scholarly journals Anti-Allergy Potential of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. Fruit Water Extract Shown by Its Suppressive Effect on the Degranulation of RBL-2H3 Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
William Halim Santoso ◽  
Momoko Ishida ◽  
Kosuke Nishi ◽  
Takuya Sugahara ◽  
Agus Budiawan Naro Putra
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Active Substances

Allergy rhinitis (AR), as reported by the World Allergy Organization (WAO), is one of the highest prevalence allergies affecting 10-30% of all adults and up to 40% of children. In Indonesia, current evidence showed that the prevalence of AR is increasing. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. fruit (AF), or locally known as belimbing wuluh, has been scientifically proven to treat many diseases due to the abundant of polyphenol content which was shown to have the potential to treat allergies. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the anti-allergy potential of AF in vitro. The anti-allergy effect of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. fruit water extract (AFWE) was examined using RBL-2H3 cells. At first, the cytotoxicity effect of AFWE was determined by WST-8 assay. The release of β-hexosaminidase by RBL-2H3 cells was also measured to evaluate degranulation suppression activity of AFWE. Lastly, calcium assay was employed to investigate the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca­2+]i). Results demonstrated that AFWE does not show any cytotoxicity at any given concentration. In addition, AFWE at 1.25 mg/mL showed sufficient inhibitory effect towards degranulation by RBL-2H3 cells. Moreover, the degranulation-suppressing activity of AFWE was resulted from the inhibition of calcium-dependent signaling pathways. Unfortunately, the properties of active substances from AFWE have not been investigated. To conclude, this study indicated that AFWE has potential as an alternative treatment for allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Potential Effect of Pomegranate Peels Extract (Punica Granatum.) against Covid-19 Virus .

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf fawzy mosa ◽  
Mostafa abo Elhoda Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
The World

Abstract Background: Covid-19 Virus infection poses significant global health challenges and considered a global epidemic sweeping all countries of the world Which prompted scientists around the world to search for a quick or safe treatment to preserve people's lives .So far, options for controlling and treating the disease have not been revealed. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of pomegranate peels extract against the Covid-19 virus in the laboratory. Methods: In this research, tow methods of extraction are carried out ethyl alcohol and distal water extract of pomegranate peels . activity of the extract assessed using 50% Tissue Culture Infectious Doses (TCID50) method in Vero E6 cells. Results: Pomegranate peels extract had the highest inhibitory effect against Covid -19 virus with IC50 value of 0.125, 0.0625 and 0.031256 μl in Vero E6 cells. Conclusion: Based on our results, the aqueous extract of pomegranate peels can inhibit Covid-19 virus replication in vitro.

Suppressive effects of composts against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on tomato

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Oka ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Cattle Manure Compost

AbstractSuppressive effects of two composts, from cattle manure and grape marc, on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica were tested in pot and in vitro experiments. No root galls were found on tomato roots grown in soils containing 10 or 25% (v/v) cattle manure compost, and very few on those grown in 50% grape marc compost. Significant reductions in galling index were also found on tomato plants grown in soils containing lower concentrations of this compost. Chemical analysis of the composts and leachates from the soils showed that the cattle manure compost had higher electrical conductivity (EC) and higher concentrations of nitrogen, especially N–NH4, than the grape marc compost. Water extract of the cattle manure compost showed high nematicidal activity to the nematode juveniles and less activity toward the eggs in vitro. Water extract of the grape marc compost showed weaker nematicidal activity to the juveniles and eggs. Washing composted soils with excess water before nematode inoculation and tomato planting led to better plant growth, but the nematode-suppressive effect was decreased. These results suggest that high nitrogen concentrations, especially N–NH4, and high EC values contribute to the nematode suppressiveness of the composts.

LEUKOCYTE MOTILITY: II. EFFECT OF ABSENCE OF GLUCOSE IN MEDIUM; EFFECT OF PRESENCE OF DEOXYGLUCOSE, DINITROPHENOL, PUROMYCIN, ACTINOMYCIN D, AND TRYPSIN ON THE RESPONSE TO CHEMOTACTIC SUBSTANCE; EFFECT OF SEGREGATION OF CELLS FROM CHEMOTACTIC SUBSTANCE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
In Vitro Motility ◽  
Directed Motility ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Chemotactic Effect

The random and directed motility of human leukocytes was studied in vitro. Motility was found not to be dependent upon glucose in the medium. 2-Deoxyglucose was found to inhibit all motility completely. Dinitrophenol had a minor suppressive effect on both random and directed motility. Puromycin at 10−3 M and actinomycin D at 10 μg/ml had a disproportionately great inhibitory effect on directed motility, when compared with minor inhibitory effects on random motility. Actinomycin D at 20 μg/ml and trypsin at 0.1 mg/ml were found to inhibit both types of motility almost completely. Segregation of starch from the field of leukocyte motility was found to abolish its chemotactic effect. Restoration of some chemotactic influence was seen if both starch and leukocytes were present in the segregated area.

scholarly journals A novel mechanism for the melatonin inhibition of testosterone secretion by rat Leydig cells: reduction of GnRH-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Valenti ◽  
S Thellung ◽  
T Florio ◽  
M Giusti ◽  
G Schettini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Gi Protein ◽  
Hydroxy Progesterone ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Cells Cultured

The site of inhibition, by melatonin, of GnRH-dependent testosterone secretion was investigated in adult rat Leydig cells cultured in vitro. The various effects downstream of the binding of GnRH to its own receptor were isolated and mimicked by specific drugs. Testosterone secretion was then evaluated after 3 h stimulation with GnRH, thapsigargin (1 microM), phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (100 nM), arachidonic acid (20 microM), and ionomycin (1 microM) in the presence or absence of melatonin (215 nM). The effect of melatonin on the GnRH-induced changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was also studied, using Fura-2 as fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator. Melatonin attenuated the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) and inhibited the testosterone secretion induced by GnRH, but not that induced by ionomycin. Both ionomycin and thapsigargin potentiated GnRH-induced testosterone secretion; however, ionomycin, but not thapsigargin, partially prevented the inhibitory effect of melatonin on cells stimulated with GnRH. The effect of melatonin was probably dependent on the binding of melatonin to its Gi-protein-coupled receptor, as the inhibitory effect on GnRH-induced secretion was supressed in cells pretreated with pertussis toxin in a concentration of 180 ng/ml for 20 h. Assay of 17-hydroxy-progesterone showed that, irrespective of the treatment, cells cultured with melatonin secreted greater amounts than controls. We conclude that melatonin reduces GnRH-induced testosterone secretion by 1) decreasing [Ca(2+)](i), through impairment of the GnRH-dependent release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and 2) blocking 17-20 desmolase enzymatic activity, an effect that occurs irrespective of changes in [Ca(2+)](i).

scholarly journals Microbial Origin of Aquaponic Water Suppressiveness against Pythium aphanidermatum Lettuce Root Rot Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
Gilles Stouvenakers ◽  
Sébastien Massart ◽  
Pierre Depireux ◽  
M. Haïssam Jijakli
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Mobile Form ◽  
Root Microbiota

Aquaponic systems are an integrated way to produce fish and plants together with mutual benefits. Fish provide nutrients to plants on the one side, and plant nutrients uptake allow water reuse for fish on the other side. In this kind of system, the use of phytosanitary treatments to control plant pathogens is sensitive because of the risk of toxicity for fish present in the same water loop, especially coupled aquaponics. Among plant pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum is a most problematic microorganism due to the Oomycete’s capacity to produce mobile form of dispersion (zoospores) in the recirculated water. Therefore, this study aimed at elucidating the potential antagonistic capacity of aquaponic water against P. aphanidermatum diseases. It was shown that aquaponic water presented an inhibitory effect on P. aphanidermatum mycelial growth in in vitro conditions. The same result was observed when lettuce plants growing in aquaponic water were inoculated by the same plant pathogen. Aquaponic lettuce was then compared to lettuce grown in hydroponic water or complemented aquaponic water (aquaponic water plus mineral nutrients). The disease was suppressed in the presence of aquaponic water, contrary to lettuce grown in hydroponic water or complemented aquaponic water. Root microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA and ITS Illumina sequencing to determine the cause of this aquaponic suppressive action. It was determined that the diversity and the composition of the root microbiota were significantly correlated with the suppressive effect of aquaponic water. Several taxa identified by metabarcoding were suspected to be involved in this effect. Moreover, few of these microorganisms, at the genus level, are known to have an antagonistic effect against P. aphanidermatum. These innovative results indicate that aquaponic water could be an interesting and novel source of antagonistic agents adapted to control P. aphanidermatum diseases in soilless culture.

scholarly journals Korean Red Ginseng Suppresses Metastasis of Human Hepatoma SK-Hep1 Cells by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ling Ho ◽  
Kun-Cheng Li ◽  
Wei Chao ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang ◽  
Guan-Jhong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Boyden Chamber ◽  
Human Hepatoma ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Dose Dependent

Korean red ginseng and ginsenosides have been claimed to possess wide spectrum of medicinal effects, of which anticancer effect is one. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antimetastatic effect of Korean red ginseng on human hepatoma as well as possible mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of the water extract of Korean red ginseng (WKRG) on the invasion and motility of SK-Hep1 cells was evaluated by the Boyden chamber assayin vitro. Without causing cytotoxicity, WKRG exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the invasion and motility, but not adhesion, of highly metastatic SK-Hep1 cells. Zymography analyses revealed significant downregulating effects on MMP-2, MMP-9, and uPA activities in SK-Hep1 cells. Western blot analyses also showed that WKRG treatment caused dose-dependent decreases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions. Moreover, WKRG increased the levels of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and PAI-1. The present study not only demonstrated that invasion and motility of cancer cells were inhibited by WKRG, but also indicated that such effects were likely associated with the decrease in MMP-2/-9 and uPA expressions of SK-Hep1 cells.

Effects of melatonin in the mediobasal hypothalamus on the secretion of gonadotrophins in sheep: role of dopaminergic pathways

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Tortonese ◽  
G A Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Micro Implants

Abstract Previous studies have shown that treatment with microimplants of melatonin in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of sexually inactive Soay rams exposed to long days induces an increase in the secretion of FSH and reactivation of the testicular axis, as normally occurs in response to short days. The current study was conducted to investigate the possible involvement of hypothalamic dopaminergic (DA) systems in this melatonin-induced effect. At 10 weeks under long days, sexually inactive Soay rams were treated in the MBH with micro-implants containing bromocriptine (DA agonist) or sulpiride (DA antagonist), given alone or in combination with melatonin, to establish whether the DA drugs would mimic or negate the effects of melatonin. All micro-implants were inserted bilaterally and left in place for 14 weeks; the study lasted a total of 28 weeks (14 weeks implant period and 14 weeks post-implant period) while the animals remained under long days. The ability of the micro-implants to release bromocriptine and sulpiride for 14 weeks was confirmed by incubating implants in vitro and testing for the presence of the compounds in the incubate using a pituitary cell bioassay. Profiles of FSH, determined in blood samples collected three times weekly, were significantly different among treatments (time × treatment interaction, P<0·001, ANOVA). Melatonin in the MBH induced a marked increase in the concentrations of FSH during the implant period, and a decrease during the post-implant period (P<0·001). Bromocriptine given alone in the MBH induced a decrease in the concentrations of FSH which became statistically different from the control during the post-implant period (P<0·05). Treatment with sulpiride alone also resulted in a suppressive effect during the post-implant period (P<0·01). When given in combination with melatonin, bromocriptine or sulpiride significantly reduced the melatonin-induced increase in the concentrations of FSH observed during the implant period (P<0·001). The results support the view that DA pathways in the MBH play an important role in the inhibitory regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in the ram. The inhibitory effect of bromocriptine is likely to result from the direct activation of the hypothalamic DA receptors linked to GnRH neurones regulating the secretion of FSH. The apparent paradoxical inhibitory effect of sulpiride is thought to be due to enhanced gonadal steroid negative feedback resulting from blockade of the inhibitory DA pathways, as evidenced by significantly increased secretion of testosterone (P<0·05) in the animals receiving sulpiride in combination with melatonin. The observation that DA drugs modified the effects of melatonin in the MBH provides evidence that hypothalamic DA pathways may participate in the mechanism by which melatonin mediates the effects of photoperiod on reproductive function in the ram. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 543–552

scholarly journals Inhibitory Activity of Shrimp Waste Extracts on Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2452
Author(s):  
Soumia El boumlasy ◽  
Federico La Spada ◽  
Nunzio Tuccitto ◽  
Giovanni Marletta ◽  
Carlos Luz Mínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Minimal Processing ◽  
Etoac Extract

(1) Background: This study was aimed at determining the in vitro inhibitory effect of new natural substances obtained by minimal processing from shrimp wastes on fungi and oomycetes in the genera Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Penicillium, Plenodomus and Phytophthora; the effectiveness of the substance with the highest in vitro activity in preventing citrus and apple fruit rot incited by P. digitatum and P. expansum, respectively, was also evaluated. (2) Methods: The four tested substances, water-extract, EtOAc-extract, MetOH-extract and nitric-extract, were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS-TOF; in vitro preliminary tests were carried out to determine the minimal inhibitory/fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC, respectively) of the raw dry powder, EtOAc-extract, MetOH-extract and nitric-extract for each pathogen. (3) Results: in the agar-diffusion-assay, nitric-extract showed an inhibitory effect on all pathogens, at all concentrations tested (100, 75, 50 and 25%); the maximum activity was on Plenodomus tracheiphilus, C. gloeosporioides and Ph. nicotianae; the diameters of inhibition halos were directly proportional to the extract concentration; values of MIC and MFC of this extract for all pathogens ranged from 2 to 3.5%; the highest concentrations (50 to 100%) tested in vivo were effective in preventing citrus and apple fruit molds. (4) Conclusions: This study contributes to the search for natural and ecofriendly substances for the control of pre- and post-harvest plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Ribavirin shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and downregulates the activity of TMPRSS2 and the expression of ACE2 in vitro

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Altay Unal ◽  
Ceylan Verda Bitirim ◽  
Gokce Yagmur Summak ◽  
Sidar Bereketoglu ◽  
Inci Cevher Zeytin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Molecular Techniques

Ribavirin is a guanosine analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA viruses. Based on this, we aimed to show the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of this drug molecule via in vitro, in silico, and molecular techniques. Ribavirin showed antiviral activity in Vero E6 cells following SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas the drug itself did not show any toxic effect over the concentration range tested. In silico analysis suggested that ribavirin has a broad-spectrum impact on SARS-CoV-2, acting at different viral proteins. According to the detailed molecular techniques, ribavirin was shown to decrease the expression of TMPRSS2 at both mRNA and protein levels 48 h after treatment. The suppressive effect of ribavirin in ACE2 protein expression was shown to be dependent on cell types. Finally, proteolytic activity assays showed that ribavirin also showed an inhibitory effect on the TMPRSS2 enzyme. Based on these results, we hypothesized that ribavirin may inhibit the expression of TMPRSS2 by modulating the formation of inhibitory G-quadruplex structures at the TMPRSS2 promoter. As a conclusion, ribavirin is a potential antiviral drug for the treatment against SARS-CoV-2, and it interferes with the effects of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 expression.

scholarly journals LY900009 Regulates RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation and LPS-Induced Bone Resorption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Congyun Zhao ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Secretase Inhibitor ◽  
Formation Number

Abstract To investigate the suppressive function of LY900009, a potent-secretase inhibitor, on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. The cytotoxicity of LY900009 was evaluated. The suppressive effect and possible molecular mechanism of LY900009 on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The IC50 of LY900009 was 2.93 mM. LY900009 treatment at different doses (100 nM, 200 nM, and 400 nM) effectively reduced osteoclast formation (number and arear) in a dose-dependent manner. The qPCR result shows that LY900009 attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and NFATc1 protein expression. The in vivo experiments demonstrated the inhibitory effect of LY900009 on LPS-induced bone resorption. LY900009 could potently inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by down-regulating Notch/MAPK/Akt - mediated NFATc1 reduction in vitro. In accordance with the in vitro observations, we confirmed that LY900009 attenuated LPS-induced osteolysis in mice. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Notch was a potential therapeutic target which could be used for osteolytic diseases treatment.

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