FOLIAR BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING GALL FORMATION IN MITRAGYNA PARVIFOLIA

Mitragyna parvifolia is a medicinally important plant which is native to India and Shrilanka. This plant is widely used by tribal people of Rajasthan and other Ayurvedic practitioners. Normal leaf and leaf gall of Mitragyna parvifolia were collected and categorized in normal (healthy leaf) and galled leaf. In the present investigation an attempt was made to study the changes of some metabolites during the gall formation on leaf of Mitragyna parvifolia attacked by gall insect. Total soluble sugar, total phenol and peroxidase activities were found high in gall leaves as compared to healthy leaves but chlorophyll contents and polyphenol oxidase activities were recorded high in normal leave and protein contents were slightly high in normal leaves as compared to infected or gall leaves.

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Biochemical Stress Markers, Antioxidants, and Infectious Wound-Healing Potential of UV Irradiation and Salt Stress Effects on the Pre-Treated Seed of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.)

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/15593258211044062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 155932582110440

Author(s):

Mazhar Abbas ◽

Sumaira Sharif ◽

Ibrahim Salam Baig ◽

Rimsha Anjum ◽

Muhammad Riaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Bitter Melon ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Enzymes Activities

Purpose The secondary metabolites in plants are the basis of defense and stress balance, which is an important aspect in plant growth. The UV-B treatment (a biotic stress) and salt stress on bitter melon ( Momordica charantia L.) were studied, and the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment was evaluated on the basis of biochemical and enzymatic biomarkers, antioxidants, and wound-healing potential during early growth stages. Methods The UV-B treatment for 5 and 10 min and salt stress 250 mM and 500 mM treatments were applied, and 21-day seedling tissue were collected for total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant, chlorophyll contents, hydrogen peroxide, total soluble sugar, enzymes activities, and wound-healing potential studies. Results The TPC, TFC, diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), chlorophyll contents, and total soluble sugar were recorded higher at 5 min treatment with UV-B and salt stress at 250 mM concentration. Antioxidant enzymes activities were recorded higher for 10 min UV-B treatment and 500 mM salt treatment. Wound-healing potential was found significant at 5 min treatment with UV-B radiation, which was studied in vivo in rabbits. The LC-MS analysis revealed a variety of phenolic compounds in the seedlings. Conclusion The study concluded that treatments significantly affect the biological activities of bitter melon seeds at the seedling stage, and the seeds contain important phenolic compounds responsible for its antioxidant potential and enzymatic activities. Future studies could be focused on the later stages of growth, development, and yield characteristics subjected to salt stress along with UV-B radiation treatment.

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Morphophysiological characterization of leaves and inflorescences of commercial mini chrysanthemum varieties

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.1590/2447-536x.v26i2.2054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 277-282

Author(s):

Carolina Rodrigues Victor de Carvalho ◽

Mirelle Nayana de Sousa Santos ◽

Ana Maria Mapeli

Keyword(s):

Soluble Sugar ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Local Market ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Chlorophyll Contents

Abstract Chrysanthemum is among the oldest plants cultivated by man, being widely cultivated in Brazil. In view of its economic importance and use in breeding, the present study aims to characterize mini chrysanthemum varieties, focusing on morphological and physiological parameters. Therefore, four varieties of mini chrysanthemums, in pots, were acquired in the local market: V1 - ‘Swifty Light Pink’ (purple), V2 - ‘Diablo Time’ (red), V3 - ‘White Cherie’ (white); V4 - ‘Giovanni’ (yellow), from which they were taken leaves and inflorescences samples for measurement of height, diameter and fresh mass, as well as to quantify the total soluble sugar (TSS, %), reducing sugar (RS, %), non-reducing sugar (NRS, %), anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents. Regarding the characterization of inflorescences, it was found that ‘Diablo Time’ had the largest diameter, height and fresh weight, in these last two cases not differing from ‘Giovanni’, which had lower anthocyanin content; while the highest values of carbohydrate content were found in ‘White Cherie’. In relation to the characterization of the leaves, ‘Giovanni’ had the largest dimensions, fresh mass and chlorophyll content. Already ‘Swifty Light Pink’ stood as to the sugar contents. Thus, it is clear that there are morphophysiological differences between the chrysanthemum mini varieties, which can contribute to breeding programs.

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Biochemical changes in cotton plants due to infestation by cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i1.1200 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 382-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. S. Nagrare ◽

J. Annie Sheeba ◽

Paresh Bhoyar ◽

Bhausaheb Naikwadi

Keyword(s):

Soluble Sugar ◽

Biochemical Changes ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Cotton Plants ◽

Cotton Mealybug ◽

Insignificant Difference

The study on biochemical changes in cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) due to infestation by cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was conducted at CICR Nagpur during 2014-15. Total protein contents estimated from the shoots of the healthy plants (4.29 mg/g) indicated 50.5% increase over the healthy plants (2.85 mg/g). Total phenol content increased by 185.7% in the mealybug infested plants (0.20μg/g) over the healthy plants (0.07μg/g). Insignificant difference in the level of total soluble sugar was observed in mealybug infested plants (1.00μg/g) as compared to healthy plants (0.90μg/g). Total reducing sugar was found to be unaffected with the mealybug infestation. Although there was depletion in all the photosynthetic pigments viz., chlorophyll a (19.1%), chlorophyll b (23.7%), total chlorophyll (21.2%) and carotenoids (20.8%) due to the mealybug infestation, these values were not statistically different in the healthy plants. This is the first report on biochemical changes in cotton plant due to infestation of P. solenopsis.

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Effects of Leachate Fertigation and the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Dracaena deremensis Potted Plants

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Pedro García-Caparrós ◽

Cristina Velasquez Espino ◽

María Teresa Lao

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sugar Concentration ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Total Soluble Sugar

The reuse of drainages for cultivating more salt tolerant crops can be a useful tool especially in arid regions, where there are severe problems for crops water management. Dracaena deremensis L. plants were cultured in pots with sphagnum peat-moss and were subjected to three fertigation treatments for 8 weeks: control treatment or standard nutrient solution (D0), raw leachates from Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl plants (DL) and the same leachate blending with H2O2 (1.2 M) at 1% (v/v) (DL + H2O2). After harvesting, ornamental and biomass parameters, leaf and root proline and total soluble sugar concentration and nutrient balance were assessed in each fertigation treatment. Plant height, leaf and total dry weight had the highest values in plants fertigated with leachates with H2O2, whereas root length, leaf number, RGB values and pigment concentration declined significantly in plants fertigated with leachates from C. lutescens with or without H2O2. The fertigation with leachates, regardless of the presence or absence of H2O2 increased root and leaf proline concentration. Nevertheless, root and leaf total soluble sugar concentration did not show a clear trend under the treatments assessed. Regarding nutrient balance, the addition of H2O2 in the leachate resulted in an increase in plant nutrient uptake and efficiency compared to the control treatment. The fertigation with leachates with or without H2O2 increased nitrogen and potassium leached per plant compared to plants fertigated with the standard nutrient solution. The reuse of drainages is a viable option to produce ornamental plants reducing the problematic associated with the water consumption and the release of nutrients into the environment.

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Efficacy of KNO3, SiO2 and SA priming for improving emergence, seedling growth and antioxidant enzymes of rice (Oryza sativa), under drought

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83434-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lawan Gana Ali ◽

Rosimah Nulit ◽

Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽

Christina Yong Seok Yien

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Total Soluble Protein ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Randomized Design

AbstractRice is an important staple crop produced and consumed worldwide. However, poor seed emergence is one of the main impediments to obtaining higher yield of rice especially in hot and dry ecosystems of the world that are ravaged by drought. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of potassium nitrate (KNO3), salicylic acid (SA) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) priming in improving emergence, seedling growth, biochemical attributes and antioxidant activities of FARO44 rice under drought conditions. Rice seedlings primed with 2.5% and 5% KNO3, 3% and 3.5% SiO2, and 1 mM and 2.5 mM SA were subjected to three drought levels of low, moderate and severe under the greenhouse. Seed emergence, seedling growth, biochemical attributes and antioxidant activities were thereafter evaluated. Seed priming experiments were laid in a completely randomized design with five replicates per treatment. The results found that rice seedlings responded differently to different priming treatments. However, all primed rice seedlings had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved emergence percentage (72–92%), seedling growth, seedling vigor, seedling fresh and dry biomass and shorter emergence time compared with controls. Likewise, total soluble protein content, activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, carbohydrate, soluble sugar and total chlorophyll contents of rice seedlings were increased by more than two-folds by seed priming compared with control. Salicylic acid showed less effect in increasing emergence, seedling growth, antioxidant activities and biochemical attributes of rice. Thus, this study established that seed priming with KNO3 (2.5% and 5%) and SiO2 (3% and 3.5%) were more effective in improving emergence, seedling growth, biochemical attributes and antioxidant activities of FARO44. Thus, priming of FARO44 rice with this chemical is recommended for fast emergence, seedling growth and drought resistance in dry ecosystems.

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Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1313

Author(s):

Md. Jahirul Islam ◽

Byeong Ryeol Ryu ◽

Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽

Md. Hafizur Rahman ◽

Md. Soyel Rana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Panax Ginseng ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Principal Component ◽

Total Soluble Protein ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Salinity Treatment ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Biochemical Processes

The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.

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Effects of Shading on Carbohydrates of Syzygium samarangense

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47411637 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 1252-1257

Author(s):

Ying JIAN ◽

Guolin WU ◽

Donghui ZHOU ◽

Zhiqun HU ◽

Zhenxuan QUAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Digital Object Identifier ◽

Digital Object ◽

Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Carbohydrate Levels

Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) is an important tropical fruit tree cultivated in Southeast Asian. It produces red pear-like shape fruits. The fruit flesh is considered high in antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids that have a potential to contribute to the human healthy diet, and was proved to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial characteristics. To allow year-round marketing of high quality wax apple fruit, growers always perform shading to inhibit new flushes so as to repress vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth. To investigate the effect of shading on carbohydrates, wax apple trees were shaded with sun shade nets under field conditions. The effects of shading on shoot growth were studied and leaf carbohydrate levels of the trees were determined. The results showed that shading inhibit the the growth of the terminal shoots and promoted bud dormancy. Shading also reduced total soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch levels of leaves. The results suggested that shading reduced carbohydrate accumulation and repressed vegetative growth. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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Total Soluble Sugar Quantification from Ethanolic Plant Extracts v1

10.17504/protocols.io.b2nsqdee ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lynn Doran ◽

Amanda P. De Souza

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Total Soluble Sugars ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Tissue Extracts

Quantification of total soluble sugars (as glucose) in plant tissue extracts via the sulfuric phenol method adapted for 96 well plates.

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Invertase and sucrose synthase activities in coffee plants sprayed with sucrose solution

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000200006 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José Carlos da Silva ◽

José Donizeti Alves ◽

Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽

Marcelo Murad Magalhães ◽

Dárlan Einstein do Livramento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sucrose Synthase ◽

Sucrose Solution ◽

Management Practice ◽

Physiological State ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Coffee Plants ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

High Level

One management practice of which the efficiency has not yet been scientifically tested is spraying coffee plants with diluted sucrose solutions as a source of carbon for the plant. This paper evaluates the effect of foliar spraying with sugar on the endogenous level of carbohydrates and on the activities of invertase and sucrose synthase in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings with reduced (low) and high (normal) levels of carbon reserve. The concentrations used were 0.5 and 1.0% sucrose, and water as a control. The use of sucrose at 1.0% caused an increase in the concentration of total soluble sugars in depauperate plants, as well as increased the activity of the following enzymes: cell wall and vacuole acid invertase, neutral cytosol invertase and sucrose synthase. In plants with high level of carbon reserve, no increments in total soluble sugar levels or in enzymatic activity were observed. Regardless of treatments or plants physiological state, no differences in transpiration or stomatal conductance were observed, demonstrating the stomatal control of transpiration. Photosynthesis was stimulated with the use of 0.5 and 1.0 % sucrose only in depauperate plants. Coffee seedling spraying with sucrose is only efficient for depauperate plants, at the concentration of 1.0%.

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