scholarly journals Effect of deferred grazing during late spring and summer on pasture productivity in Waikato and Bay of Plenty hill country

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Katherine N. Tozer ◽  
Karin Müller ◽  
Tony Craven ◽  
Ian Tarbotton ◽  
Allen Coster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Pasture Productivity

Deferred grazing is a commonly used tool to manage feed surpluses. The effect of deferred grazing on pasture nutritive value and productivity was quantified in a split-paddock trial on three hill country farms in Waikato and Bay of Plenty from October 2018 until May 2020. Livestock were excluded from the deferred pasture between mid-October 2018 and March 2019. Thereafter, both treatments were rotationally grazed in common with cattle or sheep depending on the farm. Total annual dry matter production was 15% greater in the deferred than grazed treatment for the 12 months after deferring (8.9 vs 7.7 t DM/ha, P<0.05). Metabolisable energy (ME) values at the end of the deferred period were lower in the deferred than grazed treatment (P<0.01) but similar in both treatments thereafter. The content of legumes other than white clover (Trifolium repens) was higher in deferred than grazed pastures in spring 2019 on one of the farms (treatment × farm interaction P<0.05). Ground cover of perennial ryegrass was greater and the area of bare ground smaller, in the deferred than grazed treatment on three of five occasions from after the beginning of the deferred period until up to 8 months after deferring (P<0.05). There was no difference between treatments in decomposition and stabilisation of organic matter (P>0.05). The topsoil water content was higher in the deferred than grazed treatment for 12 months after deferring. In comparison to regular grazing between October and March, deferred pastures provided drought feed in autumn 2019. Pasture productivity was increased after the deferred period without negative impacts on ME.

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of hay from sorghum-sudangrass hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e95991110508
Author(s):  
Hosnerson Renan de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Mauro Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Ingrid Thalia Prado de Castro ◽  
Mário Henrique Melo e Lima ◽  
Luiza Maria Gigante Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
High Forage

The objective was to evaluate agronomically nine sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) and the nutritive value of their respective hays. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 × 9 factorial scheme, with three replications. Three cuts were made: 42 days after germination, 29 days after regrowth, and 28 days after the second regrowth. All hybrids showed a higher number of plants ha–1 (P < 0.05) in the second cut. For the green matter and dry matter production of the hays, the values ranged from 49.16 to 62.07 t ha–1 and 9.07 to 11.43 t ha–1, respectively. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dry matter, mineral matter, or ether extract. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 810, 1013016, and 1624F016 showed higher values of crude protein (CP) of 16.49, 16.17, 16.08, and 15.88%, respectively. Differences were observed (P < 0.05) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 802, 1013021, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006 presented lower levels of NDF (60.57, 60.74, 62.15, 62.37, 62.58, and 64.70%, respectively). The hybrids BRS 802, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006, stood out above the others, presenting high forage yield and adequate nutritive value (CP content >13% and NDF content <65%).

scholarly journals Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. NISSINEN ◽  
P. KALLIAINEN ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The development of the yield and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) both in the primary growth and in the regrowth were studied at MTT Plant Production Research, a unit of MTT Agrifood Research Finland, in Rovaniemi (66°35´N) in 1999–2001. The dry matter yield and leaf:stem ratio were measured from the crop samples, and the contents of crude protein and organic matter digestibility of both whole plant samples and leaf and stem fractions were analysed. In primary growth, the most rapid increase of dry matter, 220–240 kg ha-1 per day, was measured around the beginning of the heading stage. There was a very strong positive correlation between the proportion of stems and the amount of dry matter in the primary yield. The daily growth rate of the regrowth was less than half of that of the primary growth. The fastest decrease, 1 percentage unit per day, in crude protein content was measured at the pasture stage (4–5-leaf stage). During the entire sampling period, the average daily decline in crude protein content in the primary growth of timothy was 0.65 percentage units. The main cause for the rapid decline in crude protein content was the high proportion of stem matter and its low protein content. In the regrowth, during the last four weeks before the harvest, the average daily decline in crude protein content was 0.28 percentage units.The average decline in organic matter digestibility from early pasture stage to late silage stage was 0.9 percentage units per day. The most remarkable change was noticed at the growth stage of timothy when about the half of stems were heading and it was then that the digestibility decreased by more than one percentage unit per day. The rapid decline in organic matter digestibility was due to the low digestibility of stem matter. The daily change in forage digestibility in the regrowth was very small, on average 0.11%.;

scholarly journals Effect of Substitution of Urea With Different Type and Levels of Ruminant Manure on Nutritive Value of Rice Straw Silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Ali Ameen Saeed ◽  
Saja Intisar Abid
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
N Content ◽  
Aerobic Stability

This study was conducted in Nutrition Lab. to investigate the effect of the type and level of substitution of urea with ruminant manure, M (sheep, cow and buffalo) on basis of nitrogen (N) content on the nutritive value of rice straw silage (RSS). Accordingly silages were nominated as, S-RSS, C-RSS and B-RSS. Urea (U) was substituted with dried manure at 6 combinations, 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 of U:M. Silage samples were prepared by treating chopped straw with pre-treated solution contained 10% low quality debis and 2% urea. Results showed that lower (P˂0.01) DM loss (11.4%) was observed in S-RSS, and with addition of urea only (3.6%).        Samples of S-RSS and C-RSS recorded higher (P˂0.01) Fleig points (Fp) as compared with those prepared by the addition of B-RSS, 60.42, 55.58 and 49.59 respectively. Reduction (P˂0.01) in this parameter was noticed in samples prepared with a combination of 100:0. Aerobic stability (AS) was a reduced (P˂0.01) in samples prepared by addition of S-RSS by 15 and 13 hours in comparison with samples of C-RSS and B-RSS respectively. Samples prepared with combination of 100:0 were prior (P˂0.01) as compared with other samples.        Results also showed an increase (P˂0.01) in in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVOMD) in samples of S-RSS in comparison with samples prepared by addition of C-RSS and B-RSS, 49.99, 44.59 and 42.77% respectively. Samples prepared with combination of 100:0 recorded lower (P˂0.05) in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) as compared with combinations of 70:30 and 60:40 of U: M, 40.52, 45.36 and 45.94% respectively.

Pengaruh lama perendaman biji jagung pada larutan urin kelinci terhadap produktivitas fodder jagung (zea mays) dengan sistem hidroponik

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Lesmin Yigibalom ◽  
Tri Ida Wahyu Kustyorini ◽  
Aju Tjatur Nugroho Krisnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Corn Kernels

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman biji jagung pada larutan urin kelinci terhadap produktivitas fodder jagung(zea mays) dengan sistem hidroponik.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah percobaan lapang dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan.Perlakuan penelitian yaitu P0 (tanpa perendaman), P1 perendaman pada air 24 jam, perendaman pada larutan urin P2 (8 jam), P3 (16 jam), dan P4 (24 jam). Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini lama perendaman biji jagung yang berbeda dan larutan urin kelinci, variabel tersebut berkaitan dengan persentase perkecambahan, persentase kecambah normal, produksi segar, produksi bahan kering, produksi bahan organik, produksi protein kasar, produksi serat kasar. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA). Hasil menunjuk kan bahwa perlakuan perendaman biji jagung dalam larutan urin kelinci memberi pengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap Persentase kecambah normal produksi hijauan segar, produksi bahan kering, produksi bahan organik,produksi serat kasar , produksi protein kasar, sedangkan pada hasil pengamatan pada persentase kecambah memberi pengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05), persentase kecambah normal tertinggi pada perlakuan P2 (99,3%) dan P1 (98,1%), produksi segar tertinggi pada P2 (384,2 gram)  produksi bahan kering tertinggi pada P2 (113,92  gram), produksi protein kasar tertinggi pada P2  (61,2 gram)  produksi bahan organik P2 (36,0 gram) dan produksi serat kasar P2 (55,58 gram). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa perlakuan perendaman biji jagung selama 8 jam dengan larutan urin kelinci dapat membrikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap produktivitas fodder jagung dengan sistem hidroponik.   Abstract            This study aimed to determine the effect of soaking time of corn kernels on rabbit urine solution on the productivity of corn fodder (zea mays) with hydroponic systems. The research method used was a field experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Maintenance treatment is P0 (without immersion), P1 (immersion on water 24 hours), immersion on urine solution P2 (8 hours), P3 (16 hours), P4 (24 hours). Variables observed in this study were different lengths of corn seed immersion and rabbit urine solution, these variables were related to germination percentage, percentage of normal sprouts, fresh production, dry matter production, organic matter production, crude protein production, crude fiber production. The analysis used was variance analysis (ANOVA). These results indicate that the treatment of soaking corn kernels in the urine solution of rabbits had a very significant effect (P <0.01). ) to the percentage of normal germination of fresh forage production, dry matter production, production of organic matter, crude fiber production, crude protein production, while the results of observations on the percentage of sprouts had no significant effect (P> 0.05) P2 (99.3%) and P1 (98.1%), highest fresh production in P2 (384.2 grams) highest dry matter production in P2 (113.92 grams), highest crude protein production in P2 (61.2 gram) production of organic matter P2 (36.0 grams) and production of crude fiber P2 (55.58 grams). The conclusions from the results of this study that the treatment of corn seed immersion for 8 hours with rabbit urine solution can provide a better influence on the productivity of corn fodder with a hydroponic system.

Mixtures of annual legumes and small-grained cereals for forage production under low rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Triticale Line

SUMMARYTwo small-grained cereals, Mulga oats and a triticale line, and two legumes, local vetch and local peas, were grown in pure stands and in mixtures at various cereal: legume seed ratios (20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20) for three successive cropping years, 1981/82 to 1983/84, at Laxia and Dromolaxia, Cyprus, in each year.The cereal pure stands produced, on average, more dry matter, 8·40 t/ha, and more digestible organic matter, 4·12 t/ha, than the legume pure stands, 3·68 and 2·18 t/ha, respectively. On average, total dry matter production decreased linearly as the seed proportion of the legume component in the mixture increased. The proportion of the legume in the harvested material was much lower than expected from the seed ratios. The highest proportion of legume was seen in the mixtures of peas with triticale and ranged from 8·1 to 35·5% at the various sowing rates. Digestibility and crude protein content were highest in the mixtures of triticale and peas.

UTILIZATION OF LODGEPOLE PINE (Pinus contorta) MUKA (FOLIAGE) BY SHEEP

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
R. M. TAIT ◽  
C. GASTON ◽  
J. R. HUNT ◽  
G. M. BARTON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

Eight sheep were used in two 4 × 4 latin square digestion trials substituting alfalfa meal with unsteamed or steamed muka (foliage) at levels of 20, 40 or 60%. Including muka at all levels depressed (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fiber compared with the control alfalfa meal diet. When calculated by difference, the digestibility of muka dry matter and organic matter was not affected (P < 0.05) by either the level of its inclusion in the diets or by steaming. The mean dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of muka were 29.2 and 30.4%, respectively. The protein content of muka was 5.0% and the estimated protein digestibility at the 60% level of inclusion was only 6.6%. With unsteamed muka, the digestibility of acid detergent fiber calculated by difference averaged −11.9%, suggesting the presence of factors which depressed the digestibility of fiber in the basal diet. Steaming appeared to reduce this depression. A growth trial was conducted with lambs where alfalfa meal, as the sole roughage source, was compared to the same diet with 20% of the alfalfa replaced by steamed muka. Growth rates were not different (P > 0.05) being 142 and 138 g/day, respectively. A taste panel evaluation of the carcasses found no adverse effects on flavor due to the inclusion of steamed muka in the diet. Key words: Lodgepole pine muka, nutritive value, sheep

Influence of row spacing on growth, light and water use by sorghum

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McGowan ◽  
H. M. Taylor ◽  
J. Willingham
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Reduced Water

SUMMARYGrain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) was grown in Texas in 1985 at a constant population density of c. 6·6 plants/m2 in rows 0·5, 1·0 and 1·5 m apart and with the soil profile at field capacity at planting time. Dry matter production and yield were least at the widest spacing, principally because of a reduction in number of tillers. Dry matter accumulation was in direct proportion to the amount of light intercepted and largely independent of spacing between rows, with a conversion coefficient of 1·71 g dry matter/MJ energy intercepted. The most widely spaced crop used less water but not in proportion to the extent that ground cover was reduced. Water use efficiency was also less in the most widely spaced crop, probably because of heat advection from the bare soil between rows.

scholarly journals The effects of lime on pasture composition and production in western Waikato hill country

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Boom ◽  
Mike Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Clover Content

A 4-year lime rate trial was established on a hill country sheep and cattle property near Te Akau to determine lime effects on pasture utilisation. Four rates of lime were applied (1.25 t/ha, 2.5 t/ha, 5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) to 2 m × 2 m plots, from which soil Al, Ca and pH, pasture grazing heights, dry matter production, pasture species composition, feed quality and brix levels were measured. Lime application reduced soil Al (14.6 to 1.1 mg/kg), and increased Ca and pH (5.0 to 6.2) over time in the highest application rate. Dry matter production responded to all rates of lime in each year, and by the fourth year it was 27% greater (1.25 t/ha treatment), 35% greater (2.5 t/ha treatment), 69% greater (5 t/ha treatment), and 97% greater (10 t/ha treatment) than in the un-limed plots. Ryegrass and subterranean clover content increased with lime rate, whereas chewings fescue and dicot weed content declined. There were no sustained differences in pasture grazing heights, feed quality or brix levels between the control and rates of lime. On this site, all rates of lime were economic to apply by truck or plane when the benefits were spread over 4 years, with the greatest cost-benefit from thelower rates of lime.

scholarly journals Forages resources in "dehesa" systems: fertilization, tillage, and forage sowing. 2. Productivity and use of rain water

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
J.L. Martin Polo ◽  
C.J. Valle Gutierrez ◽  
A. Blanco de Pablos ◽  
M.E. Sánchez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Economic Studies ◽  
Different Soils

In two «dehesa» grasslands with different soils, one over slate and the other over granite, studies were carried out toinvestigate the influence that phosphoric fertilization, surface tillage of pastures and oat sowing have on the primaryproduction and its nutritive value, on the index of utilization of raining water, and on the evolution of oat stubble withtime. Additionally, economic studies of the previous results have been carried out. Phosphoric fertilization and superficialtilling of pastures did not have a relevant influence on the primary production. Additionally, in the successive regrowthover oat stubble there was no response to phosphoric fertilization. The production increments with respect tocontrols are related to the preparatory tillage for sowing the oats, and the changes that the vegetation experimented.This effect decreased with time. The dry matter production in the oat treatments was higher than in the pastures, bothin slate and granite soils. In dehesa systems the use of raining water for the production of 1 kg dry matter ha-1 was verylow, and, on the average, 0.278 and 0.588 l m-2 were needed in pastures, but this amount decreased significantly in theoats: 0.059 and 0.110 l m-2 in slates and granites, respectively; with better use of the water in the more fertile soils. Theeconomic response to the oat sowing was about 252 and of 160 euros ha-1 year-1 in slates and granites, but there was noeconomic response to the fertilization and superficial tilling of pastures during the period of the experiment.

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