrão de resistência a antibióticos em E. coli e Micrococcus spp, S. aureus foi sensível a maioria dos antibióticos, enquanto foi possível observar 100% de sensibilidades para S. epidermidis e Klebsiella spp.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman El-Saed ◽  
Hanan Balkhy ◽  
Majid M. Alshamrani ◽  
Sameera Aljohani ◽  
Asim Alsaedi ◽  
...  

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite being largely preventable, surgical site infections (SSIs) are still one of the most frequent healthcare-associated infections. The presence of resistant pathogens can further augment their clinical and economic impacts. The objective was to estimate the distribution and resistance in SSI pathogens in Saudi Arabia and to compare them to the US National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) hospitals. METHODS Targeted SSI surveillance was prospectively conducted on several surgical procedures done between 2007 and 2016 in four hospitals of Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Definitions and methodology of SSI and bacterial resistance were based on NHSN. RESULTS A total 492 pathogens causing 403 SSI events were included. The most frequent pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (22.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.1%), Klebsiella spp. (12.2%), and Escherichia coli (12.2%), with marked variability between surgeries. Approximately 30.3% of Staphylococcus aureus was methicillin-resistant (MRSA), 13.0% of Enterococcus spp. was vancomycin-resistant (VRE), and 5.5% of Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem resistant (CRE). The highest multidrug-resistant (MDR) GNPs were Acinetobacter spp. (58.3%), Klebsiella spp. (20.4%) and Escherichia coli (16.3%). MRSA was significantly less frequent while cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella spp., MDR Klebsiella spp., and MDR Escherichia coli were significantly more frequent in our hospitals compared with NHSN hospitals. CONCLUSION GNPs in a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia are responsible for more than 60% of SSI with more resistant patterns than Western countries. This information may be critical to secure resources and ensure support for caregivers and healthcare leaders in implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and evidence-based SSI preventive practices.


2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
MING-HUANG CHANG ◽  
GUAN-JUN CHEN ◽  
DAN-YUAN LO

In November 2015, the emergence of a novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism was described. So far, there are only two relevant published reports focused solely on Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Taiwan. This paper describes the emergence of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates harboring mcr-1 on chromosomes in Taiwan. All four mcr-1-positive isolates were from 63 Klebsiella spp., and the isolated Enterobacter spp. were from diseased dogs and cats at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, National Chiayi University. These four isolates were resistant to colistin, amoxicillin, doxycycline and oxytetracycline, and all mcr-1 genes were located on the chromosome, without any flanking ISApl1 or other insertion sequences. The findings suggest that, in addition to food animals and humans, companion animals can serve as reservoirs of mcr-1, adding another layer of complexity to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in the community. Hence we consider it essential to continue to survey resistance to colistin in these bacteria. Continuous microbiological and molecular surveillance is necessary to assist in early detection and minimize the dissemination of mcr-1.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Seema Pant

Two series of new 8-substituted-4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine-2-carboxylic acids and 8-substituted-4-(4-acetamidophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine-2-carboxylic acids have been synthesized by Michael condensation of 5-substituted-2-aminobenzenethiols with β-(4- tert-butylbenzoyl) acrylic acid or β-(4-acetamidobenzoyl) acrylic acid, in ethanol in acidic medium in a single step, in 58-64 % yield. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral analyses and micro analytical data. They were screened for antimicrobial activity, against the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli, with respective reference compounds, vancomycin, polymyxin B, colistin-polymyxin B and against the fungus, Candida albicans with reference drug fluconazole. Most of the compounds showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae and fungus Candida albicans, while none of the compounds showed activity against Escherichia coli.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document